重组极耐热木聚糖酶和重组极耐热漆酶协同漂白麦草浆

利用来自海栖热袍茵的重组极耐热木聚糖酶XynB和来自嗜热栖热菌Thermus thermophilus HB27的重组极耐热漆酶Tth-laccase对麦草浆进行协同漂白。结果表明,当未漂浆经XL漂序处理(X:重组木聚糖酶用量20 U/g绝干浆,pH 5.8,温度90℃,浆浓8%,处理时间2 h;L:重组漆酶用量3 U/g绝干浆,pH 4.5,温度90℃,浆浓8%,处理时间1.5 h),可获得最佳漂白效果。与对照浆比较,XL处理使浆料白度提升11.5%ISO,卡伯值降低6.9。双酶协同处理在改善浆料可漂性的同时,对纸浆纤维强度无负面影响。在后续过氧化氢漂白段中,当漂终白度相近时,XL预处理浆可节省约50%H_2O_2消耗量。     

新型木聚糖酶辅助漂白杨木KP浆的研究

采用不同预处理pH 值对杨木硫酸盐浆进行了木聚糖酶漂白预处理.实验结果显示,AU 系列木聚糖酶比较适于杨木硫酸盐浆漂白预处理.木聚糖酶AU-1 最佳预处理pH 值为7,此条件下漂白浆白度为78.1%ISO,与未经过预处理的漂白浆相比,纸浆白度提高1.8%ISO ;木聚糖酶AU-2 最佳预处理pH 值为8,此条件下漂白浆白度为77.6%ISO,白度提高1.1%ISO ;木聚糖酶AU-3 的最佳预处理pH 值为8,此时纸浆的白度高达78.9%ISO,白度提高2.4%ISO.木聚糖酶AU-PE89 的最佳预处理pH 值为7,此时纸浆的白度高达79.5%ISO,白度提高2.7%ISO.AU-3 和AU-PE89 木聚糖酶助漂效果好于AU-1 和AU-2 木聚糖酶.AU 系列木聚糖酶预处理可改善纸浆漂白性能,减轻漂白污染.     

聚乙烯醇降解酶研究进展

聚乙烯醇是一种广泛应用的水溶性聚合物,尤其作为纺织浆料。由于其生物难降解性,对水体会造成较大的污染,因此得到较多的关注。对聚乙烯醇生物处理的研究主要集中在生物降解酶和生物降解机理上,特别是随着对环境友好的酶加工纤维技术的不断发展,利用聚乙烯醇降解酶进行纺织脱浆已引起较大的兴趣。已发现的聚乙烯醇降解酶主要包括:聚乙烯醇氧化酶(仲醇氧化酶)、聚乙烯醇脱氢酶、β双酮水解酶(氧化型聚乙烯醇水解酶)。聚乙烯醇降解酶催化聚乙烯醇的生物降解主要分为两步进行。聚乙烯醇酶脱浆技术不仅节省了脱浆能耗,而且提高了脱浆废水的生物可降解性。     

蔗渣浆CEH漂白废水的毒性及毒性污染负荷的研究

采用发光细菌法对蔗渣浆CEH三段漂白废水进行了毒性研究 ,其中C段废水的毒性最大 ,其EC50 为 2 8.83% ,属于强毒级别 ;E段、H段废水的EC50 分别为 6 8.92 %、2 6 7.9% ,分别属于毒、无毒级别 ;其中C段的毒性排放负荷约占总废水毒性排放负荷的 6 7.5 %左右 ;结果表明 ,漂白废水的毒性排放负荷较大 ,约为 4 2 3.92 (TU·m3 吨浆 ) ,相当于 4 2 .93(gHgCl2 吨浆 ) ,对其治理不容忽视     

漂白前后塔拉纤维剩余物的酶动力学分析

对塔拉纤维剩余物和漂白塔拉纤维剩余物的酶动力学进行了研究,采用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数法对底物样品浓度倒数和酶促反应速度倒数作图构建米氏方程,通过计算两种底物的K_m值,即塔拉纤维剩余物K_m为12.73 mg·mL^-1,漂白塔拉纤维剩余物K_m为192 mg·mL^-1,表明塔拉纤维剩余物比漂白后的塔拉纤维剩余物更适合做纤维素酶的酶解底物;红外光谱图分析表明漂白塔拉纤维剩余物中木质素成分含量明显降低。     

L-山梨糖发酵产生维生素C前体——2-酮基-L-古龙酸的研究II．发酵条件的研究

对产生维生素C前体2-酮基-L-古龙酸的优良菌株N1197 A,进行了一系列摇并条件试验。掭加玉米浆及尿素是提高产酸的有效手段,尿素浓度以0.5—0.8％为好,确定了培养基组成(％)为：K2HP4．0.07、KH2PO4 0．03,甘油 0.2,MgSO4．·7H2O 0.01, 轻体CaCO3 0.5,玉米浆0.5,尿素(0.5,自来水配制,自然pH。在碳酸钙添加试验中,当培养基中有尿素时,不加碳酸钙与加碳酸钙产酸量相同。 分批补加尿素或(NH4)2HPO4．使发酵液pH保持在6—6.5,产酸量随着补加次数加多而增加。在发酵过程中,补加尿素调节发酵液pH是本发酵的特点。     

不同去龋技术在乳牙龋病治疗中的应用疗效分析

目的:比较传统机械切割法、非创伤性充填法(atraumatic restorative treatment,ART)和Carisolv化学法在临床乳牙龋病治疗中的应用效果差异。方法:选取2011年1月-2012年6月来我科就诊的5-8岁儿牙患者96名,患牙180颗,随机分为3个不同的治疗组:传统机械去龋组、ART组和Carisolv化学去龋组进行相应牙体充填治疗,通过去龋效果、去龋时间、术中疼痛发生率和术后长期疗效等方面比较不同去龋技术之间的差异。结果:常规机械去龋组和Carisolv组的去龋效果明显优于ART组(P0.05),二者之间无明显差异(P0.05);3种去龋方法的去龋操作时间无明显差异(P0.05);Carisolv组和ART组去龋治疗中患儿术中疼痛发生例数明显低于常规机械去龋组(P0.05),二者之间无明显差异(P0.05);治疗1年后的复诊发现,常规机械去龋组和Carisolv组中患牙继发龋发生率明显低于ART组(P0.05),二者之间无明显差异(P0.05);三种方法治疗后患牙充填物折断/脱落发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:Carisolv化学去龋法能有效减轻术中疼痛和术后复发率,值得在临床乳牙治疗中推广应用;ART的去龋效果和远期疗效可能限制其广泛应用。     

绿色糖单孢菌降解木质纤维胞外酶的分泌条件及其生物漂白研究

以一株耐热耐碱放线菌-绿色糖单孢菌（Saccharomonospora viridis）为研究对象,探讨其产胞外木素过氧化物酶、木聚糖酶、纤维素酶的优化发酵条件。结果表明,其最佳碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨,最佳接种量为1％,不同的诱导底物对三种木质纤维降解酶有不同的诱导效果,其中麦草浆的诱导效果最好。在培养基中添加0．01mol／L的Mn^2＋和0．1％的土温80能够显著促进木质纤维降解酶的产生。在pH8．0,45℃条件下,培养120h后木素过氧化物酶的酶活达到最大0．36U／mL,培养156h后木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的酶活达到最大,最高酶活分别为18．46U／mL,10．42u／mL。用含有这三种酶的粗酶液对麦草烧碱蒽醌浆进行生物漂白表明,绿色糖单孢菌所产的木质纤维降解酶具有较好的漂白效果。     

活细胞内以光漂白荧光损失(FLIP)技术分析HuR蛋白的应激动力学行为

人类抗原R(human antigen R,HuR)是一种多功能RNA结合蛋白,参与细胞应激颗粒(stress granules,SGs)的构成。SGs是细胞在受到外界环境刺激时在胞浆中形成的颗粒状结构。该研究是利用光漂白荧光损失(fl uorescence loss in photobleaching,FLIP)技术对活细胞内的HuR蛋白颗粒进行应激动力学分析。首先,利用脂质体将RFP-HuR重组质粒瞬时转染入HeLa细胞,以Western blot和细胞免疫荧光实验确定是否实现对于HuR蛋白的红色荧光蛋白(red fl uorecent protein,RFP)标记;然后以405 nm激光束脉冲式重复光漂白HuR应激颗粒,分别监测同一漂白细胞内的其他HuR颗粒以及核内荧光信号,并以邻近的未漂白细胞作为对照组。实验结果表明,转染重组质粒后可有效表达RFP-HuR融合蛋白,且与SGs标记蛋白G3BP存在共定位关系。在第一个光漂白循环,漂白区荧光密度便从2 500 a.u.降低至0 a.u.;而经过约12个漂白循环(240 s)后,邻近HuR颗粒的荧光密度从漂白前的1 800 a.u.左右降低并维持在200 a.u.左右,表明活细胞内的HuR颗粒呈现高度的动态性;而胞核区荧光密度亦从4 400 a.u.降低至2 000 a.u.左右,表明HuR蛋白是一种核浆穿梭蛋白,在SGs、胞浆及胞核之间存在一定的动态平衡。利用FLIP技术可以分析并比较SGs不同成分的应激动力学属性,有助于进行SGs相关临床疾病的分子机制探讨。     

宁夏草原-荒漠过渡区不同演替阶段主要建群植物体内碳酸钙含量特征

无定型碳酸钙对植物生长具有重要意义，草原-荒漠过渡区主要建群植物体内无定型碳酸钙含量特征目前尚不明确。本文测定了宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区和宁夏吴忠市红寺堡区主要植物叶片碳酸钙含量。结果表明：草本植物碳酸钙含量之间有显著差异，而灌木碳酸钙含量之间没有差异显著；对于草本植物，演替初期建群植物沙蓬(Agriophyllum squarrosum)和猪毛菜(Salsola collina)、演替中期建群植物赖草(Aneurolepidium dasystachys)和白草(Pennisetum centrasiaticum)、演替后期建群植物长芒草(Stipa bungeana)和糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa),随进展演替，不同演替阶段植物碳酸钙含量逐渐降低；典型草原演替后期建群种体内碳酸钙含量显著高于荒漠草原演替后期建群种；油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)幼龄阶段叶片碳酸钙含量显著高于成龄和老龄阶段，沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)、小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)和紫穗槐(Amorpha frutic...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.