利用红外相机监测甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区鸟兽物种多样性

为了系统掌握甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区野生动物的种类、数量、分布以及种群动态变化趋势, 我们于2017年8月至2019年9月, 在保护区选取3个样地布设60台红外相机, 对保护区兽类和鸟类多样性进行调查。红外相机累计观测29,147个工作日, 采集独立有效照片11,134张。共观测到兽类6目10科18种, 鸟类7目16科31种。国家I级重点保护野生动物有5种, 国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物有11种。兽类中相对多度较高的物种有蒙古兔(Lepus tolai, RAI = 12.749)、岩羊(Pseudois nayaur, RAI = 4.690)、北山羊(Capra sibirica, RAI = 4.333)、蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus, RAI = 3.163)、赤狐(Vulpes vulpes, RAI = 2.601), 分布最普遍的是赤狐和蒙古兔; 鸟类中相对多度较高的物种有石鸡(Alectoris chukar, RAI = 1.678)、岩鸽(Columba rupestris, RAI = 1.142)、漠䳭(Oenanthe deserti, RAI = 0.865)、赭红尾鸲(Phoenicurus ochruros, RAI = 0.374)和沙䳭(Oenanthe isabellina, RAI = 0.196), 其中漠䳭和石鸡的分布最广。豺(Cuon alpinus)、石貂(Martes foina)、黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)和白唇鹿(Cervus albirostris)为保护区新记录物种, 雪豹(Panthera uncia)也是保护区建立以来首次观测到。保护区人为干扰减少是造成物种新分布、数量增多的主要原因。

Investigation of bird and mammal diversity in the Gansu Anxi Extreme-arid Desert National Nature Reserve using infrared camera traps

In this study, we systematically determined the quantity, distribution, and population dynamics of wild bird and mammal species in the Gansu Anxi Extreme-arid Desert National Nature Reserve. We set 60 infrared cameras in three sample plots to monitor wild mammals and birds in the nature reserve. A total of 11,134 independent images were collected with a survey effort of 29,147 camera-days from August 2017 to September 2019. We identified 18 mammal species and 31 bird species, which include 5 and 11 species listed as Class I and Class II National Protected Wildlife in China, respectively. The analysis on the relative abundance of species showed that the five most abundant mammal species with highest RAIs (relative abundance index) in the reserve were Lepus tolai (RAI = 12.749), Pseudois nayaur (RAI = 4.690), Capra sibirica (RAI = 4.333), Equus hemionus (RAI = 3.163), Vulpes vulpes (RAI = 2.601). The bird species with highest RAIs were Alectoris chukar (RAI = 1.678), Columba rupestris (RAI = 1.142), Oenanthe deserti (RAI = 0.865), Phoenicurus ochruros (RAI = 0.374) and Oenanthe isabellina (RAI = 0.196). The results of the grid occupancy analysis for each species indicated that the most widely distributed mammals were Vulpes vulpes and Lepus tolai and the most widely distributed birds were Oenanthe deserti and Alectoris chukar. Compared to survey data collected over the last two decades, four newly recorded species (Cuon alpinus, Martes foina, Mustela sibirica, and Cervus albirostris) were found, and the observation of Panthera uncia was also the first in the reserve. Decreased human interference in the nature reserve is likely the main reason for the new species distributions and increase in the number of species within the reserve.