拟建川藏铁路(康定至巴塘段)沿线野生鸟兽的红外相机调查

野生动物调查是开展生物多样性研究和保护的基础。本研究以国家重大工程建设为契机, 于2019年3月至2020年3月, 利用红外相机技术对拟建川藏铁路(康定至巴塘段)沿线的兽类和鸟类进行了初步调查。共布设相机85台, 获得56台相机数据,累计获得20,440个相机工作日, 共获得独立有效照片3,656张, 其中野生兽类2,571张, 野生鸟类565张。记录到野生兽类与鸟类共57种, 其中兽类26种, 隶属5目12科, 鸟类31种, 隶属4目14科。国家I级重点保护野生动物有5种, 即金钱豹(Panthera pardus)、马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)、荒漠猫(Felis bieti)、黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)和黄喉雉鹑(Tetraophasis szechenyii), 国家II级重点保护野生动物有棕熊(Ursus arctos)、猕猴(Macaca mulatta)等18种。被IUCN评估为濒危(EN)的物种2种, 即马麝和矮岩羊(Pseudois schaeferi); 易危(VU)和近危(NT)的物种分别为7种和5种。被CITES纳入附录I、附录II和附录III的物种分别为7种、8种和4种。兽类中相对多度指数(relative abundance index, RAI)最高的为毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus, RAI = 8.366), 鸟类中相对多度指数最高的为血雉(Ithaginis cruentus, RAI = 0.861)。本研究利用红外相机对拟建川藏铁路沿线(康定至巴塘段)非保护区区域进行兽类和鸟类的调查研究, 确定了物种丰富度较高的4处区域, 为后续铁路建设中的保护措施提供了科学依据。

Preliminary report of an infrared camera survey on wild birds and mammals along the proposed Sichuan-Tibet Railway (Kangding-Batang section)

Aim: We aim to investigate the biological inventory of large and medium-sized mammals and ground-dwelling birds along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway (Kangding-Batang section) using camera-trapping techniques. Methods: Eighty-five camera-traps were placed between 3,100 m and 4,400 m a.s.l. from March 2019 to March 2020. The relative abundance index (RAI) was used to evaluate the population sizes of different species. Results: During 20,440 camera-days, 3,656 independent photographs were recorded including 2,571 of mammals and 565 of birds. Twenty-six wild mammal species (5 orders and 12 families) and 31 bird species (4 orders and 14 families) were identified. Five of these species are listed as first-class National Protected Wildlife (Panthera pardus, Moschus chrysogaster, Felis bieti, Grus nigricollis and Tetraophasis szechenyii), and 18 species are listed as second-class National Protected Wildlife (Ursus arctos, Macaca mulatta, Capricornis milneedwardsii, and others). Two species (Moschus chrysogaster and Pseudois schaeferi) were listed as Endangered, Seven as Vulnerable and five as Near Threatened according to the IUCN Red List. Seven species were listed as Appendix I, eight as Appendix II and four as Appendix III according to the CITES. The most detected species of mammal was the tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus, RAI = 8.366), and the most detected species of bird was the blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus, RAI = 0.861). Conclusions: These findings indicate the Sichuan-Tibet Railway (Kangding-Batang section) has a high species diversity that include rare and endangered species. This study provides an important foundation for further biodiversity investigations.