两种凝集素基因在转基因烟草中表达的研究

构建了含尾穗苋凝集素基因(ACA)的cDNA序列和改造后的雪花莲凝集素基因(GNA)的植物表达载体pBACG。在此表达载体中,ACA和GNA基因的表达分别由35S启动子和CoYMV启动子控制。通过农杆菌介导,将ACA和GNA基因转化到烟草中,经卡那霉素筛选获得60株转化再生植株。对PCR检测呈阳性的50株植株进行接蚜虫实验,结果表明,其平均抑虫率达83．9％。Southern blotting分析表明,ACA和GNA基因都已整合到烟草基因组中。Western blotting结果显示这两个基因在不同植株中都可表达其相应的蛋白质,但表达水平不同。部分Western blotting分析呈阳性植株的抗蚜性与T0代相近,达85．3％,说明这两个基因的抗蚜功能可以稳定遗传。     

基因枪法和农杆菌介导法对水稻转基因拷贝数的基因重排概率的影响

基因枪法和农杆菌介导法转化的外源DNA整合到植物梁色上是随机进行的,因此,它们可能会产生不同的转基因拷贝数,得到不同的基因表达盒完整率,这反过来会影响基因的表达,为证实这一假说,作首先将同一质粒pAcPG-CAM分别用基因枪法和农杆菌介导法转化到水稻（Oryza sativa L.cv.TNG67)愈伤组织,为了揭示不同质粒是否也出现类似结果,也用农杆菌介导法,基因枪法分别将pTOK233和pJPM44导入水稻愈伤组织,并获得一批转基因植株,Ｒ０代值转基因表达的分析用ＧＵＳ组织化学染色法,用质粒上的单切点酶酶切基因组DNA后的Southern杂交结果确定转基因拷贝数,总DNA髟双切点酶（分别位于表达盒两侧）酶切后的Southern杂交结果确定了完整转基因表达盒数目,结果表明,农杆菌介导转化法的转基因植株的转基因拷贝数相对少一些（平均为2．1和2．3）,而基因枪法转化产生的转基因植株的转基因撬贝数相对多一些（平均为4．2和5．6）,并且农杆菌介导转化法的转基因植株的基因表达盒DNA重排概率低于由基因枪法转化产生的转基因植株的基因表达盒DNA重排概率－农杆菌介导转化法的DNA重排概率为0．07和0．106,由基因枪法转化的DNA重排概率为0．57和0．66。研究还分析了基因表达情况与转基因的拷贝数或完整表达盒数之间的关系,GUS定量分析结果表明,为了准确揭示转基因的表达情况与转基因之间的关系,用完整基因表达盒数而不是转基因DNA拷贝数更准确,并于用不同转基因方法将同种质粒导入植物体分析基因表达盒DNA重排概率为首次报道。     

甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因在水稻中的表达及转基因植株的耐盐性研究

甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)是渗透调节剂甜菜碱生物合成中涉及的第2个酶,我们将含盐生植物山菠菜BADH基因的植物双元表达载体经基因枪法导入水稻,经盐胁迫筛选得到转化植株,经RAPD检测全部阳性,在随机选择的10株转化植株中全部测出BADH活性,而对照未见.Northern杂交表明,其中7株为阳性.在含0.5%氯化钠的盐池中大多数转基因植株生长基本正常,结实率约为10%,而对照受盐害现象显著,几乎全部枯萎.     

含甘露糖异构酶基因植物表达载体的构建

目的:构建了以manA基因为选择标记的植物表达载体。方法:从大肠杆菌DH5α中克隆出manA基因,连接到质粒pCAMBIA1301的XhoⅠ位点,替换hpt基因,通过酶切和PCR检测了插入片段的正确性,使用XbaⅠ和HindⅢ酶切Gateway载体(pGWCBF)获得含有P35S-T35S-attR1-attR2-CmR-ccdB的结构域,将其插入到表达载体pCAMBIA1301的相应位点中,获得中间表达载体pCAMBIA1301-manA-GW,使用Gateway载体的BP反应与LR反应,将转录因子CBF基因片段整合到载体中。结果:酶切结果表明以甘露糖异构酶基因(manA)为选择标记的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-manA-CBF已经构建完成。结论:将构建好的载体用液氮冻融法转化到农杆菌中,可以用于葡萄的遗传转化研究,为将来获得安全的转基因抗寒植株奠定基础。     

深黄被孢霉Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因在转基因烟草中的表达

γ 亚麻酸 (GLA)是人体和动物饮食中具有营养作用的重要的多烯不饱和脂肪酸 ,在大多数油料作物种子中不含有GLA ,而只含有其前体物亚油酸 ,只有少数油料植物种子中含有GLA ,如夜来香 (Oenotheraspp) ,琉璃苣(Boragoofficinalis)等。Δ6 脂肪酸脱氢酶可将亚油酸转化为γ 亚麻酸 ,为了能够在传统的油料作物种子中产生GLA ,我们将从深黄被孢霉中克隆的Δ6 脂肪酸脱氢酶基因 ,与植物表达载体pGA6 43连接 ,构建了重组质粒pGAMICL6 ,将其通过农杆菌介导法 ,导入模式植物烟草中。经PCR和Southern杂交分析表明该基因已导入并整合到烟草的基因组中 ,Northern杂交结果表明该基因在转基因烟草的mRNA水平上获得表达。对转基因植株进行脂肪酸分析 ,结果显示 ,GLA和十八碳四烯酸 (OTA)分别占总脂肪酸含量的 19 7%和 3 5 %。     

CMO与BADH双基因表达载体构建及在烟草中的表达

本研究的目的是将甜菜碱合成关键酶CMO与BADH基因构建到同一表达载体中,利用转基因方法将该表达载体导入植物体内,完善植物体内的甜菜碱合成途径,提高植物的抗旱性和耐盐性。以pC1303质粒为基础,构建了均由35S启动子驱动的CMO基因和BADH基因的植物双基因表达载体pC35SC35SB1303。利用冻融法将其导入农杆菌LBA4404中,通过农杆菌介导法分别将CMO基因、BADH基因以及该双基因表达载体导入烟草中,PCR检测和Northern杂交分析表明,外源基因已整合到受体植物基因组中并正常表达。对转基因植株及对照植株甜菜碱含量的检测结果表明,转双基因植株的甜菜碱含量明显高于转BADH基因植株、转CMO基因植株及对照植株。     

转雪花莲外源凝集素基因烟草对桃蚜的抑制作用

将编码雪花莲外源凝集素成熟蛋白的cDNA GNA12和其前体蛋白cDNA GNA34插入到二元载体pBin438的双倍增强子CaMV 35S启动子或二元载体pBcop1的CoYMV启动子下游,分别构建成植物表达载体pBGna12、pBGna34\,pBCGna12和pBCGna34。土壤农杆菌介导的转化再生植株的PCR和Southern blot分析表明,GNA基因已整合到烟草DNA中。Western blot分析发现pBGna34和pBCGna34的转基因植株能有效地表达外源GNA,表达量约占可溶性总蛋白的0.08%～0.15%,并且前体蛋白基因编码的蛋白在植物体内进行了正确的加工;而pBGna12和pBCGna12的植株几乎检测不到外源GNA的表达。有效表达外源GNA的pBGna34和pBCGna34的转基因植株具有较强的抗蚜活性,平均能够抑制桃蚜(Myzus persicae)45%～６０％蚜口密度,有的高达90%以上。在转基因烟草中含双倍增强子的CaMV 35S启动子与韧皮部特异表达的CoYMV启动子介导GNA基因表达具有相似的强度,但它们的抗蚜活性存在差异。     

绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)在抗虫转基因植物研究中的应用(英文)

用合成的cry1Ac基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因 (GFP)构成融合蛋白基因 ,然后和改造的GNA基因构建双价抗虫基因植物表达载体pBGbfg ,经根癌农杆菌介导转化了烟草。在紫外灯照射下 ,观察到转基因植株叶片中有较强的绿色荧光 ;经抗虫试验、PCR、Southernblot和Westernblot等检测 ,表明该重组植物表达载体能够在转基因植物中有效表达外源基因 ,转基因植株绿色荧光的表型与其抗虫性密切相关。从而成功地建立了以绿色荧光蛋白基因与抗虫基因组成的融合基因转化系统 ,简化了抗虫转基因植物筛选程序 ,有助于快速获得双价抗虫转基因植株。     

绿色荧光蛋白基因（G卯）在抗虫转基因植物研究中的应用

用合成的crylAc基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)构成融合蛋白基因,然后和改造的GNA基因构建双价抗虫基因植物表达载体pBGbfg,经根癌农杆菌介导转化了烟草。在紫外灯照射下,观察到转基因植株叶片中有较强的绿色荧光;经抗虫试验、PCR、Southern blot和Western blot等检测,表明该重组植物表达载体能够在转基因植物中有效表达外源基因,转基因植株绿色荧光的表型与其抗虫性密切相关。从而成功地建立了以绿色荧光蛋白基因与抗虫基因组成的融合基因转化系统,简化了抗虫转基因植物筛选程序,有助于快速获得双价抗虫转基因植株。     

高赖氨酸蛋白基因导入水稻及可育转基因植株的获得

构建了一个植物高效表达质粒,使来源于四棱豆（Psophocarpus tetragonolobus(L.)DC)的高赖氨酸蛋白基因（lys）受控于单子叶植物ubiqutin强启动子下表达。用基因枪法将其导入水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼胚诱导的愈伤组织,经潮霉素抗性筛选,得到可育的再生植株。经PCR和Southem blotting检测,表明该基因已整合到水稻的基因组织。GUS组织化学染色表明转基因水稻植株的叶、茎和根中均有gus基因的表达。测定112株转基因水稻叶片中赖氨酸叶量,大部分植株有不同程度的提高,最高幅度为16．04％。     

转基因培育抗除草剂水稻

以ｐＡＨＣ２０（含Ｂａｒ基因）和ｐＷＲＧ１５１５（含ＧＵＳ基因和潮霉素抗性基因）以及含Ｂａｒ基因和雪莲凝集素（ＧＮＡ）基因的ｐＣＡＭＢＩＡ３３００ ＲＧ为供体ＤＮＡ,选用水稻品系８７２０３、上农香糯及鄂宜１０５的成熟胚诱导出的愈伤组织及微不定芽为受体材料,分别采用基因枪和根癌农杆菌（ＬＢＡ４４０４,含ｐＡＬ４４０４）导入法进行基因转化;经抗性筛选、ＧＵＳ检测和ＰＣＲ分析。结果表明,外源基因已通过基     

Use of a Mutated Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Gene as an Effective In Vitro Selectable Marker System that Also Conveys <Emphasis Type="Italic">in planta</Emphasis> Herbicide Resistance in Sugarcane

Genetic engineering can be used to introduce economically important traits in sugarcane cultivars. Part of any transformation process involves the selection of genetically transformed cells. In this study, an efficient sugarcane in vitro selection system was developed using mutated protophorhyrinogen oxidase (PPO) genes as selectable markers. Two PPO genes, that encode proteins targeted either to the mitochondria or plastid, were isolated from tobacco and maize. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to alter the nucleotide sequence of these genes so that the resulting proteins are less sensitive to diphenylether type herbicides. Sugarcane callus was genetically transformed through particle bombardment with constructs allowing expression of either transgene, and putative transgenic calli were selected on fomesafen. It took approximately 4 weeks to select herbicide resistant calli clones on 10 mg/l fomesafen in the presence of light, which increased the selection pressure, and a further 8 weeks to regenerate resistant plantlets. PCR analysis confirmed that all regenerated putative transgenic sugarcane plants contained the transgene. All transgenic plants showed levels of herbicide resistance when planted in soil.     

果蔗“拔地拉”植株再生与农杆菌介导的遗传转化研究

以果蔗(Sacchdrgm officenarum L.)'拔地拉'的幼嫩叶鞘为材料,以MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg L~(-1)为诱导培养基,MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg L~(-1)+6-BA 1.0 mg L~(-1)为分化培养基,MS+IAA2.0 mg L~(-1)为生根培养基,建立了高效的果蔗再生体系.利用农杆菌介导法将含有cryIA基因和CPTI基因的植物表达载体导入果蔗愈伤组织,经潮霉素筛选、PCR以及Southern杂交分析表明,cryIAc基因已整合进果蔗基因组中.     

农杆菌介导的雪花莲凝集素基因转入玉米骨干自交系

以农杆菌AGL0介导,将雪花莲凝集素基因转入玉米骨干自交系齐319和掖515胚性愈伤组织细胞,从筛选后的抗性愈伤组织获得再生植株。农杆菌浓度和共培养时间均能显著影响侵染后玉米愈伤组织的抗性频率。在农杆菌浓度OD600 0．2～0．3,共培养时间3d时,侵染后玉米愈伤组织的抗性频率最高,平均约4％。对再生植株及其子代基因组DNA的PCR及Southern杂交分析表明雪花莲凝集素基因已经整合到玉米基因组中,并遗传给后代。在蚜虫人工接种试验中,转基因植株上蚜虫的繁殖力为非转基因对照植株上的50％,这表明转基因植株抗蚜性显著增强。     

Expression of Rice Stripe Virus Coat Protein Gene in Transgenic Rice Plants

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is a pathogen of rice stripe disease causing great damage to rice. The disease is transmitted by Laodelphax striatellus and three other planthoppers. RSV infects as much as 37 cereals including rice, wheat, maize and results in a significant reduction in yield in epidemic year. In order to develop efficient means of controlling the disease, authors have studied the amino acid composition of RSV coat protein (CP), synthesized and cloned the cDNA to CP, sequenced the full-length CP gene. Having inserted the RSV CP gene into plant expression vector pROK Ⅱ, authors transformed rice suspension culture via microprojectile bombardment and obtained transgenic plants expressing the CP gene. The suspension culture was initiated by inoculating yellowish, compact and embryogenic calli derived from seeds into suspension medium containing proline and maltose. After being cultured at 26℃ in the dark for about half a year, finely-dispersed and embryogenic suspension culture was estabolished. Before bombardment the suspension culture was evently applied onto three-layered filter-paper discs in a petri dish. CaCl2 and spermidine was employed to coat tungsten particle with plasmid DNA. 2.5 μl of coated particle was loaded onto bullet and each dish was bombarded three times. Immediately after being bombarded, the suspensions were cultured in modified N6 medium. 2 days later the suspensions were transferred to the same medium but containing G418, which were subcultured weekly. Being subject to G418 selection for two months, white and fast-growing clones were emerged from the brownish cultures. Green plants regenerated when the resistant calli were transferred to differentiation medium. The regenerated plants were firm enough to grow well in the greenhouse. 10 plants regenerated from G418 resistant calli were tested for their transformed nature by Southern blot using 32P-labelled CP gene as a probe. Among the plants tested, 2 plants showed clearly hy bridizing bands with a molecular weight corresponding to RSV CP gene. Western blot further demonstrated that RSV CP gene was expressed in transgenic rice plants. At present tests on the antiviral effects of transgenic plants by feeding plantphoppers infccted with RSV are being underway.     

Microprojectile transformation of sugarcane meristems and regeneration of shoots expressing β-Glucuronidase

Summary Microprojectile bombardment was used to introduce the GUS reporter gene into sugarcane axillary meristems. Chimeric expression of this gene was observed in 20–40% of shoots regenerated from sugarcane meristems one month after particle bombardment. The linear pattern of GUS expression observed is consistent with periclinal division from single transformed meristematic cells. Meristems have advantages over callus cells as targets for microprojectile transformation, and have potential for introducing agronomically important genes into current commercial sugarcane varieties.     

Transformation and expression of a gene for herbicide resistance in a Brazilian sugarcane

 Embryogenic calli of the Brazilian sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) genotype SP80–180 were transformed with two plasmids containing genes coding for neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) and phosphinotrycin acetyltransferase (bar), by particle bombardment using an apparatus developed at Copersucar Technology Center. Transformed plants were initially selected on culture medium containing Geneticin, and resistance was confirmed by localized application of a kanamycin solution to leaves of hardened plants at the nursery. A commercial formulation of ammonium gluphosinate was sprayed twice on these antibiotic-resistant plants. The resistant plants were considered co-transformed, and Southern analysis confirmed stable integration of both bar and neo genes. In addition, phosphinotrycin acetyltransferase expression was supported by RT-PCR analysis and neomycin phosphotransferase presence was demonstrated by western blotting. Similar analyses were also performed with micropropagated transformants after three cycles of subculture. Received: 15 December 1999 / Revision received: 15 April 2000 / Accepted: 1 June 2000     

小麦抗白粉病相关基因的转化

利用玉米花青素苷合成调节基因C1-Lc作为报告基因, 通过瞬间表达后愈伤组织表面红色斑点的统计分析, 优化了小麦幼胚愈伤组织的基因枪转化参数。小麦Beclin1类似基因TaTBL和硫代硫酸硫转移酶基因TaTST是2个在白粉菌诱导条件下具有增强表达特性的抗病相关基因。本实验进一步利用基因枪将ubi强启动子控制下的2个基因导入到小麦品种扬麦158的幼胚愈伤组织细胞中, 使用除草剂经两轮选择培养基上的筛选和再生获得抗性植株, 进一步通过抗性植株的PCR分析获得转TaTBL基因植株5株, 转TaTST基因植株6株。转基因植株离体叶片的人工接种实验表明, 外源基因的导入不同程度上增强了植株的白粉病抗性, 表现为延缓了白粉菌的发育。利用玉米花青素苷合成调节基因C1-Lc作为报告基因,通过瞬间表达后愈伤组织表面红色斑点的统计分析,优化了小麦幼胚愈伤组织的基因枪转化参数。小麦Beclin1类似基因TaTBL和硫代硫酸硫转移酶基因TaTST是两个在白粉菌诱导条件下具有增强表达特性的抗病相关基因。本实验进一步利用基因枪将ubi强启动子控制下的两个基因导入到小麦品种扬麦158的幼胚愈伤组织细胞中,使用除草剂经两轮选择培养基上的筛选和再生获得抗性植株,进一步通过抗性植株的PCR分析获得转TaTBL基因植株5株,转TaTST基因植株6株。转基因植株离体叶片的人工接种实验表明,外源基因的导入不同程度上增强了植株的白粉病抗性,表现为延缓了白粉菌的发育。     

Biolistic transformation of highly regenerative sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves

Leaves of greenhouse-grown sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants that were first screened for high regeneration potential were transformed via particle bombardment with the uidA gene fused to the osmotin or proteinase inhibitor II gene promoter. Stably transformed calli were recovered as early as 7 weeks after bombardment and GUS-positive shoots regenerated 3 months after bombardment. The efficiency of transformation ranged from 0.9% to 3.7%, and stable integration of the uidA gene into the genome was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The main advantages of direct bombardment of leaves to regenerate transformed sugar beet include (1) a readily available source of highly regenerative target tissue, (2) minimal tissue culture manipulation before and after bombardment, and (3) the overall rapid regeneration of transgenic shoots.     

Transformation of Pea Lectin Gene and Parasponia Haemoglobin Gene into Rice and Their Expressions

Lectin and leghemoglobin in legumes play the important roles, respectively, in recognition of host plants to their rhizobial bacteria, and lowering the oxygen partial pressure around bacteroids and protecting nitrogenase from oxygen in symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules. In order to extend the host range of the rhizobial bacteria and to make them fix nitrogen in non-legumes, pea lectin gene ( pl ) and Parasponia hemoglobin gene ( phb ) have been constructed into a plant expression vector (pCBHUL) and the vector pCBHUL was introduced into rice calli from immature young embryos by particle bombardment. After the calli were regenerated into plantlets on the resistant-selecting media containing hygromycin, they were identified by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. It was indicated that the pl and phb genes were integrated into nucleic genome of the transformed rice plants. GUS activity and the product of the pl gene were determined by GUS staining, Western blot and in situ hybridization at translational level. Eighteen out of 40 plants resistant to hygromycin were positively identified by PCR analysis with the rate of 45%. The pl gene was expressed in 3 out of 18 plants with 17% and 7.5%in 40 plants. The results may provide a clue for exploring whether Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae could extend its host range and make the transgenic rice plants have the possibility of being symbiotic, or associative to nitrogen fixation.