广西环江县毛南族九个短串联重复序列基因座的遗传学分析

为了了解广西环江毛南族人群无关个体的九个短串联重复序列:vWA,D18S51,D5S818,FGA,D8S1179,D21S11,D7S820,D3S1358,D13S317基因座的遗传多态性分布情况;本文用枸橼酸钠抗凝法采集广西环江县毛南族200份无亲缘关系的健康个体的血样,Chelex-100方法提取DNA,应用AmpFlSTRIdentifilerTM荧光标记复合扩增技术对血样DNA的九个STR基因座进行扩增,用ABI 3100型遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测。结果显示九个STR位点的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,累积非父排除率达0.999996,累积个体识别能力达0.99999999996,多态信息总量为0.9999985。结论:广西环江县毛南族人群有自身的STR等位基因分布特征,所获数据可为法医学个体识别、亲子鉴定及群体的遗传学研究提供依据。     

应用15个STRs揭示广西4个少数民族的遗传关系

为研究广西仫佬、毛南、苗和瑶族的15个短串联重复序列（STR）基因座的遗传多态性,探讨这4个民族群体的遗传差异和进化关系。通过PCR-STR及测序仪,检测了广西4个民族766例无关个体的15个STR位点基因频率的分布并比较各民族间的差异,计算遗传学参数、遗传距离和构建系统进化树。结果显示：仫佬、毛南、苗和瑶族的15个STR位点分别共检出135,134,148,145种等位基因和424,432,445,436种基因型;各民族的平均Ho〉0.7,累积DP,EPP和PIC均在0.99999以上;毛南族和苗族,瑶族和其他民族间在多数位点的基因频率分布上存在显著差异,而仫佬族和毛南族或苗族间在多数位点上不存在差异;4个民族在进化树上被分为两组,仫佬族和毛南族聚成一组,苗族和瑶族聚成另一组。说明广西仫佬、毛南、苗和瑶族的15个STR基因座具有高度的遗传多态性,实用价值较高,是一组可用于人类群体遗传学、法医学个体识别和亲子鉴定等研究的有力工具;4个民族STR的遗传差异性和遗传关系与他们的语言文化和民族历史基本一致。     

不同亲子鉴定试剂盒对D7S820基因座稀有等位基因检测结果比较

目的：观察分析用不同亲子鉴定试剂盒对D7S820基因座稀有等位基因检测结果的差异。方法：280名不同个体的血样DNA提取和基因型检测,按中华人民共和国公共安全行业标准GA／T382—2002和GA／T383—2002进行;分别用Identifiler试剂盒（美国AB公司）、PowerPlex 18Dsystem试剂盒（美国普洛麦格公司）、GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒（北京基点认知技术有限公司）,经PCR复合扩增STR基因座,用AB公司DNA序列分析仪电泳分离扩增产物和激光扫描分析。结果：检测到280名不同个体的常用常染色体STR基因座的等位基因。,其中六份样本在D7S820基因座上,Identifiler试剂盒检测的基因型与PowerPlex 18D—system和GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒检测的基因型结果有差异。结论：不同厂家生产的试剂盒检测常用常染色体D7S820基因座的稀有等位基因存在有一定误差。     

新疆4个民族STR基因座遗传多态性研究

对新疆维吾尔放族,锡伯族,乌孜别克族,柯尔克孜族4个民族的400份样本和40个家系进行STR基因扫描,基因分型和遗传结构分析。获得了4个民族STR遗传特征及遗传方式等的科学数据。结果为9个STR基因座上维吾尔族有66种STR等位基因,148种基因型;锡伯族有72种STR等位基因,163种基因型;乌孜别克族有65种TSR等位基因,168种基因型;柯尔克孜族有71种STR等位基因,191种基因型,用新疆4个民族的数据和汉族人群,美国高加索人群,美国黑人相比较发现,中国民族遗传特征数据之间差异不显著,而和国外民族相比差异显著,进一步证明中华民族是一个不可分割的大家庭。     

9号染色体10个STR基因座的遗传制图

运用小规模实验初步探讨了以中国人群为基础的遗传图绘制工作的必要性。18个无关汉族3代家系共131份血样采自甘肃省白银地区,常规PCR扩增9号染色体的10个STR基因座,采用非变性聚丙烯酰凝胶电泳分析。PCR产物经克隆测序确定核心序列重复次数,采用标准命名法命名各等位基因,用POPGENE软件包计算各基因座等位基因频率,并进行Hardy-Weiberg平衡检验,用Linkage软件包进行各基因座之间连锁关系分析。根据连锁分析结果绘制了中国人群由10个STR基因座构成的9号染色体遗传图。基于中国人群体的9号染色体10个STR连分析锁分析结果与GDB检索结果之间存在较显著的差异,这种差异同时表现在个别基因座之间和0号染色体遗传图总长度上。男、女遗传结果之间在较显著的差异,这种差异同时表现在个别基因之间和9号染色体总长度上。男、女遗传图总长度为129．21cM和178．4cM,均大高加索入。说明了在运用GDB数据之前,有必要根据实验群体进行基因座的初步评估,并且有必要对基于中国人群体的遗传图进行进一步的研究。     

ABO血型异常遗传的肯定亲子案例分析

目的：对ABO血型遗传异常而DNA多态性检测又肯定亲生血缘关系案例进行分析,探究特殊案例的原因,与同行共享。方法：收集近几年芙蓉司法鉴定中心违反ABO血型遗传规律的三个案例,通过PCR复合扩增和ABI3130遗传分析仪对3个亲子鉴定案例8份血样本进行检测。双亲进行了15个常染色体STR基因位点,单亲进行了22个常染色体STR基因位点分析。结果：三个案例均极强力支持父母（父亲）与孩子之间存在亲生血缘关系。结论：凭违反ABO血型遗传规律排除亲生血缘关系显然是不行的,必须以DNA多态性检测为判断标准。     

BALB/c小鼠遗传质量检测的新方法

目的比较随即扩增多态性方法（RAPD）、微卫星方法（STR）与生化标记方法对近交系小鼠遗传质量检测的差异,为近交系动物遗传质量控制提供一种分子生物学方法。方法提取近交系小鼠BALB/c基因组DNA,用6条RAPD引物和20对STR引物对其进行PCR扩增,用生化标记法检测13个位点。结果在6条RAPD引物中,引物2（p2）、引物3（p3）、引物5（p5）和引物6（p6）这四条引物扩增的条带出现差异,表现为不同的RAPD图谱;在20对STR引物中,引物2、4、10和11,这四对引物扩增的条带出现差异,表现为不同的STR图谱;13个生化标记位点中,过氧化氢酶-2（Ce-2）等6个生化位点发现杂合基因。结论RAPD和STR可用于验证生化标记方法的实验结果,并用于保证近交系动物的遗传质量。     

北京汉族群体30个常染色体InDel位点群体遗传学及法医学研究

为了调查30个 InDel 位点在中国北京汉族人群中的群体遗传学数据, 并评估其法医学应用价值, 文章采集210名北京汉族无关健康个体外周血样, 提取样本DNA, 采用Investigator ® DIPplex 体系对HLD77等30个InDel 位点进行复合扩增, ABI3130 XL 遗传分析仪进行基因分型, 计算常用法医学参数, 分析群体遗传差异。经 Bonferroni 校正, 30个InDel 位点不存在连锁不平衡现象, 基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg 平衡; 各位点DP值为0.2690~0.6330, 累积个体识别力(TDP)为0.999999999985; 三联体累积非父排除率(CPEtrio)为0.98771049, 二联体累积非父排除率(CPEduo)为0.94579456。32例 STR 基因座发生突变的家系样本调查证实上述 InDel 位点未发现突变。结果表明, Investigator® DIPplex 试剂盒中包含的30个InDel 位点在北京汉族群体中具有较好的遗传多态性, 在 STR 存在突变及微量DNA检材等特殊检案中可作为有效的补充检测体系。     

云南怒族STR基因座遗传多态性研究

本文选择9个STR基因座和Amelogenin基因座,利用基因测序,采用基因扫描技术,对云南怒族聚集地区84名无关个体血样进行研究,建立了云南怒族9个STR基因座的基因频率数据库。用χ2检验,9个STR基因座基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。与其他民族资料一样,本课题所获得的云南怒族9个STR基因座数据是一组有价值的DNA多态性遗传标记资料。为建立我国不同民族STR基因数据库提供了资料。 Abstract:In this study,blood samples were randomly drawn from 84 unrelated Nu individuals.The polymorphism of nine STR loci and Amelogenin locus were determined by DNA GeneScan.The genetic database on the distribution of gene frequency on the nine STR loci was established,statistical results showed that the genotype distributions were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equation.Compared with other population,the results in our study were of great value in human DNA genetic data instant method with the characteristics of precision and sensitivity.     

中国广西壮族9个STR基因座遗传多态性研究

选择9个STR基因座（D3S1358、vWA、FGA、TH01、TPOX、CSF1PO、D5S818、D13S317、D7S820）,采用四色荧光标记STR基因扫描技术,对中国广西壮族的群体遗传多态性进行研究,检测91名无关个体血液样本,共检出62种等位片段,其频率分布在0．0054－0．5495之间;检出169种基因型,其频率分布在0．0110－0．3297之间。9个STR基因座的基因型频率期望与观察值均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（P＞0．05）。9个基因座多态信息量（polymorphic information content)PIC≥0．6088,杂合度（heterozygosity)H≥0．8165。计算种族,民族之间的遗传距离并对之进行比较,结果显示,中国广西壮族与美国白人及美国黑人存在显著差异,与黑人之间的差异大于与白人之间的差异;广西壮族与西安汉族的关系近于与其他少数民族的关系,种族民族之间的聚类分析结果显示,现有资料分为黑种人,白种人和黄种人（我国各民族）3类。     

广西仫佬族9个STR的遗传多态性研究

本文采用PCR-STR及基因分型技术,研究广西仫佬族183例无关个体9个STR位点的遗传多态性分布,建立仫佬族群体的遗传学数据库。经统计分析,在9个STR位点共检出70种等位基因,其频率分布在0·0027~0·5301之间;207种基因型,其频率分布在0·0055~0·3388之间;平均杂合度为0·7298,平均多态信息总量为0·7016,累积个体识别力达0·999999999,累积非父排除率达0·999098。与不同民族比较结果显示:广西仫佬族与广西苗、回族及云南、北方各民族之间绝大多数基因座存在显著差异,而与广西壮族和湖南汉族之间绝大多数基因座均无差异。以上数据可为群体遗传学、法医学及人类学等研究提供重要的资料。     

中国东乡族9个STR基因座遗传多态性研究

选择9个STR基因座,采用四色荧光标记STR基因扫描技术,对中国甘肃省特有民族——东乡族的群体遗传多态性进行研究。同时检测94个无关个体血液样本,共检出72种等位基因,基因频率的分布在0.0053~0.5825之间;检出182种基因型,基因型频率分布在0.0106~0.2660之间;9个STR位点基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（P＞0.05）。9个STR位点多态信息量（polymorphism information content,PIC）均大于0.6378,杂合度(heterozygosity,H) 均大于0.6500,个体识别力(discrimination power,DP)均大于0.8216,非父排除率(probabilities of paternity exclusion,PPE) 均大于 0.4903。种族比较结果显示,甘肃东乡族与白种人及黑种人在绝大多数位点存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,而9个STR位点与汉族群体的遗传差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。研究结果丰富了中华民族基因数据库,在人类群体遗传学及法医学研究领域有重要应用价值。 Abstract:Genetic distribution for nine STR loci was determined in a Chinese Dongxing ethnic group based on STR genescan marked by fluorescence.Seventy-Two alleles and 182 genotypes were observed in 94 unrelated Chinese Dongxiang individuals,with the corresponding gene frequency and genotype frequency being 0.0053~0.5825 and 0.0106~0.2660 respectively.The genotypes of nine STR loci were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05).The statistical analysis of nine STR loci showed PIC( polymorphism information content,PIC)≥0.6378,H(heterozygosity,H) ≥0.6500,DP (discrimination power,DP) ≥0.8216,PPE(probabilities of paternity exculation,PPE) ≥0.4903.The result indicated that there was a significant difference between Dongxiang ethnic group and the white and the black.There was no significant difference in Han nationality.These result filled the Dongxiang ethnic group-a specific group of Chinese into the genetic database and played an important role in Chinese population genetic study and forensic medicine application.     

Genetic analysis of the Utah population: a comparison of STR and VNTR loci

Genetic data are reported for nine short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820) and six variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci (D2S44, D10S28, D4S139, D1S7, D5S110, and D17S79) in samples of Utah African Americans, European Americans, and Hispanics. Little evidence of departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or gametic equilibrium was found in these populations. Because of their relatively higher mutation rates, the VNTR loci exhibited higher average heterozygosity and lower FST levels than did the STR loci. Genetic distance analysis showed congruence between the two types of systems, and a genetic distance analysis of the STR data showed that the three Utah populations are genetically similar to the same ethnic groups in other parts of the United States. In addition, this analysis showed that the African American population is the most genetically divergent, with greater similarity between the Hispanic and European American populations. This analysis demonstrates a high degree of consistency for population designations commonly used in forensic analysis.     

中国朝鲜族9个STR基因座遗传多态性研究

为丰富中华民族基因数据库,获取中国吉林省特有少数民族--朝鲜族D3S1358、vWA、FGA、TH01、TPOX、CSF1PO、D5S818、D13S317、D7S820等9个STR基因座的群体遗传数据。采用四色荧光标记STR基因扫描技术,检测91个无关个体血液样本。结果共检出81种等位基因,其基因频率分布在0.0055~0.4615之间;共检出196种基因型,其基因型频率分布在0.0110~0.9890之间。9个STR基因座基因型频率观察值与期望值均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（P＞0.05）。9个基因座的多态信息量PIC（polymorphic information content）分布于0.6863~0.8807之间,杂合度H（heterozygosity）分布于0.6919~0.8809之间,个体识别力DP（discrimination power）分布于0.8301~0.9670之间,非父排除率PPE（probability of paternity exclusion）分布于0.8590~0.9942之间。研究结果可应用于人类群体遗传学及法医学研究等领域。 Genetic Polymorphism of 9 STR loci in Chaoxian National Minority of China GAO Ya1,JIN Tian-bo1,LAI Jiang-hua1,CHEN Teng1,ZHENG Hai-bo1,ZHU Bo-feng1,HU Song-nian2,WANG Jian2,LI Sheng-bin1 1.Forensic Laboratory of Ministry of Health of Xi'an Jiaotong University,710061,Xi'an China; 2.Beijing Huada Genomics Institute( Beijing Airport Industrial Zone B-6),101300,Beijing,China Abstract:In order to enrich the Chinese genetic database,nine polymorphic loci of STR,such as D3S1358,vWA,FGA,TH01,TPOX,CSF1PO,D5S818,D13S317 and D7S820 were studied.Based on STR gene scan marked by fluorescence,91 unrelated Chinese Chaoxian individuals were observed.81 alleles and 196 genotypes were found.The corresponding gene frequency and genotype frequency were 0.0055~0.4615 and 0.0110~0.9890 respectively.The genogypes frequency of nine STR loci was good with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P＞0.05）.The statistical analysis of nine STR loci showed the following：PIC（polymorphic information content）≥0.6863,H（heterozygosity）≥0.6919,DP（discrimination power）≥0.8301,EPP（probability of paternity exclusion）≥0.8590.The data studied can be used in Chinese population genetic studies and forensic medicine applications. Key words：Chaoxian groups of China;STRs;gene scan;genetic polymorphism     

中国汉族人群(西安)STR基因扫描与遗传结构

选择9种STR基因位点和Amelogenin基因位点,以测序为基础,研究我国汉族人群STR遗传结构.采用基因自动测序仪建立了10个位点基因分析方法,通过对汉族群体的基因扫描、基因分型和遗传结构分析,获得了STR基因传递特征的大量基因遗传数据,在汉族人群DP为1.05×10-0,EPP为0.9998,为建立我国不同民族STR基因数据库、基因资源研究与保护奠定了基础,为生物考古、基因诊断、性别鉴定、个人识别,司法审判、侦察破案提供有力的科学依据.     

Genetic variability and discriminating power of four microsatellite loci in Russian population

Allele and genotype frequencies of 4 STR loci (LPL, vWA, FES/FPS H F 13B), used in forensic medicine, were analyzed in Russian Siberian population. Genetic and molecular diversity of these polymorphic systems were characterized in comparison with US Caucasoid population. High discriminating power (PD = 0.99975) of the system of four studied STR loci was shown. Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Russian population and Caucasoid US population revealed the significant differences between two populations and demonstrated that STR frequency data for US population should not be used for forensic expertise in Russia. The data obtained in the current investigation may be used as reference data for forensic medicine laboratories in Siberia.     

Phylogenetic relationship of the populations within and around Japan using 105 short tandem repeat polymorphic loci

We have analyzed 105 autosomal polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci for nine East and South-eastern Asian populations (two Japanese, five Han Chinese, Thai, and Burmese populations) and a Caucasian population using a multiplex PCR typing system. All the STR loci are genomewide tetranucleotide repeat markers of which the total number of observed alleles and the observed heterozygosity were 756 and 0.743, respectively, for Japanese populations. Phylogenetic analysis for these allele frequency data suggested that the Japanese populations are more closely related with southern Chinese populations than central and/or northern ones. STRUCTURE program analysis revealed the almost clearly divided and accountable population structure at K=2–6, that the two Japanese populations always formed one group separated from the other populations and never belong to different groups at K≥3. Furthermore, our new allele frequency data for 91 loci were analyzed with those for 52 worldwide populations published by previous studies. Phylogenetic and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses indicated that Asian populations with large population size (six Han Chinese, three Japanese, two Southeast Asia) formed one distinct cluster and are closer to each other than other ethnic minorities in east and Southeast Asia. This pattern may be the caviar of comparing populations with greatly differing population sizes when STR loci were analyzed.     

Genetic variation at five trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeat loci in four human population groups.

Trimeric and tetrameric short tandem repeats (STRs) represent a rich source of highly polymorphic markers in the human genome that may be studied with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We report the analysis of a multilocus genotype survey of 97-380 chromosomes in U.S. Black, White, Mexican-American, and Asian populations at five STR loci located on chromosomes 1, 4, 11, and X. The heterozygote frequencies of the loci ranged from 0.36 to 0.91 and the number of alleles from 6 to 20 for the 20 population and locus combinations. Relative allele frequencies exhibited differences between populations and unimodal, bimodal, and complex distributions. Although deviations were noted at some locus-population test combinations, genotype data from the loci were consistent overall with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by three tests. Population subheterogeneity within each ethnic group was not detected by two additional tests. No mutations were detected in a total of 860 meioses for two loci studied in the CEPH kindreds and five loci studied in other families. An indirect estimate of the mutation rates gave values from 2.3 x 10(-5) to 15.9 x 10(-5) for the five loci. Higher mutation rates appear to be associated with greater numbers of tandem repeats in the core motif. The most frequent genotype for all five loci combined appears to have a frequency of 7.59 x 10(-4). Together, these results suggest that trimeric and tetrameric STR loci are useful markers for the study of new mutations and genetic linkage analysis and for application to personal identification in the medical and forensic sciences.