胆管癌患者与健康志愿者血清样品蛋白质表达差异分析

胆管癌（cholangiocarcinoma,CCA）是一种难于早期诊断和治疗的恶性肿瘤.利用蛋白质组学技术以期筛选出人血清中具有医学价值的胆管癌癌变的标志物.利用白蛋白/IgG去除试剂盒去除血清中高丰度的白蛋白和IgG,再经丙酮沉淀得到高质量的血清样品.样品经双向电泳（2-DE）得到了分辨率较好的胆管癌血清的蛋白点图谱.利用Image Master 2D软件对比分析了胆管癌病人和正常健康对照组的2-DE图谱.其中,表达上调蛋白有8个,表达下调蛋白有6个.用质谱获得上述差异蛋白的肽质量指纹图谱,并经数据库检索共鉴定出了11种差 异蛋白质,其中8种蛋白质的表达与胆管癌密切相关.本研究为阐明胆管癌的机理提供了一条新途径.     

UV-B辐射对小麦叶片蛋白的影响

为研究增强的UV-B辐射对植物的影响,选取了生长于中国北方的经济作物冬小麦为研究对象,采用双向电泳的方法,分析了经UV-B辐射后小麦叶片蛋白的变化。结果显示,经UV-B辐射后,第4天、第8天的小麦叶片蛋白变化明显,双向电泳图谱显示发现15个蛋白差异点;通过质谱鉴定了3个蛋白差异点,分别为铜/锌过氧化物歧化酶、钙调素、Rubiso大亚基结合蛋白α亚基。结果表明增强的UV-B辐射可以通过调节小麦叶片基因编码蛋白而调节植物生长。     

黄瓜叶片胞间隙蛋白质双向电泳体系的建立

以黄瓜种质‘PI088’幼苗为材料,提取胞间隙液,制备蛋白样品,通过对不同IPG胶条、等电聚焦条件、分离胶浓度、上样量等条件的探索,建立适合黄瓜叶片胞间隙蛋白质组的双向电泳体系.结果显示:(1)用pH 3～10的非线性IPG胶条,等电聚焦时间为70 000 Vh,分离胶浓度为10％,上样量为800 μg时,能够得到较好的2-DE图谱.(2)利用所建立的双向电泳体系找到了对照及接种霜霉菌后2d的黄瓜叶片胞间隙差异蛋白,其中的12个上调表达点和10个下调表达点的表达量变化在1.5倍以上.并选取一个差异点成功进行了质谱分析.(3)质谱分析结果显示,所找的差异点为一种酸性的几丁质酶,等电点为4.27.可见,采用所建立的双向电泳体系可获得分辨率高、重复性好的2-DE图谱并能很好地用于质谱分析.     

乙型肝炎患者血清蛋白电泳谱变化规律的研究

研究乙型肝炎病毒患者血清蛋白的变化特点,探讨其与疾病进程的关系。从临床收集正常体检者血清和乙型肝炎病毒不同感染阶段的患者血清,按疾病类型进行分组。选用血清蛋白电泳技术检测白蛋白(ALB)、α1球蛋白、α2球蛋白,γ球蛋白百分含量及A/G。与正常对照组相比,重度慢性肝炎组、肝炎肝硬化组和原发性肝癌组中ALB、α1球蛋白、α2球蛋白明显降低,而γ球蛋白明显升高;重度慢性肝炎、肝炎肝硬化、原发性肝癌三组中A/G比值依次明显降低。急性乙型肝炎组和轻度慢性肝炎组的蛋白电泳各项指标均无明显变化。前白蛋白含量在急性乙型肝炎、轻度慢性肝炎、重度慢性肝炎、肝炎肝硬化和原发性肝癌组均明显降低。结果提示,蛋白电泳图谱随着乙型肝炎病毒感染的不同阶段会发生相应变化。A/G能够反应乙型肝炎病毒感染的中晚期进展,对乙型肝炎的诊断,治疗以及病情转归具有重要意义。     

应用二维电泳和质谱技术筛选喉癌及癌旁组织中的差异表达蛋白质

目的分离并鉴定喉癌和癌旁正常粘膜组织的差异表达蛋白质,为喉癌早期临床诊断、治疗提供新的有关的肿瘤生物学标记和靶标。方法收集5对人喉癌组织和对应的癌旁正常粘膜组织,提取组织总蛋白质,采用二维凝胶电泳技术分离蛋白并进行比较。选择在喉癌中明显差异表达的蛋白质点,进行质谱分析。结果获得了分辨率和重复性均较好的凝胶蛋白图谱。筛选出的在喉癌及癌旁正常粘膜组织中明显差异表达的10个蛋白质点,并成功鉴定。其中在喉癌组织中高表达的7个,低表达的3个。结论喉癌组织与癌旁正常粘膜组织蛋白存在明显的差异,筛选并鉴定出的这些蛋白质可能成为喉癌早期临床诊断、治疗的标志物和靶标。     

糠秕马拉色菌酵母态和菌丝态蛋白差异表达的研究

目的通过双向电泳及串联质谱技术鉴定糠秕马拉色菌酵母态及菌丝态差异蛋白,在蛋白水平探讨两态转化机制及致病机理。方法分别诱导糠秕马拉色菌标准株酵母态和菌丝态菌体,利用玻璃珠研磨和超声波破碎细胞壁,三氯乙酸/丙酮沉淀获取总蛋白。双向电泳分离蛋白,PDQuest软件比对找出差异蛋白点。电喷雾串联质谱对差异点进行肽段测序,用Mascot和NCBI的Blast软件经蛋白质数据库鉴定蛋白质。结果经双向电泳分离的糠秕马拉色菌酵母态、菌丝态蛋白各有800多个蛋白点、64个蛋白点表达量有3倍以上差异,其中11个为酵母态特有,9个菌丝态特有。在选取的40个差异点中,成功鉴定出22个点,共16个蛋白。经Mascot和Blast软件检索,有明确功能的蛋白中,肌动蛋白、丝切蛋白等9个蛋白在菌丝态上调,谷胱甘肽转移酶、细胞支架信号蛋白等5个蛋白下调。结论鉴定出16个蛋白分别与细胞代谢、运动、氧化应激等功能相关,为了解糠秕马拉色菌表型转换机制和致病机理提供重要信息。     

一个新的前列腺癌细胞系分泌蛋白磷酸甘油酸酯激酶的鉴定与分析

目的：建立前列腺癌细胞系C4-2B分泌蛋白双向电泳图谱,并对感兴趣的蛋白进行质谱鉴定,对其表达调控进行初步分析。方法：收集前列腺癌细胞系C4-2B的分泌蛋白,利用双向电泳结合质谱的方法对感兴趣的蛋白进行鉴定,而后利用Western blot等方法对结果进行验证和分析。结果：得到较为稳定的前列腺癌细胞系分泌蛋白C4-2B双向电泳图谱,鉴定了一个新的前列腺癌细胞系分泌蛋白磷酸甘油酸酯激酶,并发现1nmol/L人工合成雄激素R1881可上调其表达。结论：建立了简便的前列腺癌细胞系分泌蛋白双向电泳及质谱分析的研究方法,初步证明磷酸甘油酸酯激酶是前列腺癌细胞系C4-2B新的分泌蛋白,且人工合成雄激素R1881可诱导其表达上调。     

原位鼻咽癌裸鼠模型血清蛋白质组学的研究

利用我室建立的原位鼻咽癌裸鼠模型,建立了稳定性较好的鼻咽癌裸鼠血清蛋白质2-DE方法,并比较了原位鼻咽癌裸鼠血清与对照组裸鼠血清蛋白质2-DE图谱之间的差异.与正常裸鼠血清比较,原位鼻咽癌裸鼠模型组血清增加了4个蛋白质点.利用MALDI-TOF质谱技术对血清差异蛋白点进行鉴定,发现SAA-1前体(serumamyloidA-1 protein precursor)在鼻咽癌裸鼠模型组血清中明显高表达,为寻找鼻咽癌血清生物标志物提供了有利的线索.     

触珠蛋白在家兔肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克前后血清差异表达的研究

目的:探讨家兔肠系膜上动脉闭塞性(SMAO)休克前后血清蛋白质组学变化及触珠蛋白的差异表达情况。方法:应用家兔肠系膜上动脉夹闭法复制家兔SMAO休克模型,在此基础上通过双向电泳-质谱-生物信息学方法分析鉴定SMAO休克前后血清中的差异蛋白,并应用Western blot和Elisa对血清触珠蛋白在SMAO休克前后血清中的差异表达情况进行验证。结果:在家兔SMAO休克前后血清双向电泳图谱中发现19个差异蛋白点,其中11个蛋白质点只见于SMAO休克后血清双向电泳图中;8个蛋白质点明显见于SMAO休克前的血清双向电泳图中。鉴定并验证了触珠蛋白在SMAO休克后血清中含量增高。结论:家兔SMAO休克后血清触珠蛋白含量增高,可能参与了SMAO休克后机体的代偿调节。     

灰黄霉素高产菌F208发酵过程蛋白质表达差异的研究

目的 为探寻灰黄霉素生物合成过程中的关键酶,以蛋白质组学技术手段分析灰黄霉素高产菌F208发酵过程蛋白质表达差异.方法 通过双向电泳联用质谱技术对F208发酵过程蛋白质组图谱进行比较分析.结果 研究发现灰黄霉素产生期( 192 h)F208表达的蛋白质与产生前期(72 h)有较大差异,并鉴定出在灰黄霉素产生高峰期蛋白表达量明显增加的两个特异点是丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶.结论 成功建立灰黄青霉菌丝体总蛋白双向电泳技术体系.并鉴定出两个蛋白特异点,极可能与灰黄霉素生物合成有关.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.