长江宜昌段鲢的繁殖生物学特征

2014年3月至2016年9月在长江中下游宜昌江段共收集鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)样本433尾,进行繁殖生物学研究。该江段鲢的繁殖时间为每年的5月下旬至8月上旬,以6~7月为盛产期。繁殖群体体长310~927 mm,体重600~17 090 g,由3~7龄共5个年龄组组成,3龄群体数量上占绝对优势,占繁殖群体的45.2%。雌雄性比为1.43︰1,雌雄群体间体长-体重关系存在显著性差异(0.01P0.05)。采用Logistic方程推算出初次性成熟雌性个体体长为482.3 mm,体重为2 206.7 g;初次性成熟雄性个体体长为484.0 mm,体重1 677.5 g。卵径(1.01±0.12)mm,大小分布呈单峰型,为单批产卵型鱼类。绝对繁殖力(477 662±9 631)粒,相对繁殖力为(93.38±5.92)粒/g,绝对繁殖力随着鱼体长、体重增长而增大。与其他地理种群相比较,宜昌江段鲢总体表现为卵径相对较小而繁殖力较大。     

雅鲁藏布江黑斑原鮡繁殖生物学研究

对2004-2006年采集于雅鲁藏布江拉萨河的190尾黑斑原鮡进行了繁殖生物学研究。雄性最小性成熟(精巢Ⅳ期)个体体长141.7mm,体重45.2g,性体指数1.09%,雌性最小性成熟(卵巢Ⅳ期)个体体长146.8mm,体重66.7g性体指数11.52%,相应年龄均为5龄。初次性成熟年龄(L50):♂,170.1mm相应年龄为7龄;♀,150.2mm,相应年龄5龄。通过组织切片法和GSI的周年变化分析,繁殖时间集中在5-6月,每年繁殖一次,繁殖之后的6-8月卵巢从Ⅵ期回复到Ⅲ期,9月卵巢发育到Ⅳ期越冬。卵径频率分布显示,卵巢发育类型为分批同步型,卵巢中至少存在2批卵径,每年成熟一批卵并同时产出,产卵类型为完全同步产卵。卵黏性,成熟卵卵径在2.04-3.37mm之间,平均(2.83±0.16)mm。对19尾产卵前夕(体长为151.0-210.0mm)的标本进行统计,其绝对繁殖力范围在525-2058粒之间,平均为(1244±346)粒,相对繁殖力为(14.7±5.8)粒/g。绝对繁殖力与体长呈直线正相关,表达式为F=13.624L-1187。       

华南地区外来鱼类革胡子鲶的繁殖生物学

2011年8月—2015年8月在华南地区主要河流收集255尾革胡子鲶(Clarias gariepinus)样本,对其繁殖生物学特征进行研究。结果表明:革胡子鲶繁殖季节为5—8月,繁殖旺季为6—7月,卵径分布呈现明显的多峰型;成熟系数与脂肪系数和肥满度的周年变化存在相反的趋势;绝对繁殖力为2850~605720粒,均值234232±175498粒,与体长、体重和年龄呈正相关;相对繁殖力为20~445粒·g~(-1),均值165±99粒·g~(-1),随体长、体重和年龄的增加呈先增加后趋于稳定趋势;绝对繁殖力和相对繁殖力均大于常见的鲶科鱼类。繁殖群体性比为1∶1.12,符合1∶1比例;雌、雄鱼最小性成熟个体均为1龄,Ⅳ期性腺;雌鱼体长174 mm,体重119.5 g,成熟系数为8.50%;雄鱼体长205 mm,体重116.2 g,成熟系数为0.45%;繁殖群体以1和2龄鱼为主,分别占繁殖群体总数的42.28%和51.68%,以补充群体占优势;华南地区革胡子鲶野生种群具有分批产卵、相对繁殖力高、卵径小、性成熟年龄低的特征,有利于其迅速建立稳定的种群,应加强对革胡子鲶野生种群动态的监测力度,并进一步采取防控措施。     

张氏(餐)的繁殖生物学特性

文章对赤水河河口段张氏(餐)的繁殖生物学进行了研究.结果表明:5-9月份为其繁殖期;最小性成熟个体为雌性体长77mm,体重5.3g;雄性体长108mm,体重9.4g,均为1龄;繁殖群体性比为1.07:1,由4个年龄组组成,其中2龄个体占绝对优势.性成熟系数3-7月份逐渐增大,然后持续减小,至12月降到全年最小值.卵径(0.75±0.14)mm呈单峰型,绝对繁殖力(11010±7723)粒,相对繁殖力(275.1±138.4)粒/g,每克卵巢卵粒数(3789±1389)粒.该种为单批产卵类型鱼类.绝对繁殖力随着鱼体体长、体重和年龄的增长而增大.     

岷江眉山段四川华鳊的繁殖生物学资料

于2013年3月至2014年1月对岷江眉山段四川华鳊(Sinibrama taeniatus)的繁殖生物学进行了研究。四川华鳊的繁殖时间主要集中在4~5月份,最小性成熟雌性个体体长70 mm,体重7.1 g;最小性成熟雄性体长为65 mm,体重为4.5 g。四川华鳊种群性比(雌︰雄)为1.00︰1.57,主要由4个年龄组组成,其中1龄个体数量占绝对优势。性成熟系数4~5月份最大,同期丰满度最小。卵径(1.05±0.17)mm,大小分布呈单峰型,为单批产卵型鱼类。绝对繁殖力(2 734±258)粒,相对繁殖力为(236±20)粒/g,绝对繁殖力随着鱼体长、体重增长而增大。分析显示,选择适合的渔具、渔法对保护岷江眉山段四川华鳊自然种群资源十分重要。     

山美水库两种入侵罗非鱼繁殖生物学比较

为比较山美水库两种入侵齐氏罗非鱼(Coptodon zillii)和伽利略罗非鱼(Sarotherodon galilaeus)种群的繁殖生物学特征,于2021年3—10月份在山美水库逐月采样,分析了繁殖时间、性比、绝对繁殖力、相对繁殖力和成熟卵径等特征。结果表明,两种罗非鱼均于4月份开始繁殖,齐氏罗非鱼繁殖高峰为7月, 10月结束繁殖;伽利略罗非鱼繁殖高峰为6月, 9月结束繁殖。齐氏罗非鱼平均绝对繁殖力为(4009.85±1305.69)粒、平均体重相对繁殖力为(67.32±15.63)粒/g、平均体长相对繁殖力为(31.31±5.03)粒/mm;伽利略罗非鱼平均绝对繁殖力为(1701.85±591.29)粒、平均体重相对繁殖力为(6.46±0.87)粒/g、平均体长相对繁殖力为(8.22±2.33)粒/mm;齐氏罗非鱼的绝对繁殖力、体重相对繁殖力和体长相对繁殖力均显著高于伽利略罗非鱼,平均成熟卵径则显著小于伽利略罗非鱼。齐氏罗非鱼和伽利略罗非鱼繁殖群体的雌雄性比分别为1.59和1.83,两个种群的雌雄性比无显著差异,但均显著偏离1﹕1。研究表明两种共同入侵的罗非鱼种群具有不同的繁殖...     

锦江翘嘴鲌的繁殖生物学特征

对2015年1月至12月采集于锦江的翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)进行了繁殖生物学特征的研究。锦江的翘嘴鲌繁殖期集中在6~7月,属分批产卵类型。繁殖群体年龄在3+龄至6+龄之间,体长250~537 mm,体重184.9~2 587.5 g。雌雄性比1.14︰1,体表差异表现在泄殖孔和腹部膨胀程度,雌雄群体间体长-体重关系存在显著性差异(0.01P0.05)。性成熟雌鱼绝对繁殖力25 067~54 274粒,相对繁殖力24.2~36.9粒/g,平均卵径(1.1±0.3)mm。性成熟系数在1~5月份逐渐增大,6月明显上升,7月达到最高峰,8月显著下降,9~12月逐渐趋于平缓。采用Logistic方程推算了初次性成熟个体特征,雄性体长273 mm,体重192.0 g,年龄3.4龄;雌性体长311 mm,体重249.4 g,年龄4.2龄。锦江种群繁殖期与其他地理种群相近,但绝对繁殖力和相对繁殖力明显偏小。     

大鳞裂峡鲃繁殖生物学特征

2009、2010和2013年在云南省西双版纳自治州勐腊县境内的南腊河共收集大鳞裂峡鲃(Hampala macrolepidota)样本438尾。研究结果表明:大鳞裂峡鲃雌性群体初次性成熟体长228 mm、体重270.3 g,雄性群体初次性成熟体长205 mm、体重172.5 g,对应年龄均为4龄。大鳞裂峡鲃雌、雄繁殖群体的成熟系数年度变化趋势基本一致。成熟系数值在1月、3月、4月呈逐渐增大趋势,5月显著上升,6月达到最高峰,7月急速下降,8月至9月趋于平缓。繁殖活动每年4月开始,一直可持续至10月,主要集中在5~6月。大鳞裂峡鲃雌雄性比为1︰1.19,与鲃亚科其他部分鱼类雌性数量多于雄性的情况相反;繁殖盛期则雌性数量多于雄性。繁殖群体由4~8龄共5个年龄组组成,雌、雄群体均以5龄组所占比例最大。大鳞裂峡鲃属单次产卵鱼类。平均卵径1.18 mm;绝对繁殖力为63 393粒,相对繁殖力为70.04粒/g。与鲃亚科其他部分鱼类比较,大鳞裂峡鲃的卵径相对较小而繁殖力较大。     

雅鲁藏布江中游双须叶须鱼群体繁殖力与繁殖策略研究（英文）

双须叶须鱼Ptychobarbus dipogon隶属裂腹鱼亚科,叶须鱼属,是西藏特有经济鱼类,研究通过对其繁殖力和繁殖策略的研究,旨在为双须叶须鱼的科学保护和合理开发提供理论依据。于2013年2月至3月以及2014年2月中旬至6月中旬,在雅鲁藏布江中游区段采集到1030尾双须叶须鱼,雄鱼体长主要集中在325—400 mm,雌鱼体长主要集中在375 mm以上,其中Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期的雌鱼65尾,体长为320—500 mm,体重为411.6—1328.0 g。采用SL50%的方法,雌鱼初次性成熟体长为360.90 mm,初次性成熟年龄为13.0龄;雄鱼初次性成熟体长为354.53 mm,初次性成熟年龄为13.5龄。从不同月份不同性腺发育期所占比例,不同月份的性体指数变化以及不同月份卵径分布图,可以看出双须叶须鱼属于同步产卵类型,集中在2—4月份。双须叶须鱼平均绝对繁殖力为3487粒,平均相对体长繁殖力为7.2粒/mm,平均相对体重繁殖力为4.3粒/g,绝对繁殖力与体长、体重呈正相关,与年龄无显著相关性。群体性比为1.23鲶1。综上所述,双须叶须鱼是繁殖力较低、性成熟较晚和繁殖期较短的鱼类,我们针对其繁殖特性提出了一些保护性建议。     

雅鲁藏布江中游双须叶须鱼群体繁殖力与繁殖策略研究

双须叶须鱼Ptychobarbus dipogon隶属裂腹鱼亚科, 叶须鱼属, 是西藏特有经济鱼类, 研究通过对其繁殖力和繁殖策略的研究, 旨在为双须叶须鱼的科学保护和合理开发提供理论依据。于2013年2月至3月以及2014年2月中旬至6月中旬, 在雅鲁藏布江中游区段采集到1030尾双须叶须鱼, 雄鱼体长主要集中在325—400 mm, 雌鱼体长主要集中在375 mm以上, 其中Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期的雌鱼65尾, 体长为320—500 mm, 体重为411.6—1328.0 g。采用SL50%的方法, 雌鱼初次性成熟体长为360.90 mm, 初次性成熟年龄为13.0龄; 雄鱼初次性成熟体长为354.53 mm, 初次性成熟年龄为13.5龄。从不同月份不同性腺发育期所占比例, 不同月份的性体指数变化以及不同月份卵径分布图, 可以看出双须叶须鱼属于同步产卵类型, 集中在2—4月份。双须叶须鱼平均绝对繁殖力为3487粒, 平均相对体长繁殖力为7.2粒/mm, 平均相对体重繁殖力为4.3粒/g, 绝对繁殖力与体长、体重呈正相关, 与年龄无显著相关性。群体性比为1.23 鲶1。综上所述, 双须叶须鱼是繁殖力较低、性成熟较晚和繁殖期较短的鱼类, 我们针对其繁殖特性提出了一些保护性建议。     

Pollen,ovules, and pollination in pea: Success,failure, and resilience in heat

Field pea (Pisum sativum), a major grain legume crop, is autogamous and adapted to temperate climates. The objectives of this study were to investigate effects of high temperature stress on stamen chemical composition, anther dehiscence, pollen viability, pollen interactions with pistil and ovules, and ovule growth and viability. Two cultivars (“CDC Golden” and “CDC Sage”) were exposed to 24/18°C (day/night) continually or to 35/18°C for 4 or 7 days. Heat stress altered stamen chemical composition, with lipid composition of “CDC Sage” being more stable compared with “CDC Golden.” Heat stress reduced pollen viability and the proportion of ovules that received a pollen tube. After 4 days at 35°C, pollen viability in flower buds decreased in “CDC Golden,” but not in “CDC Sage.” After 7 days, partial to full failure of anthers to dehisce resulted in subnormal pollen loads on stigmas. Although growth (ovule size) of fertilized ovules was stimulated by 35°C, heat stress tended to decrease ovule viability. Pollen appears susceptible to stress, but not many grains are needed for successful fertilization. Ovule fertilization and embryos are less susceptible to heat, but further research is warranted to link the exact degree of resilience to stress intensity.     

Love, careers, and heights in France, 2001

Short men are less likely to be married or live in a permanent relationship than their taller counterparts. This pattern is not due to their social status. While blue-collar workers are shorter on average than managers, the effects of height on finding a mate are similar in the two social groups. Being tall is also economically advantageous for men. With identical educational attainment levels, tall men have better careers than short men as they are given greater supervisory responsibilities. In making a commitment, some women might take height into account as an anticipated indicator of future resources of the household. Choice of partner is also influenced by social norms--i.e., partners should be physically well-matched--which is more difficult for shorter men.     

Magnesium,calcium, copper,and zinc in meals

Meals of 12 diets were prepared from conventional foods with precautions against contamination by metallic elements because of epidemiologic associations between ischemic heart disease and the metabolism of magnesium, calcium, copper, and zinc. Magnesium, calcium, copper, and zinc were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry with satisfactory accuracy and precision. The mean daily amount of copper in the diets was less than the apparent adult requirement. Mean amounts of magnesium and zinc were close to apparent requirements; however, adults consuming amounts less than one standard deviation below these means may be depleting body stores and be at risk of pathology. Magnesium and copper were highly correlated (r=0.849,P=0.0001) in meals. This and other significant correlations probably will prevent the relationships of these elements to ischemic heart disease from being elucidated by epidemiology. Metabolic experiments will be necessary to differentiate among several hypotheses.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Diet,intestinal morphology,and nitrogen assimilation efficiency in the damselfish,Stegastes lividus,in Guam

Synopsis Analysis of stomach contents of Stegastes lividus revealed a shift from omnivory in juveniles to herbivory in adults. Red algae, primarily Polysiphonia spp., Gelidiopsis intricata and Ceramium spp., formed the bulk of the diet in all size classes. Foraminifera and small crustaceans were of particular importance in the diet of juveniles. Net nitrogen assimilation efficiency of field-fed S. lividus was approximately 61%, and did not vary with fish size. The net assimilation efficiencies of fish fed on Enteromorpha in the laboratory ranged from size-class means of 36–79% for nitrogen and from 29–72% for total organic material, and increased from juveniles to adults. Apparently, juveniles compensate for a lower efficiency in assimilating plant food by including a higher percentage of animal material in their natural diets. The ratios of intestine length to standard length (IL/SL) and to intestine diameter (IL/ID) increased rapidly in juveniles and leveled off in adults. The retention time for ingested food items may only be about one-half as long in juveniles as in adults. The combination of observed IL/ID ratios and estimated retention times proved most valuable in the interpretation of ontogenetic changes in feeding habits and assimilation efficiency.     

Correlations of calcium accumulations in arteries, veins, cartilages, ligaments, and bones in single humans

To show the relationships of calcium accumulation in the thoracic aorta to the other tissues, calcium contents were determined with a microwave-induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometer on arteries, veins, cartilages, ligaments, and bones. These tissues were resected from 18 individuals, consisting of 11 men and 7 women who died in the age range 59–91 yr. As thoracic and abdominal aortas are routinely used for radiographic examination of arterial calcification, they appear to be standard tissues of the calcium accumulation. The calcium accumulations were determined in the femoral artery, the superior and inferior venae cavae, the internal jugular vein, cartilages of the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint and the intervertebral disk, both the ligaments of the anterior cruciate ligament and the ligamentum capitis femoris, and the calcaneus, in contrast with the thoracic aorta. As calcium increased in the thoracic aorta, it increased in the femoral artery, the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint, the intervertebral disk, both ligaments of the anterior cruciate ligament, and the ligamentum capitis femoris, but it did not increase in veins, such as the superior and inferior venae cavae and the internal jugular vein. In contrast, it decreased in the calcaneus.     

Seroepidemiology of human parechovirus types 1, 3, and 6 in Yamagata,Japan, in 2014

To clarify the seroepidemiology of human parechovirus type 1 (HPeV1), 3 and 6, neutralizing antibodies (NT Abs) were measured in 214 serum specimens collected in 2014 in Yamagata, Japan. The seroprevalence against HPeV1 was 100% in all age groups, while that against HPeV3 and HPeV6 was 79.4% and 66.8%, respectively, overall. The geometric mean titers of NT Abs against HPeV1, 3 and 6 were 755.2, 255.0 and 55.9, respectively, overall. Our findings indicate that HPeV1 is the most prevalent HPeV circulating in Yamagata, followed by HPeV3 and HPeV6.