长江源区同域分布兔狲、藏狐和赤狐的时空重叠度

兔狲(Otocolobus manul)、藏狐(Vulpes ferrilata)和赤狐(V. vulpes)是青藏高原三江源区域分布的重要小型食肉兽。本研究于2014年6月至2019年9月在青海省长江源区沱沱河和通天河沿岸选取208个位点布设红外相机, 通过所获取的时空分布数据比较了上述3种同域分布小型食肉兽的时空利用情况。通过空间重叠度系数的比较分析, 兔狲和藏狐、兔狲和赤狐以及藏狐和赤狐之间的空间重叠度系数分别为0.25、0.48和0.17, 这表明兔狲、藏狐和赤狐三者在空间利用上存在一定的差异。通过核密度估计方法分析, 兔狲和藏狐属典型的昼行性动物, 而赤狐以夜行性活动为主。兔狲、藏狐和赤狐每个物种在冷暖两季的日活动节律重叠指数分别为0.83、0.78和0.88。两两比较分析表明, 兔狲和藏狐二者的日活动节律重叠指数最高(0.84), 兔狲和赤狐在夜间活动时段存在一定重叠(0.63), 而藏狐和赤狐的时间生态位分化最明显, 重叠指数最低(0.48)。此外, 在暖季, 两两物种之间的日活动节律重叠指数均小于其冷季的重叠指数。综上所述, 长江源区兔狲、藏狐和赤狐3种小型食肉兽可通过空间和时间资源的利用差异来降低物种间的干扰和竞争, 从而达到同域物种共存的目的。     

环长白山旅游公路对野生动物的影响

随着中国公路建设大规模向生态敏感区延伸,野生动物保护问题凸显.但目前国内公路对野生动物影响的系统研究较少.2008年11月-2012年2月,采用样线法、红外相机监测法等对毗邻长白山国家级自然保护区的环长白山旅游公路进行了动物致死、公路对动物的影响域、动物穿越公路、动物通道利用率等研究.结果表明:路域500 m范围内哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类和两栖类种类占到长白山自然保护区的42.86％、24.78％、66.67％和66.67％,国家级保护物种达11种(Ⅰ级2种,Ⅱ级9种);一共有59种3475个动物被致死,平均达到61.6个·100 km-1,两栖类最多,达到2996个;环长白山旅游公路对鸟类和哺乳类物种丰富度无影响,但鸟兽活动痕迹有向路域200 m范围集中趋势;10次冬季调查发现,13种动物穿越公路共502次,穿越次数最多的是黄鼬,达到169次,动物偏好于自然保护区段穿越公路(原始红松阔叶林段落);有6种中大型动物利用桥涵穿越公路,桥梁和涵洞利用率分别达到88％和44.2％,植被类型、人为干扰、通道尺寸都对通道利用率有影响.提出了具体的保护对策.     

利用红外相机监测甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区鸟兽物种多样性

为了系统掌握甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区野生动物的种类、数量、分布以及种群动态变化趋势, 我们于2017年8月至2019年9月, 在保护区选取3个样地布设60台红外相机, 对保护区兽类和鸟类多样性进行调查。红外相机累计观测29,147个工作日, 采集独立有效照片11,134张。共观测到兽类6目10科18种, 鸟类7目16科31种。国家I级重点保护野生动物有5种, 国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物有11种。兽类中相对多度较高的物种有蒙古兔(Lepus tolai, RAI = 12.749)、岩羊(Pseudois nayaur, RAI = 4.690)、北山羊(Capra sibirica, RAI = 4.333)、蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus, RAI = 3.163)、赤狐(Vulpes vulpes, RAI = 2.601), 分布最普遍的是赤狐和蒙古兔; 鸟类中相对多度较高的物种有石鸡(Alectoris chukar, RAI = 1.678)、岩鸽(Columba rupestris, RAI = 1.142)、漠䳭(Oenanthe deserti, RAI = 0.865)、赭红尾鸲(Phoenicurus ochruros, RAI = 0.374)和沙䳭(Oenanthe isabellina, RAI = 0.196), 其中漠䳭和石鸡的分布最广。豺(Cuon alpinus)、石貂(Martes foina)、黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)和白唇鹿(Cervus albirostris)为保护区新记录物种, 雪豹(Panthera uncia)也是保护区建立以来首次观测到。保护区人为干扰减少是造成物种新分布、数量增多的主要原因。     

利用红外相机技术对河北太行山东坡南段的鸟兽调查

利用红外相机技术于2017年冬季对河北太行山东坡南段的野生动物进行了调查。通过系统抽样,野外选取4个样区共安置红外相机78台,实际工作4753个相机日,获有效照片1903张。结果表明:共鉴定出兽类4目7科7种,鸟类9目14科27种,其中国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类有勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、雀鹰(Accipiter nisus)、灰林鸮(Strix aluco)和燕隼(Falco subbuteo)。物种相对丰度指数较高的兽类和鸟类分别为岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus)(10.10)和红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythroryncha)(5.49)。对拍摄率较高的前6种兽类的日活动节律进行了分析,发现野猪(Sus scrofa)和蒙古兔(Lepus tolai)主要集中在晨昏和夜间活动,西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)和岩松鼠多在昼间活动,赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)和黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)则为全天性活动。土门—黄北坪乡样区和鹿头乡样区具有较高的物种数(24种和23种)和Shannon-Weiner指数(2.35和2.06)。该地区农业开发程度高、森林景观破碎化程度大、人类活动干扰重,应加强野生动物栖息地的保护与恢复。     

环长白山旅游公路对中大型兽类的阻隔作用

道路对野生动物的阻隔作用是理解道路对野生动物影响的重要内容。选择毗邻和穿越长白山国家级自然保护区的环长白山旅游公路,于2008—2012年通过路域样线调查,评价了公路对中大型兽类的阻隔作用以及不同植被类型对中大型兽类活动的影响。结果显示:(1)路域500 m范围内有12种中大型兽类活动,包括5种国家级保护物种;(2)红松阔叶林中的中大型兽类的种类和痕迹数量显著大于白桦次生林;(3)公路的自然保护区侧兽类种类显著大于非保护区侧,尤其在雪季,自然保护区侧的兽类种类和痕迹数量都显著大于非保护区侧;(4)野猪(Sus scrofa)、西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)、黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)、紫貂(Martes zibellina)、黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)、狗獾(Meles leucurus)、松鼠(Sciurus vulgaris)和东北兔(Lepus mandshuricus)的痕迹数量在公路两侧和不同植被类型中都无显著差异,但黄鼬的痕迹数量在雪季时的红松阔叶林内显著大于白桦次生林,野猪和西伯利亚狍在非雪季时的红松阔叶林显著大于白桦次生林;(5)雪季,从路域50 m范围内兽类痕迹数量与兽类穿越率的关系来看,马鹿(Cervus elaphus)穿越公路通道被限制在K25~K27区间,受公路阻隔影响较大;(6)兽类年度穿越率与交通量呈负相关关系,但不显著。本研究表明,环长白山旅游公路对兽类阻隔作用已经显现,且随着时间推移,阻隔作用有加强趋势。鉴于自然保护区外围人为干扰大的现状,提出应加强自然保护区之间的动物迁移走廊建设的建议。     

拟建川藏铁路(康定至巴塘段)沿线野生鸟兽的红外相机调查

野生动物调查是开展生物多样性研究和保护的基础。本研究以国家重大工程建设为契机, 于2019年3月至2020年3月, 利用红外相机技术对拟建川藏铁路(康定至巴塘段)沿线的兽类和鸟类进行了初步调查。共布设相机85台, 获得56台相机数据,累计获得20,440个相机工作日, 共获得独立有效照片3,656张, 其中野生兽类2,571张, 野生鸟类565张。记录到野生兽类与鸟类共57种, 其中兽类26种, 隶属5目12科, 鸟类31种, 隶属4目14科。国家I级重点保护野生动物有5种, 即金钱豹(Panthera pardus)、马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)、荒漠猫(Felis bieti)、黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)和黄喉雉鹑(Tetraophasis szechenyii), 国家II级重点保护野生动物有棕熊(Ursus arctos)、猕猴(Macaca mulatta)等18种。被IUCN评估为濒危(EN)的物种2种, 即马麝和矮岩羊(Pseudois schaeferi); 易危(VU)和近危(NT)的物种分别为7种和5种。被CITES纳入附录I、附录II和附录III的物种分别为7种、8种和4种。兽类中相对多度指数(relative abundance index, RAI)最高的为毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus, RAI = 8.366), 鸟类中相对多度指数最高的为血雉(Ithaginis cruentus, RAI = 0.861)。本研究利用红外相机对拟建川藏铁路沿线(康定至巴塘段)非保护区区域进行兽类和鸟类的调查研究, 确定了物种丰富度较高的4处区域, 为后续铁路建设中的保护措施提供了科学依据。     

广西恩城国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性红外相机监测初报

2019年12月—2021年1月,利用红外相机技术在广西恩城国家级自然保护区内布设了58个红外相机监测位点,对保护区内的兽类及地栖性鸟类多样性开展监测。本次监测共完成17 332个相机工作日,累计获得独立有效照片6 680张。共鉴定出兽类5目13科20种,鸟类9目20科61种,其中黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)为国家一级重点保护野生动物,26种为国家二级重点保护野生动物。被中国脊椎动物红色名录评估为濒危(EN)的有2种,易危(VU) 6种,近危(NT) 19种。物种相对多度指数(RAI)最高的兽类是小泡巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi),鸟类是白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)。本次监测初步掌握了广西恩城国家级自然保护区内的兽类及地栖性鸟类的种类组成和相对多度指数,为后续开展野生动物研究与保护管理工作提供基础资料。     

利用红外相机调查祁连山国家公园(青海片区)兽类和鸟类多样性

2017年5-9月,采用红外相机调查祁连山国家公园(青海片区)兽类和鸟类多样性。共布设154个相机位点,累计12 096个相机日,共获得9 675张有效独立照片,鉴定23种野生兽类和50种野生鸟类物种,分别隶属5目10科和9目19科,另记录到家畜5种。相对多度指数最高的前五种野生动物依次为岩羊(Pseudois rnayaur)(18.23)、喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayarea)(15.98)、灰尾兔(Lepus oiostolus)(5.06)、红嘴山鸦(Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax)(3.39)、高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)(2.49)。中国特有物种有荒漠猫(Felis bieti)、白唇鹿(Ceryus albirostris)、西藏马鹿(Cervus wallichii)、藏原羚(Procapra picticaudata)、红耳鼠兔(Ochotana erythrotis)、蓝马鸡(Crossoptilon auritum)和地山雀(Pseudopocdoces humilis)7种。国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物有4种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物有20种;被中国脊椎动物红色名录评估为极危、濒危、易危、近危的物种分别有1种、6种、3种、14种。红外相机调查结果反映出祁连山国家公园(青海片区)兽类和鸟类现状,为祁连山国家公园体制试点生物多样性保护和管理提供基础数据。     

利用红外相机对河南宝天曼森林动态监测样地鸟兽的初步调查

<正>宝天曼国家级自然保护区(简称宝天曼保护区)位于河南省南阳市内乡县(111°53′–112°E,33°25′–33°33′N),地处暖温带向北亚热带的过渡区,是中原地带少有的保存较完整的森林和野生动物类型生态区,包括暖温带落叶阔叶林和针阔混交林等植被类型(宋朝枢,1994)。宝天曼保护区的兽类和鸟类多样性资源自王正用等(1993)和宋朝枢(1994)报道后至今再未见系统性报道,目前在该区域缺乏野生兽类和鸟类多样性资源的深入调查和长期监测。     

黄山动物简介

<正>黄山有脊椎动物417种,其中鱼类38种,两栖动物28种,爬行类52种,鸟类224种,哺乳类75种;无脊椎动物蝶类175种,蜘蛛目138种。列入世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录的有18种,列入濒危动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)的58种,列入中国物种红色名录的47种(其中兽类16种,鸟类9种,爬行类17种,两栖类4种,鱼类1种)。属于国家一级重点保护野生动物8种(其中鸟类4种,兽类4种);属于国家二级重点保护野生动物51种(其中鸟类34种,兽类10种)。     

Influences on mammals frequency of use of small bridges and culverts along the Qinghai–Tibet railway,China

Understanding the use of small bridges and culverts by wildlife to cross the Qinghai–Tibet railway will aid in the design of wildlife crossing structures for similar transportation infrastructure. From 2014 to 2016, 36 infrared cameras were placed inside 14 small bridges and 11 culverts along the Qinghai–Tibet railway to determine the structures’ effectiveness as wildlife passages. Thirteen species of mammals were found to use the small bridges and culverts to cross the railway. The crossing rates for all mammals were significantly higher for small bridges than for culverts. Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii), Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata), kiang (Equus kiang), and wild yak (Bos mutus) preferred small bridges over culverts to cross the railway. In contrast, mountain weasel (Mustela altaica) and Asian badger (Meles leucurus) preferred culverts to cross the railway. The crossing rates of all mammals, particularly Tibetan gazelle and woolly hare, were positively influenced by structure width. Structure height had a positive influence on wild yak, but structure length had a negative influence on kiang. The distance to the highway had a positive influence on the crossing rates of all mammals, particularly wild yak and woolly hare. Human use of the structures had no influence on the crossings of most mammals except for common wolf. We suggest that road design schemes include large and open crossing structures to benefit most species with limitations on human activities near wildlife passages.     

天津盘山风景名胜区人类干扰对野生动物活动节律影响的初步研究

2019年7月—2020年8月,应用红外相机技术研究天津盘山风景名胜区人类干扰对野生动物活动节律的影响效应,比较分析相对多度指数(RAI)前5位的留鸟和哺乳动物在有、无人类干扰位点区域之间的活动节律差异,以及不同强度人类干扰区域之间的活动节律差异.结果发现:1)人类干扰对留鸟活动节律的影响较小,RAI最大的红嘴蓝鹊Ur...     

Numerical response of predators to large variations of grassland vole abundance and long‐term community changes

Voles can reach high densities with multiannual population fluctuations of large amplitude, and they are at the base of predator communities in Northern Eurasia and Northern America. This status places them at the heart of management conflicts wherein crop protection and health concerns are often raised against conservation issues. Here, a 20‐year survey describes the effects of large variations in grassland vole populations on the densities and the daily theoretical food intakes (TFI) of vole predators based on roadside counts. Our results show how the predator community responded to prey variations of large amplitude and how it reorganized with the increase in a dominant predator, here the red fox, which likely negatively impacted hare, European wildcat, and domestic cat populations. This population increase did not lead to an increase in the average number of predators present in the study area, suggesting compensations among resident species due to intraguild predation or competition. Large variations in vole predator number could be clearly attributed to the temporary increase in the populations of mobile birds of prey in response to grassland vole outbreaks. Our study provides empirical support for more timely and better focused actions in wildlife management and vole population control, and it supports an evidence‐based and constructive dialogue about management targets and options between all stakeholders of such socio‐ecosystems.

A 20‐year survey describes the effects of large variations in grassland vole populations on the densities and the daily theoretical food intakes of a vole predator community based on roadside counts. Our results show how the predator community responds to prey variations of large amplitude and how it reorganized with the increase of the red fox, which likely negatively impacted hare, European wildcat, and domestic cat populations.     

广东云开山国家级自然保护区鸟兽红外相机调查初报

2017年1月至2019年9月, 我们在广东云开山国家级自然保护区3个观测样区布设61台红外相机, 对兽类和鸟类多样性进行调查。共记录到野生兽类4目7科9种, 鸟类6目14科34种, 其中广东省新记录1种, 为蓝绿鹊(Cissa chinensis), 记录国家II级重点保护动物2种, 为原鸡(Gallus gallus)和白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)。相对多度较高的5种兽类依次为赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)、赤麂(Muntiacus vaginalis)、鼬獾(Melogale moschata)、野猪(Sus scrofa)和果子狸(Paguma larvata), 相对多度较高的3种鸟类分别是紫啸鸫(Myiophoneus caeruleus)、虎斑地鸫(Zoothera dauma)和红嘴相思鸟(Leiothrix lutea)。通过对相对多度指数前三的鸟兽日活动节律观察分析, 共发现4种典型昼行性动物(赤腹松鼠、紫啸鸫、虎斑地鸫和红嘴相思鸟)和1种典型夜行性动物(鼬獾)。赤麂日活动呈现两个高峰时段, 分别为12:00-14:00和18:00-20:00。本研究评估了广东云开山国家级自然保护区部分兽类和鸟类资源现状, 为保护区野生动物保护与管理提供了数据支持。     

Response of carnivores to existing highway culverts and underpasses: implications for road planning and mitigation

Roads with high traffic volumes are a source of animal mortality, can disrupt normal animal movements and dispersal, and may represent a potentially serious threat to wildlife population stability and viability. Retrofitting existing structures built for other purposes (e.g., drainage culverts or small below-grade access roads) to facilitate wildlife crossing by animals and to reduce mortality may be expensive if modifications to the existing structures themselves were involved. However, the environmental context surrounding these structures may influence the willingness of animals to cross, and management of some of these attributes may enhance the attractiveness of these structures. Culverts and underpasses are two common structures along roads in Portugal. We quantified the response of small and medium-sized carnivores to the presence of both types of existing passages by determining: (1) frequency of use; (2) whether use differed by type of passage, and if so; (3) by examining if associated environmental attributes might explain the differences observed. We surveyed 57 different passages along 252 km of highway with a total sampling effort of 2,330 passage trap-days. The mean passage rate for carnivores combined was 0.7 complete passages per crossing structure per day. Crossings by weasel, polecat, otter, and wildcat were infrequent or absent. Red fox, badger, genet and Egyptian mongoose used the crossing structures regularly and without obvious preference; stone marten preferred underpasses. Regression analyses showed the frequency of use by carnivores varied with structural, landscape, road-related features, and human disturbance with 17 of 26 (65%) attributes being significant. Larger passages with vegetation close to the passage entrances, favorable habitat in the surrounding area, and low disturbance by humans were important key features to regular use by the guild of species studied. Mitigation planning in areas with ecological significance for carnivores will be beneficial. Structural attributes and human disturbances are more difficult or expensive to change, even though related significantly to crossing use. Management of vegetation at passage entrances and restricting human use near passages in carnivore suitable areas may substantially improve crossing attractiveness for the guild of carnivore species.     

四川米亚罗省级自然保护区鸟兽多样性红外相机监测初报

监测保护地鸟兽多样性现状对区域内生物多样性保护具有重要意义。我们于2018年5月至2019年6月利用红外相机技术和公里网格方案在四川米亚罗省级自然保护区布设60个位点进行兽类和鸟类物种多样性本底资源调查。在成功回收数据的58个位点上,经过19 252个相机工作日调查后, 共拍摄到45种野生鸟兽, 隶属8目20科, 其中国家I级和国家II级重点保护野生动物分别有6种和11种, 被ICUN红色名录评估为濒危 (EN) 、易危 (VU) 和近危 (NT) 的物种分别为4种、3种和5种。兽类中以食肉目物种数最多 (6科10种) , 偶蹄目次之 (4科7种) 。相对多度指数最高的兽类物种是中华鬣羚 (Capricornis milneedwardsii, RAI = 19.58) , 其次是猪獾 (Arctonyx collaris, RAI = 11.58) 和黄喉貂 (Martes flavigula, RAI = 5.56) 。相对多度指数最高的鸟类物种是血雉 (Ithaginis cruentus, RAI = 9.18) , 其次是灰头鸫 (Turdus rubrocanus, RAI = 3.27) 和绿尾虹雉 (Lophophorus lhuysii, RAI = 2.91) 。相较于米亚罗保护区的历史资料, 本调查新增了2种兽类和4种鸟类的分布纪录, 分别是黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)、香鼬 (M. altaica) 、淡背地鸫 (Zoothera mollissima) 、小虎斑地鸫 (Z. dauma) 、白眉林鸲 (Tarsiger indicus) 和灰头绿啄木鸟 (Picus canus) 。调查初步掌握了米亚罗保护区鸟兽的物种组成和种群状况, 为邛崃山系中部保护区群的区域性生物多样性评估与保护规划提供了基础资料与数据支持。     

Effects and Mitigation of Road Impacts on Individual Movement Behavior of Wildcats

ABSTRACT Roads can affect the persistence of wildlife populations, through posing mortality risks and acting as barriers. In many countries, transportation agencies attempt to counterbalance these negative impacts. Road mortality is a major threat for European wildcats (Felis silvestris); therefore, we tested the effectiveness of a newly developed wildcat-specific fence in preventing wildcat mortality along a new motorway. We hypothesized that such a fenced motorway would at the same time be a significant barrier to wildcats and may at worst result in 2 isolated populations. We used radiotracking data of 12 wildcats, resulting in 13,000 fixes, to investigate individual movement behavior during and after construction of a new motorway in southwestern Germany. The motorway was fenced with the wildcat-specific fence and included crossing structures, not especially constructed for wildlife. Additionally we collected road kills on stretches of the same motorway with various types of fencing. A rate of 0.4 wildcat kills/km/year on the motorway, which was traveled by 10,000 vehicles/day and fenced with a regular wildlife fence, was reduced by 83% on stretches with wildcat-specific fencing. Of the available crossing structures, wildcats preferred open-span viaducts. Road underpasses were used but hold a mortality risk themselves. As opposed to our expectations, the fenced motorway (fenced with wildcat fence) posed only a moderate barrier to wildcats. Individuals were hindered in their daily routine and some stopped crossing completely but others continued crossing regularly. The adaptation of spatial and temporal behavior to traffic volume and location of crossing structures has an energetic cost. Hence, we suggest that only a small number of major roads can be tolerated within a wildcat's home range. To meet the demands of the European Habitats Directive, we recommend installing the wildcat fence in wildcat core areas along motorways to reduce wildcat mortality. We suggest that fences should incorporate safe crossing structures every 1.5-2.5 km. Our findings in terms of fencing design and crossing structures can be used by transportation agencies for an effective reduction of road mortality and barrier effect for carnivores.     

基于红外相机技术调查长江正源沱沱河流域鸟兽多样性

沱沱河是长江正源, 该流域自然生态系统敏感, 生态环境脆弱, 孕育了诸多适应高海拔、寒旱气候的青藏高原特有物种。为了调查该区域的生物多样性, 我们选取沱沱河流域的班德山、达尔宗山和通天河3个样地, 采用 1 km × 1 km网格法在各样地分别选取20个连续网格, 每个网格内设置1个相机位点, 对流域内的鸟兽物种多样性进行监测。2017年9月至2018年12月, 累计4,288个有效相机工作日, 共获得独立有效照片2,353张, 鉴定兽类5目10科15属16种, 鸟类8目15科19属22种。其中, 国家I级重点保护野生动物有雪豹(Panthera uncia)、白唇鹿(Cervus albirostris)、藏野驴(Equus kiang)和胡兀鹫(Gypaetus barbatus)等4种, 国家II级重点保护野生动物11种, “三有”动物(国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物) 11种。被IUCN濒危物种红色名录评估为濒危(EN)的野生动物1种, 易危(VU)的2种, 近危(NT)的5种。相对多度指数(RAI)排前5位的兽类依次是岩羊(Pseudois nayaur, RAI = 11.17)、高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae, RAI = 6.48)、高原兔(Lepus oiostolus, RAI = 4.99)、藏狐(Vulpes ferrilata, RAI = 3.36)和藏原羚(Procapra picticaudata, RAI = 2.87); 鸟类RAI排前5位的物种为红嘴山鸦(Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, RAI = 3.08)、赭红尾鸲(Phoenicurus ochruros, RAI = 1.26)、棕颈雪雀(Pyrgilauda ruficollis, RAI = 1.26)、大鵟(Buteo hemilasius, RAI = 0.82)和白腰雪雀(Pyrgilauda taczanowskii, RAI = 0.61)。此外, 红外相机还监测到较多的家畜和人为活动(RAI = 8.72)。本研究利用红外相机技术客观记录了长江正源沱沱河流域鸟兽资源的本底情况, 可为进一步调查该地区生物多样性以及制定相应的保护措施提供科学数据。     

基于红外相机研究野生动物对地震灾害体的利用特征

地震及其引发的次生地质灾害是影响野生动物多样性及空间利用的重要因素,为探究地震后野生动物对地震灾害体的利用特征,为震后生物多样性保护与生态资源恢复方案制定提供基础资料,本研究在四川卧龙国家级自然保护区的不同损毁程度地震灾害体内及周边设置红外相机调查野生动物组成和相对多度指数。经过2 833个相机工作日的调查,在地震灾害体内共探测到野生动物28种 (兽类15种,鸟类13 种),其中出现频率较高的为红腹锦鸡 (Chrysolophus pictus)、马来豪猪 (Hystrix brachyura)、中华斑羚 (Naemorhedus griseus) 等喜食植物 (根、茎、叶和果实) 的动物,而记录到的兽类中,有60%被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危 (EN)、易危 (VU) 和近危 (NT),表明珍稀野生动物会利用恢复过程中的地震灾害体,反映出地震灾害体对保护珍稀濒危动物具有潜在生态价值。轻度、中度、重度损毁程度区的物种种类构成差异大,动物相对多度指数 (RAI) 也存在较大差异：中度 > 轻度 > 重度。地震灾害体外的野生动物种数与相对多度指数均高于灾害体内,表明汶川地震引发的次生地质灾害仍在持续影响野生动物生境选择与利用。建议针对震后受损区域的野生动物生境利用展开长期监测与研究。     

基于红外相机技术调查佛坪国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性

2015年1月至2017年12月, 在陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区57条巡护样线上布设130台红外相机, 对兽类和鸟类多样性进行调查。累计相机工作日101,220天, 共捕获独立有效事件36,100次, 其中兽类独立照片30,563张, 鸟类3,244张。共记录到野生兽类6目15科29种, 相对多度较高的前5个物种依次是秦岭羚牛(Budorcas bedfordi, RAI = 11.53)、野猪(Sus scrofa, RAI = 4.80)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi, RAI = 4.35)、大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca, RAI = 1.81)和中国豪猪(Hystrix hodgsoni, RAI = 1.13)。共记录到鸟类8目14科54种, 相对多度最高的前5个物种依次是红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus, RAI = 0.97)、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii, RAI = 0.74)、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus, RAI = 0.51)、红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythrorhyncha, RAI = 0.13)、黑领噪鹛(Garrulax pectoralis, RAI = 0.12)。保护区鸟类新记录4种, 包括白眉地鸫(Geokichla sibirica)、白眉鸫(Turdus obscurus)、长尾地鸫(Zoothera dixoni)和灰脸鵟鹰(Butastur indicus); 保护区兽类新记录1种, 为亚洲狗獾(Meles leucurus)。本研究利用红外相机技术客观记录了佛坪国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类的本底情况, 不仅初步了解了保护区内的野生动物分布, 而且更新了保护区鸟类资源数据库, 为保护区未来的保护和管理工作提供了数据基础。