影响农杆菌介导的柑桔基因转化因素研究

以柑桔（ Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ） 中的枳壳、甜橙、柠檬、四季桔上胚轴为对象, 进行了农杆菌介导的柑桔衰退病病毒外壳蛋白基因转化影响因素研究, 最终将衰退病病毒外壳蛋白基因转入枳壳。研究结果表明： 以卡那霉素为选择试剂, 且外植体水平放置时, 枳壳的选择浓度为５０μｇ／ｍＬ, 其它品种为２０ ～３０μｇ／ｍＬ。外植体与农杆菌的共培养时间３ ｄ 最好, ７０ ～１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的酚类化合物（Ａｓ） 的添加对外植体Ｇｕｓ 瞬时表达阳性率有明显促进作用。转化所用外植体年龄以２０ ｄ 最好, 品种之间抗性芽产生率与Ｇｕｓ 阳性芽产生率明显不同。以质粒ＤＮＡＮｃｏⅠ酶切产物为探针, 进行了Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ 分析, 结果表明外源基因已稳定整合到了枳壳植株的核基因组中。     

根癌农杆菌介导转化Lesquerella fendleri L．的研究

以Lesquerella fendleri L.叶片和叶柄为外植体,研究了根癌农杆菌介导的β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶基因(β-glucuronidase,Gus)的遗传转化技术,将再生植株叶片进行PCR分子鉴定和Gus组织染色,证实外源基因已稳定整合到植物基因组中,并得到表达。     

农杆菌介导红江橙遗传转化的研究初报

用红江橙实生苗的上胚轴为材料 ,初步研究以根癌农杆菌介导的 GUS基因转化。结果表明 :以卡那霉素作为选择试剂进行选择培养时 ,Km浓度为 5 0 mg/L;外植体以平放为好 ;抑菌剂选择头孢霉素较好。GUS基因瞬时表达检测 ,70 .4%的外植体呈阳性反应 ;GUS基因稳定表达检测 ,在获得的 1 2株抗性植株中 ,GUS反应呈阳性所占比例为 1 6.7%。     

利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法转化获得转抗虫融合蛋白基因（Bt—CpTI）甘蓝植株

以下胚轴,带柄子叶和茎尖为外植体,利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法将抗虫融合蛋白基因（Bt-CpTI)导入甘蓝品种“中甘8号”,得到了13株卡那霉素抗性植株,经PCR扩增反应和Southern blot分子验证表明;农杆菌介导转化下胚轴和带柄子叶来源的Ⅰ型抗性植株均为转基因植株,而农杆菌介导转化茎尖外植体得到的Ⅱ型抗性植株属“假阳性”植株,基因枪介导转化茎尖的2株Ⅲ型植株中,有1株是非转基因植株,经胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性分析和抗虫测试证明,部分转基因植株有较高的胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性和抗菜青虫能力。     

利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法转化获得转抗虫融合蛋白基因(Bt-CpTI)甘蓝植株

以下胚轴、带柄子叶和茎尖为外植体,利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法将抗虫融合蛋白基因(Bt-CpTI)导人甘蓝品种“中甘8号”,得到了13株卡那霉素抗性植株。经PCR扩增反应和Southern blot分子验证表明:农杆菌介导转化下胚轴和带柄子叶来源的Ⅰ型抗性植株均为转基因植株,而农杆菌介导转化茎尖外植体得到的Ⅱ型抗性植株属“假阳性”植株,基因枪介导转化茎尖的2株Ⅲ型植株中,有1株是非转基因植株。经胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性分析和抗虫测试证明,部分转基因植株有较高的胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性和抗菜青虫能力。     

抗冷冻蛋白基因(afp)转化大豆的研究

目的:通过农杆菌介导法遗传转化大豆。方法:通过热激法将质粒pCAAFP66导入根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105中获得含有抗冷冻蛋白基因(afp)及除草剂抗性筛选标记基因(bar)的农杆菌工程菌株;以大豆品种华春6号和马祖1号种子的下胚轴为外植体,经过农杆菌介导将抗冷冻蛋白基因导入大豆基因组中,在含有除草剂草丁膦(PPT)的培养基中筛选、并经过PCR鉴定获得大豆转化植株。结果:PPT的最佳筛选浓度为1.0mg/L,华春6号和马祖1号的阳性植株数分别为6株和2株,转化效率分别为3.70%和0.94%。结论:不同基因型大豆的转化率存在差异,抗冷冻蛋白基因成功遗传转化进大豆细胞中。     

‘新陆早33号’棉花转基因体系建立及AtPGIP1基因的导入

利用生物技术方法对棉花进行遗传改良主要限于有效的遗传转化系统。以新疆主栽优良陆地棉品种‘新陆早33号’为材料,利用下胚轴作为外植体对影响农杆菌介导的棉花遗传转化及体细胞胚胎发生的因素进行研究,成功建立了除草剂Basta筛选的棉花遗传转化技术体系。同时将植物抗病相关基因多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白基因AtPGIP1导入棉花,经过对再生转化植株的PCR鉴定,初步证明外源基因已经整合到棉花基因组。研究发现:Basta是棉花遗传转化中很有效的筛选剂,低浓度Basta(2.5mg/L)就能够获得很好的筛选效果;较低的共培养温度(20℃)及合适的农杆菌浓度(OD600=0.5)有助于提高转化效率。该研究结果表明,‘新陆早33号’具备作为棉花优良遗传转化受体的基本特征,研究中获得的15株AtPGIP1转基因植株经PCR分子检测均为阳性植株。该研究为新疆棉区棉花分子生物学研究及转基因育种研究奠定了重要基础。     

甜蛋白基因MBLII对番茄的遗传转化

以5～7d龄的 丽春 番茄无菌苗子叶作为外植体,研究了子叶外植体对抗生素卡那霉素的敏感性,抗生素卡那霉素对番茄筛选的适宜浓度为70mg/L.通过根癌农杆菌 Agrobacteriumtumefaciens 介导,成功地进行了马槟榔甜蛋白基因MBLII对番茄的遗传转化,获得转化番茄抗性植株,组织化学法有阳性表现、PCR特异扩增及Southern杂交检测出现特异条带,表明MBLII基因已顺利整合到转基因番茄植株的基因组.     

柱花草nptⅡ、hpt和bar基因优化转化体系的建立

以热研5号柱花草（Stylosanthes guianensis cv.Ryan No.5）为材料,系统地研究了不同选择标记基因NptⅡ、hpt和bar的柱花草转化体系.研究发现柱花草最适合基因转化的外植体是幼苗下胚轴.最佳愈伤组织形成和愈伤组织分化培养基为MS＋NAA 1.0 mg/L＋6-BA 4.0 mg/L＋3%蔗糖,pH6.最适宜外植体生根培养基是MS＋NAA 0 mg/L＋3%蔗糖（pH6）.Glufosinate选择压力为0.15 mg/L,Kanamycin选择压力为20 mg/L,Hygromycin选择压力为15 mg/L.在以上的优化转化系统中,柱花草幼苗下胚轴分别侵染带NptⅡ,hpt和bar基因的农杆菌（GV3101）后,可获得30%愈伤组织具有kanamycin抗性,5%愈伤组织具有Hygromycin抗性,50%的愈伤组织具有Glufosinate抗性.     

柱花草nptII、hpt和bar基因优化转化体系的建立

以热研5号柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis cv.Ryan No.5)为材料,系统地研究了不同选择标记基因NptII,hpt和bar的柱花草转化体系.研究发现柱花草最适合基因转化的外植体是幼苗下胚轴.最佳愈伤组织形成和愈伤组织分化培养基为M S+NAA 1.0m g/L+6B-A4.0m gL/+3%蔗糖,pH6.最适宜外植体生根培养基是MS+N AA0mg/L+3%蔗糖(pH6).Glufosinate选择压力为0.15m g/L,Kanam ycin选择压力为20mg/L,Hygrom ycin选择压力为15m g/L.在以上的优化转化系统中,柱花草幼苗下胚轴分别侵染带NptII,hpt和bar基因的农杆菌(GV 3101)后,可获得30%愈伤组织具有kanamycin抗性,5%愈伤组织具有Hygromycin抗性,50%的愈伤组织具有Glufosinate抗性.     

枳壳外植体离体再生及农杆菌介导的遗传转化

以枳壳实生苗的上胚轴及茎段为材料,在附加有ＢＡ和ＭＴ培养基上进行培养,上胚轴出芽率普遍高于茎段,ＢＡ为１ｍｇ／Ｌ时,出芽率最高,ＢＡ浓度升高,出芽率随之下降。外植体在培养基上的接种方式,对出芽有一定影响,上胚轴切段 形态学下端垂直插入,出芽率高。     

农杆菌介导的抗菌肽A基因转入沙田柚影响因素研究

以沙田柚上胚轴为对象,进行了农杆菌介导的抗菌肽shivaA基因转入沙田柚影响因素研究。研究结果表明转化中抑菌抗菌素以羧苄青霉素为首选,最佳转化条件为菌液稀释至OD6000.5,浸泡时间10min,共培养3d,卡那霉素起始选择浓度50μg/mL。农杆菌再悬浮液与共培养基中加入150μmol/L阿魏酸可提高转化频率。PCR与Southern杂交证明,外源基因已转入沙田柚基因组中。     

Chitinase gene transformation through Agrobacteriumand its explanation in soybean in order to induce resistance to root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Chitinase gene (chi) of bean which has been cloned in recombinant binary plasmid vector, pBI121 with 35s promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), were used for transformation of soybean using strain LBA4404 of Agrobacterium. The plasmid contained nptII gene that is a resistant gene to kanomycin as selector marker and Gus gene as reporter. Cotyledon explants of Williams and Clark cultivars were inoculated by Agrobacterium suspension with pBI121 and were cultured in regeneration medium. After complete regeneration of explants to seedling in B5 medium amended with kanomycin, polymerase chain reaction analysis were conducted to ensure conjugation of nptII, Gus, CHN genes in transformants seedling of soybean. Results showed that some lines of soybean contained Gus and CHN genes. More ever, chitinase activity in leaf extract of transformed soybean lines was significantly more than untransformed soybean, exception one sample. Bioassay of chitinase activity of transgenic lines on in vitro condition prevented mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani in comparison with untransformed control leaf extract.     

PSAG12-ipt嵌合基因转化马铃薯体系的研究

以根癌农杆菌介导法将PSAG12-ipt嵌合基因导入马铃薯栽培品种,对影响马铃薯遗传转化的多种因素进行系统研究.结果表明:马铃薯茎段分化效率高于叶片,马铃薯愈伤诱导和芽分化最适培养基为MS+6-BA 0.25mg/L+NAA 0.25mg/L+2,4-D 0.25mg/L,添加1%Na2SO3能有效防止褐化;茎段愈伤诱导和分化苗生根最适的Kan浓度分别为50mg/L和75mg/L;外植体预培养2d,OD600为0.2～0.5的农杆菌浓度侵染8min、共培养3d后进行选择培养能有效地提高植株再生能力.用PSAG12和ipt双重PCR检测再生植株,阳性转化率为65.8%.Southern blotting结果表明,转基因植株多以单拷贝形式整合进马铃薯基因组中.     

根癌农杆菌介导的高效大豆遗传转化体系的建立

利用根癌农杆菌对来自大豆成熟种子的胚尖进行遗传转化,研究了影响农杆菌介导大豆转化的各种因素,建立了一套优化的大豆遗传转化体系。研究结果表明:菌株KYRT1比EHA105和LBA4404具有更强的侵染能力;较酸的共培养基(pH5.4)、较低的培养温度(22℃)均有利于提高转化效率;恢复培养和分步抗性筛选方式有利于提高抗性组织的存活率和分化率。同时应用这种优化的遗传转化体系,获得了7个大豆品系的转基因植株,转化频率为4.29%-18%。经过PCR和Southern分析证明外源的双价抗虫基因cryIA(c)和pta已经整合到大豆的基因组中。     

Insect-resistant transgenic cabbage plants and their progenies

An insecticidal crystal protein gene of Bacillus thuringiensis was transferred into cabbage genome with the method of Agrobacterium infection. Cotyledons with petioles as explants were cocultivated with Agrobacterial suspension. Calli generated at the basis of petiole were subjected to selection on the MS medium containing 15-30 mg/L kanamycin (Km). About 5% explants produced calli growing continuously on the selective medium. Green shoots appeared on these calli when they were transplanted onto medium with Km and 6-BA for plant differentiation. The shoots were separated and cultivated on medium with kanamycin. About 80% shoots were rooted. Non-transformed control calli could not give normal shoots and roots and brownized and died gradually. Larvae of Pieris rapae showed poisonous symptoms: growth inhibition and mortality when fed with the leaf of the transgenic plants. About 80% of regenerated plants showed positive hybridization bands when their DNA were probed with crystal protein sequence of Bacillu     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium tumefaciens</Emphasis>-mediated transformation of Indian mulberry, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Morus indica</Emphasis> cv. K2: a time-phased screening strategy

An efficient and reproducible protocol for the production of transgenic plants was developed for Morus indica cv. K2 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The hypocotyls, cotyledon, leaf and leaf callus explants precultured for 5 days on regeneration medium were co-cultivated with a bacterial suspension at 10(9) cells/ml for 3 days in the dark. Infectivity of A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 was more than that of strains GV2260 and A281, and among the various plasmids tried, pBI121 and pBI101:Act1 transformed nearly 100% of the explants followed closely by p35SGUSINT. About 90-100% of the explants tested positive in the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical assay performed after 3 days of co-cultivation. This high level of transient expression, however, decreased to 20-25% after 15 days. Gus activity was most stable in the callus explants, which emerged as the explant of choice for transformation. The transformed explants were selected on 50-75 mg/l kanamycin for 1 month, and 25-50% of the explants developed adventitious buds. On the basis of kanamycin-resistant shoots produced from the total number of explants inoculated, the transformation efficiency was 44%. After 1 month, 40% of these shoots displayed high gus activity as assessed by the GUS fluorometric assay. On a selection-free root induction medium, 80% of the shoots developed roots and 90% of the potted plantlets acclimatized to the growth room conditions. The 3-month-old regenerates showed gus and nptII(neomycin phosphotransferase II) gene activity as assayed by the GUS fluorometric assay and nptII enzyme assay, followed by PCR polymerase chain reaction (54.5%) analysis after 6-months. Transgene integration into the nuclear genome of 1-year-old regenerates was confirmed in 10 of the 18 transformants tested by Southern analysis. The transformation efficiency as defined by the number of transgenic plants produced from the total number of explants co-cultivated was 6%.     

银柴胡离体培养与毛状根诱导技术初步研究

以银柴胡茎段为外植体,经消毒获得无菌再生材料后,筛选发根农杆菌介导毛状根诱导产生的最适条件。结果显示：最适的无菌消毒方法为：70%酒精浸5 s,0.1%升汞消毒3 min,获得了银柴胡离体培养材料;以发根农杆菌A4菌株介导的银柴胡毛状根诱导过程中,与叶片和不带腋芽茎段相比,带腋芽茎段为最适转化外植体,用OD600=0.8的菌液侵染茎段15 min,共培养3 d,800 mg/L头孢噻肟钠除菌,其诱导率及诱导密度最高,分别为100%和4.7,为最适诱导条件。研究结果说明在适合条件下,银柴胡带腋芽茎段适于诱导毛状根。