构建骨骼肌特异表达人FS基因载体及其稳定转染绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞

旨在构建骨骼肌特异表达人卵泡抑制素( follistatin,Fs)基因载体并得到其稳定转染的蒙古绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞系,为后期通过体细胞核移植方法制作转FS基因克隆绵羊奠定基础.首先通过RT-PCR方法克隆得到人FS基因cDNA序列,然后与猪骨骼肌特异表达启动子α-actin以及红色荧光蛋白表达元件连接,构建成FS基因骨骼肌特异表达载体pCFCDS.脂质体介导外源表达载体转染绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,经G418筛选后得到稳定转染的绵羊转基因细胞克隆.PCR鉴定外源基因在细胞基因组中的整合,分析转基因细胞系的核型和生长状况.结果显示,成功构建得到绵羊骨骼肌特异表达人FS基因的真核表达载体,并得到其稳定转染的转基因绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞系,为后期通过体细胞核移植方法制作转FS基因克隆绵羊奠定基础.     

表达红色荧光及转胸腺素β4基因绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞系的制备

旨在构建胸腺素β4(thymosin beta4,Tβ4)基因真核表达载体并转染绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,获得稳定表达胸腺素β4及红色荧光蛋白的转基因细胞克隆。将克隆载体pMD19TT中的胸腺素β4基因亚克隆到表达载体pIRES2-DsRed2的多克隆位点,构建表达载体pIRES2-DsRed2-Tβ4,脂质体介导转染绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,G418筛选获得稳定转染的细胞克隆。RT-PCR检测Tβ4基因在宿主细胞中的转录。测序结果显示,构建的表达载体pIRES2-DsRed2-Tβ4序列中,Tβ4基因正确连接在CMV启动子下游,顺序连接IRES2序列和红色荧光蛋白基因,载体构建正确。脂质体介导的稳定转染效率约为15%,经G418筛选得到转基因细胞克隆并高效表达红色荧光蛋白。RT-PCR检测显示外源Tβ4基因在绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞中得到转录。成功构建具有红色荧光蛋白和新霉素抗性双选择标记的胸腺素β4基因真核表达载体并稳定转染绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,筛选得到的超表达胸腺素β4绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞系为下一步通过核移植和克隆技术获得转基因绵羊提供了条件。     

绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞体外培养及转基因研究

目的用增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因转染体外培养绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,探讨绿色荧光蛋白对绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞生物学特性的影响.方法体外分离培养绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,经脂质体介导EGFP基因转染第一代成纤维细胞,G418筛选10～12*!d,挑选转基因单克隆细胞,传代培养,进行细胞形态观察、生长曲线以及染色体核型分析,并进行了培养细胞性别鉴定.结果整合有EGFP基因的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞生物学行为与未转染外源基因的细胞无明显差别,根据荧光强度可直接反应外源基因的表达量.结论 EGFP基因作为体内报告基因可用于转基因细胞的研究,并将整合有EGFP基因的转基因细胞为克隆动物提供核供体奠定了基础.     

小鼠超高硫角蛋白基因启动子的克隆及其表达活性分析

目的筛选在小鼠毛囊中具有高表达活性的内源启动子,为建立小鼠被毛特异表达外源蛋白的转基因技术奠定基础。方法以小鼠基因组为模板,克隆得到超高硫角蛋白基因启动子超高硫角蛋白(UHS),将其分别与pβgal-Basic和pAcGFP1-N1载体连接,构建了重组真核表达载体。采用阳离子脂质体法转染胎鼠组织块,分析其表达活性。结果转染后48 h,在蓝光激发条件下可以检测到绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)在小鼠毛囊区高表达,转染96 h后,表达减弱;此外,转染后48 h,βgal染色结果显示在皮肤块的毛囊区存在蓝色点状区域。结论 UHS启动子在小鼠毛囊中具有表达特异性。     

小鼠KGF基因毛囊特异性表达载体的构建及mESC脂质体悬浮转染条件的优化

旨在构建小鼠角质细胞生长因子(KGF)真核表达载体pCDsR-UKA,通过脂质体转染法转染小鼠胚胎干细胞( mESC),并进一步优化其转染条件,最终获得可以正常生长并稳定表达红色荧光蛋白的转KGF基因的ES细胞.利用RTPCR技术扩增小鼠KGF基因cDNA并构建表达载体pCDsR-UKA (6.6 kb),经鉴定正确的重组质粒DNA用脂质体包裹后转染mESC.从小鼠成纤维细胞cDNA扩增出891 bp的KGF基因片段与UHS启动子和BGH polyA序列成功重组到pCDsRed2载体中.经酶切和DNA测序验证,插入载体的DNA片段为KGF基因且方向正确.采用脂质体法优化转染条件,mESC最高转染效率达到(34.4±4.1)％.经G418筛选的转基因ES细胞通过PCR鉴定证实外源基因已整合在ES细胞基因组中.成功获得了小鼠KGF基因片段,以及真核表达载体pCDsR-UKA,经优化的脂质体悬浮法转染条件,在六孔板中当DNA与脂质体比例为3:10时,可获得最佳转染效率且不改变ES细胞的生长状态,经筛选获得了转基因ES细胞克隆.为下一步通过四倍体补偿技术获得ES小鼠提供了转基因ES细胞.     

应用RNAi干扰eGFP转基因小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞中FGF5基因的表达

在小鼠FGF5基因干扰的研究中,针对小鼠FGF5 mRNA的第316～335 bp区域、第499～518 bp区域和第766～785 bp区域分别设计了发夹式RNA干扰片段,并将干扰片段连接到带有H1启动子的红色荧光表达载体上,将载体以脂质体法转染到eGFP转基因小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞中,搜集转染后的细胞提取总RNA,并反转录成cDNA.用SYBR GREEN Ⅰ荧光定量PCR方法对转染了不同干扰载体的细胞cDNA进行检测,结果干扰载体对eGFP转基因小鼠成纤维细胞中的FGF5表达有较强的抑制作用.     

上皮组织特异性表达N-LMP1和CR2转基因猪胚胎成纤维细胞的构建与鉴定

目的 构建上皮组织特异性表达鼻咽癌来源潜伏膜蛋白1（N-LMP1）和人补体受体2（CR2）真核表达载体,转染猪胚胎成纤维细胞并筛选整合有N-LMP1和CR2基因的细胞克隆,为构建与EBV感染相关的猪鼻咽癌模型奠定基础.方法 通过直接合成ED-L2启动子和N-LMP1,从人B淋巴细胞中的RNA经RT-PCR扩增出CR2,将上述3个片段逐个连接到真核表达载体pN1上,构建上皮组织特异性表达N-LMP1和CR2的载体pN1-ED-L2-N-LMP1-CR2;用脂质体转染猪胚胎成纤维细胞,经药物G418 筛选和PCR鉴定阳性克隆.结果 成功构建上皮组织特异性表达N-LMP1和CR2的真核表达载体pN1-ED-L2-N-LMP1-CR2,并成功整合到猪胚胎成纤维细胞的基因组中,获得了整合有目的 基因N-LMP1和CR2的猪胚胎成纤维细胞克隆.结论 获得了上皮组织特异性表达N-LMP1和CR2 的猪胚胎成纤维细胞克隆,为通过细胞核移植方法获得表达N-LMP1和CR2转基因猪提供了供体细胞.     

重组人gdnf乳腺特异表达载体转染牛胎儿成纤维细胞的研究

为了制备重组人GDNF牛乳腺生物反应器,采用组织块贴壁法分离培养雌性牛胎儿成纤维细胞,连续继代培养75d,进行形态观察和染色体分析,在此基础上,转染带有新霉素抗性和红色荧光蛋白双重筛选标记的重组人gdnf乳腺特异表达载体pNR-GDNF,G418筛选阳性抗性克隆,进行PCR法鉴定。结果表明,分离培养的牛胎儿成纤维细胞具有正常的形态、分裂增殖特性和染色体数目;目的基因已整合到转基因细胞的染色体上。     

人血清白蛋白基因的打靶研究

为获得整合有人血清白蛋白(HSA)基因的猪胎儿成纤维细胞克隆,从猪基因组文库中杂交筛选得到猪血清白蛋白(PSA)基因全序列35kb并克隆了人血清白蛋白cDNA序列,扩增猪血清白蛋白基因5′调控序列7.2kb片段及第一内含子至第四内含子2.8kb的片段;构建了含有neo及tk正负筛选标记基因的人血清白蛋白基因打靶载体,并验证了neo基因的有效性。将线性化的打靶载体通过电击转染的方法整合到猪胎儿成纤维细胞基因组中,利用G418及GANC进行细胞克隆的抗药性筛选,PCR及Southern blot鉴定抗药性细胞克隆,最终获得3个发生同源重组的细胞克隆。这为下一步进行体细胞核移植制备生产人血清白蛋白转基因猪奠定了基础。     

体细胞核移植生产绵羊转hALR基因囊胚

扩增人肝细胞再生增强因子(human augmenter of liver regeneration,ALR)基因,利用质粒pIRES2-EGFP 构建新霉素(Neo)、增强绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescence protein,EGFP)双标记基因且EGFP和ALR基因为双顺反子的真核表达载体.LipofectAMINETM介导其转染体外培养的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞(sheep fetal fibroblast cells,sFFCs);经G418筛选转基因细胞;激光共聚焦显微镜挑选绿色荧光单克隆细胞.PCR、RT-PCR和免疫组织化学方法进一步检测ALR基因及其表达;稳定表达外源基因的sFFCs作供体,移入去核的绵羊卵母细胞中,进行体细胞核移植.通过激光共聚焦显微镜和ALR抗体检测EGFP、ALR基因在胚胎水平上的表达,其结果表明:由IRES连接的EGFP和ALR基因可在绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞内同时表达,由此细胞核移植产生的转基因胚胎在发育的各阶段均可见绿色荧光;囊胚中所有细胞表达EGFP基因;发绿色荧光的胚胎中ALR基因同时存在.因此,由IRES连接标记基因和目的基因,以标记基因指示目的基因的表达,可简化检测目的基因的繁琐手段;用筛选的转基因早期胚胎进行移植,可提高制备转基因动物的效率.     

Functional expression of a cloned herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase gene.

A vector which expresses the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (strain 17) DNA polymerase gene was constructed by ligating two separately cloned HSV DNA restriction fragments into an intermediate plasmid and then mobilizing the intact polymerase gene-encoding sequence into a pSV2 derivative. The expression vector (pD7) contains a functional simian virus 40 replication origin and early enhancer-promoter upstream from the HSV DNA polymerase-encoding sequence. COS-1 cells transfected with pD7 contained an RNA species, shown by Northern blot analysis to hybridize specifically with an HSV DNA pol probe and to be the same size (4.3 kilobases) as the pol mRNA found in HSV-1-infected COS-1 cells. A genetic complementation test was used to establish that pD7 expresses a functional pol gene product. COS-1 cells transfected with pD7 were able to partially complement the growth defect of an HSV-1 (KOS) temperature-sensitive mutant, tsC7, in the DNA polymerase gene at the nonpermissive temperature.     

动物活体成像生物发光稳定细胞株的构建

目的:构建组成型表达萤光素酶基因的载体,建立稳定高表达萤光素酶的MCF-7乳腺癌细胞株,检测其对细胞增殖的影响及在传代后的表达效果.方法:以载体pGIA.20为模板,PCR扩增萤火虫萤光素酶基因,将其克隆到载体pIRESpuro2上,将获得的pIRESpuro2-Luc经酶切和测序验证后,转染293T、MCF-7及ZR...     

Characterisation of white and black merino wools: a proteomics study

Wool is an important agricultural commodity with merino wool being rated alongside the finest quality fibres, which include the goat fibres Mohair and Cashmere. Although pigmented wool merinos have become extremely rare, the market for this wool is increasing. In Portugal, there are two merino breeds: white and black, descendants of animals originally bred on the Iberian Peninsula. These breeds have the potential to assist in our understanding of how protein expression relates to wool traits of importance to the textile industry. Herein, we study the characteristics and protein expression profiles of wool from ewes of the Portuguese black and white merino (n=15). Both breeds had very similar results for fibre diameter (25 µm) and curvature (105 to 111°/mm). Significant between-breed differences were found in the two types of keratin-associated proteins (KAPs): high-sulphur proteins (HSPs) and high-glycine–tyrosine proteins (HGTPs). The expression of HSPs, KAP2-3 and KAP2-4, decreased expression in the pigmented animals, whereas KAP13-1 was found in higher amounts. Likewise, the expression of the ultra-high-sulphur proteins, KAP4-3 and KAP4-7-like, was reduced in black sheep to half the levels of the white wools, whereas the HGTPs, KAP6, KAP6-1, KAP6-2 and KAP16-2, were more abundant in black sheep. These results suggest structural differences between the black and white merino wool, because of differences among some KAPs. These differences have important implications for the textile industry.     

The FLA3 KAP subunit is required for localization of kinesin-2 to the site of flagellar assembly and processive anterograde intraflagellar transport

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a bidirectional process required for assembly and maintenance of cilia and flagella. Kinesin-2 is the anterograde IFT motor, and Dhc1b/Dhc2 drives retrograde IFT. To understand how either motor interacts with the IFT particle or how their activities might be coordinated, we characterized a ts mutation in the Chlamydomonas gene encoding KAP, the nonmotor subunit of Kinesin-2. The fla3-1 mutation is an amino acid substitution in a conserved C-terminal domain. fla3-1 strains assemble flagella at 21 degrees C, but cannot maintain them at 33 degrees C. Although the Kinesin-2 complex is present at both 21 and 33 degrees C, the fla3-1 Kinesin-2 complex is not efficiently targeted to or retained in the basal body region or flagella. Video-enhanced DIC microscopy of fla3-1 cells shows that the frequency of anterograde IFT particles is significantly reduced. Anterograde particles move at near wild-type velocities, but appear larger and pause more frequently in fla3-1. Transformation with an epitope-tagged KAP gene rescues all of the fla3-1 defects and results in preferential incorporation of tagged KAP complexes into flagella. KAP is therefore required for the localization of Kinesin-2 at the site of flagellar assembly and the efficient transport of anterograde IFT particles within flagella.     

Silencing of long noncoding RNA LEF1-AS1 prevents the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via the crosstalk with microRNA-136-5p/WNK1

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as cancer-associated biological molecules, favoring hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects lncRNA lymphoid enhancer-binding Factor 1 antisense RNA (LEF1-AS1) on the pathological development of HCC, along with the crosstalk involving microRNA-136-5p (miR-136-5p) and with-no-K (lysine) kinase 1 (WNK1). The study recruited primary HCC tissues and their corresponding nonneoplastic liver tissues. The gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed in HCC cells HuH-7 and tumor xenografts in nude mice. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay system, RNA pull-down, and radioimmunoprecipitation assays were applied to detect their interactions among lncRNA LEF1-AS1, miR-136-5p, and WNK1. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, scratch test, Transwell assays, and in vitro tube formation assays were conducted to examine HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and HUVEC angiogenesis. HCC tissues and cells contained high lncRNA LEF1-AS1 expression. LncRNA LEF1-AS1 upregulation triggered markedly increased HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis. In vivo silencing lncRNA LEF1-AS1 resulted in reduced tumor cell vitality and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Additionally, the role of lncRNA LEF1-AS1 was found to be largely dependent on WNK1. Association of lncRNA LEF1-AS1 with WNK1 blocked the inhibitory effect of miR-136-5p on WNK1, which was confirmed by in vivo experiments. Altogether, our results revealed an important role of lncRNA LEF1-AS1 in regulating the HCC progression by regulating WNK1, providing a potential biomarker for the therapeutic modalities regarding HCC.     

Long noncoding RNA LEF1-AS1 silencing suppresses the initiation and development of prostate cancer by acting as a molecular sponge of miR-330-5p via LEF1 repression

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major cancers affecting males with high mortality around the world. Recent studies have found that some long noncoding RNAs play a critical part in the cellular processes of PCa. In our study, aberrant expressed lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 antisense RNA 1 (LEF1-AS1), microRNA-330-5p (miR-330-5p), and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) were screened out from a microarray database, the role of the novel noncoding RNA regulatory circuitry in the initiation and development of PCa was investigated. LEF1-AS1 and LEF1 were highly expressed while miR-330-5p was poorly expressed in PCa. Following that, the PCa PC-3 cell line was adopted for subsequently experiments, in which the expression of LEF1-AS1 and miR-330-5p was subsequently altered by means of exogenous transfection. After that, the effects of up- or downregulation of LEF1-AS1 and miR-330-5p on epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the cell ability for proliferation, invasion, migration in vitro, and tumorigenesis and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in vivo were evaluated. RNA crosstalk revealed that LEF1-AS1 bound to miR-330-5p and LEF1 was the target gene of miR-330-5p. Silenced LEF1-AS1 or elevated miR-330-5p exhibited inhibited EMT processes, reduced ability of proliferation, invasion and migration, coupling with decreased tumorigenesis and LNM in nude mice. The key findings of this study collectively propose downregulation of LEF1-AS1 competing with miR-330-5p to inhibit EMT, invasion and migration of PCa by LEF1 repression.     

Identification of two novel clusters of ultrahigh-sulfur keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 11

We analyzed two novel clusters of keratin-associated protein (KAP) genes on human chromosome 11 (11p15.5 and 11q13.5) in which we identified two known human KRTAP5 genes, KerA (=KRN1) and KerB, and nine novel KRTAP5 family genes. RT-PCR analysis of these KAP genes showed preferential expression in human hair root, suggesting these gene products are required for hair formation. Based on the deduced amino acid sequences, all these KAP proteins were classified into an ultrahigh-sulfur (UHS) type KAP with high cysteine content (> 30 mol%). These KAPs also showed high glycine and serine contents (average 24.30 and 21.13 mol%, respectively), distinguishing from other UHS/HS KAP families located on human chromosomes 17 and 21. Dot-matrix analysis revealed a significant similarity between these two KAP gene clusters. We postulated a mechanism by which these two KAP gene clusters are generated via genomic duplication of a primordial gene cluster followed by genetic modification during evolution.     

大鼠GluR2基因启动子控制的萤火虫荧光素酶表达载体的构建

目的构建大鼠GluR2基因启动子控制的萤火虫荧光素酶表达载体,并检测其在神经元中的表达。方法采用PCR方法获得GluR2基因启动子区目的片段（-298～＋283）,双酶切后插入到pGL3-Basic载体中构成重组表达载体,使萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因的表达受GluR2启动子控制。将构建的重组表达载体或pGL3-Basic载体分别与内参质粒pRL—CMV（表达海肾荧光素酶）共转染原代培养皮质神经元,24h后用双荧光检测试剂盒测定萤火虫荧光素酶及海肾荧光素酶活性。结果重组表达载体经双酶切及测序鉴定证明构建正确,该重组表达载体在神经元中特异性高表达萤火虫荧光素酶。结论成功构建大鼠GluR2基因启动子控制的萤火虫荧光素酶表达载体,并检测到该载体在神经元中的特异性表达。     

Characterization of a first domain of human high glycine-tyrosine and high sulfur keratin-associated protein (KAP) genes on chromosome 21q22.1

Analysis of the EBI/GeneBank(TM) data base using non-human hair keratin-associated protein (KAP) cDNA sequences as a query resulted in the identification of a first domain of high glycine-tyrosine and high sulfur KAP genes located on human chromosome 21q22.1. This domain, present on the DNA accession numbers and, was approximately 535 kb in size and contained 17 high glycine-tyrosine and 7 high sulfur KAP genes, as well as 9 KAP pseudogenes. Based on amino acid sequence comparisons of the encoded proteins, the KAP genes could be divided into seven high glycine-tyrosine gene families (KAP6-KAP8, and KAP19-KAP22) and four high sulfur gene families (KAP11, KAP13, KAP15, and KAP23). The high glycine-tyrosine genes described here appear to represent the complete set of this type of KAP genes present in the human genome. Both systematic cDNA isolation studies from an arrayed scalp cDNA library and in situ hybridization expression studies of all of the KAP genes identified in the 21q22.1 region revealed varying degrees and regions of expression of 11 members of the high tyrosine-glycine genes and 6 members of the high sulfur KAP genes in the hair forming compartment.     

Diversity of the glycine/tyrosine-rich keratin-associated protein 6 gene (<Emphasis Type="Italic">KAP6</Emphasis>) family in sheep

Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are structural components of wool and variation in them may affect wool characteristics. In this study, we used PCR-SSCP to analyse the ovine KAP6 family which encodes glycine and tyrosine-rich KAPs. Five unique PCR-SSCP patterns were detected in the 250 sheep investigated. Between two and five patterns were observed in individual sheep and none with only one pattern was detected. This suggests the amplicons were heterogeneous and derived from more than one locus. To analyse these heterogeneous PCR amplicons, a sequencing approach using SSCP to separate individual amplified sequences, was developed. Using this approach, five DNA sequences (A–E) representing five unique PCR-SSCP patterns were obtained. D was identical to a published ovine KAP6-1 sequence (GenBank accession no. M95719), whereas the others were novel, but the closest homology was with KAP6 sequences from human, sheep, goats and cattle. The five ovine KAP6 sequences could be assigned into three distinct groups. B and D were identical to each other, with the exception of a 57-bp deletion/insertion and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3′-UTR region. These appear to be allelic variants of ovine KAP6-1. A and C could form another group, as they were similar to each other (with only one synonymous SNP), but different to the other sequences. This group appears to be related to a sheep KAP6 amino acid sequence, and represent allelic variation at another KAP6 locus (designated KAP6-2). The remaining sequence E did not show high sequence homology with either the KAP6-1 or KAP6-2 sequences, but exhibited homology with a bovine KAP6-3 sequence, with the exception of a deletion/insertion of 30 nucleotides. This suggests that E represents ovine KAP6-3. This sequence was detected in only 11% of the sheep investigated, suggesting either a KAP6-3 null allele, or failure to amplify allleles. These results suggest that ovine KAP6 is a complex gene family, that is not only comprised multiple loci, but that is also polymorphic.