透明颤菌血红蛋白在肉桂地链霉菌中的表达对其细胞生长及抗生素合成的影响

肉桂地链霉菌(S.cinnamonensis)是莫能菌素(Monensin)的产生菌。大肠杆菌链霉菌穿梭表达载体pHZ1252中的透明颤菌血红蛋白基因(vhb)位于硫链丝菌素诱导启动子P_tipA之下,它在肉桂地链霉菌中的结构不稳定,发生了重组缺失,缺失的片段包括大肠杆菌质粒部分和vhb基因。但来自阿维链霉菌(S.avermitilis)中缺失了大肠杆菌质粒部分却保留了完整的vhb基因及tipA启动子的pHZ1252,可在肉桂地链霉菌中稳定复制,不再发生缺失,经硫链丝菌素诱导表达出了有生物活性的VHb蛋白。摇瓶发酵实验证明,VHb蛋白在氧限条件下可明显促进肉桂地链霉菌的菌体生长和抗生素合成。     

华葵根瘤菌nifA基因的克隆和功能分析

华葵根瘤菌(Mesorhizobium huakuii即R.astragali)159的nifA基因的序列分析表明,该基因全长1227bp,编码分子量为44734D的Nif A蛋白。与其它NifA蛋白的序列比较发现,华葵根瘤菌NifA蛋白也存在保守的中间结构域和C末端DNA结合结构域,但其氨基端缺失。Tn5定点突变得到的突变体是Nif-表型。构建了nifA基因组成型表达的质粒,此质粒在大肠杆菌中对华葵根瘤菌nifHlacZ有激活作用。     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌pgiB基因上游452bp序列的功能分析

用化学诱变剂N甲基N′硝基N亚硝基胍进行随机诱变,获得了穿梭启动子探测质粒pPGV5的温度抗性突变型pPGV5(tr65),序列分析发现质粒上卡那霉素核苷转移酶基因kan的+238位碱基发生了G→T的单点突变。以来自嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌FDTP3菌株的耐热邻苯二酚2,3双加氧酶基因pheB作为报道基因,构建了转录融合质粒pPGVPB452,用高压电穿孔法将其转化嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌,通过报道蛋白活性的分析,证明了嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌T521菌株的6磷酸葡萄糖异构酶同工酶基因pgiB上游含启动子样序列的425bp片段在嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌中不具有启动子功能。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌鲇泽亚种HD-133cry1D的表达调控

利用PCR扩增基因cry1D启动子及上游区片段,在测序的基础上构建含cry1DlacZ融合基因穿梭质粒,导入不同遗传背景的苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株中,并以cry1AblacZ融合基因为对照测定β半乳糖苷酶活性,检测启动子上游区的作用。结果表明,cry1DlacZ和cry1AblacZ融合基因在不同遗传背景的菌株中表达完全不同,也许一些宿主专一性的因子参与了转录调控;而在同一菌株中Ccry1DlacZ和cry1AblacZ的表达差异是由于上游区的不同以及竞争有限的σ因子所致。利用PCR定点诱变技术突变其SD序列GGGGA为GGAGG后,cry1DlacZ融合基因的表达提高了1.0～1.6倍。表明GGAGG是苏云金芽胞杆菌合适的SD序列,也揭示了不合适的SD序列是cry1D表达量低的原因之一。     

假单胞菌M18株pltZ基因转录阻抑藤黄绿菌素ABC转运系统

假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.）M18株的藤黄绿菌素(Pyoluteorin,Plt )生物合成基因簇下游存在一个Plt生物合成负调控基因pltZ和一个负责Plt分泌及自身抗性的ABC（ATP_binding cassette）转运系统基因簇。利用启动子探针载体pME6015和pME6522分别构建ABC转运基因pltH与lacZ的翻译和转录融合表达质粒pHZLF和pHZCF,分别引入野生型假单胞菌M18株和pltZ突变菌株M18Z。半乳糖苷酶活性的测定结果表明：在pltZ突变株M18Z中,pltH’-‘lacZ翻译融合表达水平约比野生型提高3.7～8.4倍,pltH’‘lacZ转录融合表达水平显著提高了2.8～7.4倍,表明pltZ 能在转录水平上阻抑Plt ABC转运系统的表达,pltZ很可能通过阻抑Plt ABC转运系统的表达,间接地负调控Plt的生物合成。     

利用Tn51063转座诱变法分离苜蓿中华根瘤菌042BMnoeB基因的研究

采用三亲本杂交方法将带有Tn51063（含luxAB）的质粒pRL1063a导入苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)042BM,进行转座子插入诱变,在含有氯霉素、卡那霉素的TY平板上筛选接合子。通过结瘤试验,从1000个突变株中,筛选到3个结瘤突变株042BMR5、042BMR11和 042BRM29。它们都表现出发光酶活性,表明转座子正向插入到基因组中的某个启动子下游。Southern杂交结果证实,转座子均为单一位点插入。对042BMR5突变株基因组进行反向PCR,扩增位于Tn51063两端的侧翼序列。测序结果表明,转座子插入到苜蓿中华根瘤菌的共生质粒pSymA noeB基因内。根据基因组中noeB上游和下游序列扩增出042BM noeB,其与苜蓿中华根瘤菌1021 noeB的同源性为98％,而与NoeB蛋白的氨基酸序列相似性为95％。疏水性分析发现,NoeB是一个跨膜蛋白,在N末端有4个跨膜区,其中包含3个初级螺旋和1个次级螺旋。     

阿维链霉菌中aveD基因缺失对阿维菌素合成的影响

利用aveD基因的缺失载体pCZ8(pKC1139∷△aveD)对阿维菌素(Avermectin)产生菌阿维链霉菌(Streptomyces avermitilis)76\|9的aveD基因进行缺失获得aveD缺失突变株。经摇瓶发酵和HPLC检测,发现该突变株只产生阿维菌素B组分。说明将阿维链霉菌的aveD基因缺失,并不影响下游aveF的表达。缺失突变株的阿维菌素的总产量与出发菌株的总产量基本相同,突变株中B1的产量略有提高,阿维菌素B2的含量显著提高。     

苜蓿中华根瘤菌042BMnoeAB基因的转录调控

对苜蓿中华根瘤菌（Sinorhizobium meliloti）042BM noeAB基因的表达调控进行研究。结果发现,葫芦巴碱不能使noeAB的表达水平提高,证明它们的转录不受nodD2的调控。当nodD3和syrM同时存在时,noeAB的表达水平没有明显的变化,表明它们也不受nodD3syrM系统的调控。在FY基本培养基上,毛地黄黄酮的诱导使noeAB基因的表达水平提高16倍,而在不添加该诱导物的TY培养基上,noeAB基因的表达水平也能够提高30倍以上,说明noeAB是受nodD1控制的,但除受毛地黄黄酮诱导外,noeAB还可能受到其他因子的调节。     

钝齿棒杆菌天冬氨酸激酶基因的克隆和序列分析

运用PCR方法,从野生型钝齿棒杆菌株(Corynebacterium crenatum)AS1542及具有AEC抗性的突变株CD945染色体上分别扩增出天冬氨酸激酶(AK)基因(ask),构建了重组质粒。核苷酸序列分析表明,C.crenatum AS1542AK基因与C.crenatum CD945相比,第1199位的碱基由T变为C,引起酶蛋白β亚基第80位氨基酸从亮氨酸变成脯氨酸。该氨基酸的突变在蛋白结构上位于ACT结构域内,该区受赖氨酸调控。C.crenatum AS1542的AK基因的编码区核苷酸序列与C.glutamicum\,C.flavum及B.lactofermentum相比,同源性分别为97.23%、97.55%和97.62%,酶蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性分别为99.76%、99.52%和99.76%。但在AK基因的启动子上游序列部分与其它棒杆菌相比有较大差异。     

Angiotensin II-induced transcriptional activation of the cyclin D1 gene is mediated by Egr-1 in CHO-AT(1A) cells

Cyclin D1 protein expression is regulated by mitogenic stimuli and is a critical component in the regulation of G(1) to S phase progression of the cell cycle. Angiotensin II (Ang II) binds to specific G protein-coupled receptors and is mitogenic in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the rat vascular Ang II type 1A receptor (CHO-AT(1A)). We recently reported that in these cells, Ang II induced cyclin D1 promoter activation and protein expression in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-, SHP-2-, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK)-dependent manner (Guillemot, L., Levy, A., Zhao, Z. J., Béréziat, G., and Rothhut, B. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 26349-26358). In this report, transfection studies using a series of deleted cyclin D1 promoters revealed that two regions between base pairs (bp) -136 and -96 and between bp -29 and +139 of the human cyclin D1 promoter contained regulatory elements required for Ang II-mediated induction. Mutational analysis in the -136 to -96 bp region provided evidence that a Sp1/early growth response protein (Egr) motif was responsible for cyclin D1 promoter activation by Ang II. Gel shift and supershift studies showed that Ang II-induced Egr-1 binding involved de novo protein synthesis and correlated well with Egr-1 promoter activation. Both U0126 (an inhibitor of the MAPK/ERK kinase MEK) and wortmannin (an inhibitor of PI3K) abrogated Egr-1 endogenous expression and Egr-1 promoter activity induced by Ang II. Moreover, using a co-transfection approach, we found that Ang II induction of Egr-1 promoter activity was blocked by dominant-negative p21(ras), Raf-1, and tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 mutants. Identical effects were obtained when inhibitors and dominant negative mutants were tested on the -29 to +139 bp region of the cyclin D1 promoter. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Ang II-induced cyclin D1 up-regulation is mediated by the activation and specific interaction of Egr-1 with the -136 to -96 bp region of the cyclin D1 promoter and by activation of the -29 to +139 bp region, both in a p21(ras)/Raf-1/MEK/ERK-dependent manner, and also involves PI3K and SHP-2.     

Cloning and identification of the promoter of the tobacco Sar8.2b gene,a gene involved in systemic acquired resistance

Expression of the Sar8.2 gene family is induced by salicylic acid (SA) in tobacco during induction of systemic acquired resistance. Expression of Sar8.2b, one member of this 12-member family, was detected as early as 12 h after treatment with SA and was maximal 36 h after SA treatment. In NahG transgenic tobacco plants, benzothiadiazole and dichloroisonicotinic acid induced expression of Sar8.2b but SA did not, suggesting that expression of the Sar8.2b gene is SA-dependent. Several putative cis-acting elements were found in the Sar8.2b gene promoter region, including an as-1 element and GT-1 and Dof binding sequences. We constructed a series of progressive deletion mutations in the Sar8.2b promoter region linked to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) coding region and analyzed GUS activities by stable expression in transformants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Deletions between −728 and −927 bp or between −351 and −197 bp of the promoter region resulted in a significant reduction in GUS activity induced by SA treatment as shown in stable transformants of A. thaliana. The −197 bp fragment of the promoter region was found to confer a relatively low level of GUS activity induced by SA treatment in stable expression of transformants in A. thaliana. The results suggest that 927 bp of the Sar8.2b gene promoter confers full promoter activity and that cis-acting elements required for high-level SA-inducible expression of the Sar8.2b gene may exist within the regions −728 to −927 bp and −197 to −351 bp.