响应面法优化赤红球菌HDRR2Y发酵培养参数

通过响应面法对硝化菌——赤红球菌（Rhodococcus ruber）HDRR2Y的发酵培养参数进行优化,以提高其活菌数。首先通过单因素实验筛选出赤红球菌HDRR2Y的最优碳、氮源,并采用Plackett-Burman实验得到影响活菌数的显著因素,然后进行响应面实验,经最陡爬坡及回归分析得出最佳培养参数,最后以摇瓶实验检验其合理性。结果显示,赤红球菌HDRR2Y的最优碳、氮源分别为乙酸钠和酵母膏+蛋白胨+氯化铵（1：1：1,质量比）,显著影响活菌数的因素有碳、氮源及温度,经回归分析得到的最优培养参数为乙酸钠5.48 g/L、酵母膏+蛋白胨+氯化铵4.96 g/L、温度29.24 ℃、pH 7.0、转速200 r/min、MgSO₄ 0.2 g/L, KH₂PO₄ 0.5 g/L, NaCl 9 g/L, CaCl₂ 0.5 g/L, MnSO₄ 0.025 g/L, FeSO₄ 0.05 g/L, C₅H₉NO₄ 0.002 g/L、接种活菌数1×10⁴ cfu/mL、装液量40%(体积分数)、培养时间36 h。优化后的实际活菌数为1.54×10⁹ cfu/mL,远高于优化前的活菌数（1.8×10⁸ cfu/mL）(P<0.01)。因此,采用响应面法优化赤红球菌HDRR2Y的发酵培养参数能大幅提高其发酵活菌数,为硝化菌剂的工业化生产提供数据参考。     

利用响应面分析法优化胶质类芽胞杆菌初级种子培养基

采用响应面分析法（RSM）对胶质类芽胞杆菌的初级种子培养基进行了优化,以提高其菌体密度和后续发酵效率。首先采用单因子试验筛选出提升菌体密度的适宜碳源和氮源,分别为麦芽糖和胰蛋白胨,在此基础上采用Plackett Burman(PB)试验设计法,对9种影响菌体生长繁殖的因素进行了评价,结果表明,麦芽糖和MgSO₄·7H₂O对菌体繁殖影响最为显著。用快速登高试验逼近关键因素的最大响应区域,通过中心组合试验和验证试验,获得胶质类芽胞杆菌优化培养基成分为麦芽糖 2.5 g/L,胰蛋白胨1.0 g/L,MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.73 g/L,K₂HPO₄·3H₂O 0.4 g/L,NaCl 0.06 g/L,FeCl₃ 0.6 mg/L,水杨酸10 mg/L,CaCO₃ 1.0 g/L。使用该优化培养基可将菌体密度较优化前提高了近10倍,含量达到4.12×10² cfu/mL。结果为提高胶质类芽胞杆菌的生产发酵水平和保证产品质量提供依据。     

一株维氏气单胞菌发酵培养基优化及其制备疫苗免疫效力比较

采用单因素试验、响应面试验法对维氏气单胞菌（Aeromonas veronii）发酵培养基的氮源、碳源、无机盐和磷酸盐成分及用量进行优化组合,确定优化培养基组成：胰蛋白胨10.8 g/L,葡萄糖5.0 g/L,牛肉膏3.0 g/L,磷酸二氢钾2.0 g/L,硫酸镁0.4 g/L,NaCl 5.0 g/L。并与基础培养基的发酵活菌数、制备的灭活疫苗免疫效力进行比较,经过验证试验绘制维氏气单胞菌在优化培养基条件下的7 L发酵罐生长曲线。在优化发酵培养基条件下,维氏气单胞菌活菌数为5.94×10⁹ cfu/mL,比基础培养基增幅43.13%;制备的灭活疫苗相对保护率为77.78%,比基础培养基提高了14.81%。7 L发酵罐发酵培养10 h,活菌数达到最大8.85×10⁹ cfu/mL。通过对发酵培养基的优化,可以获得低成本、优质高效的维氏气单胞菌发酵菌液,为今后维氏气单胞菌灭活疫苗规模化发酵培养提供参考。     

保水功能菌枯草芽胞杆菌LX-1固态发酵的工艺优化

γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)对土壤保水和提高植物抗逆性具有明显作用,为了利用农产品加工下脚料发酵生产含有γ-PGA的保水功能肥料,对福建省微生物研究所环境微生物研究室分离到的产γ-PGA的枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)LX-1的固态发酵培养基配比进行优化。实验以发酵产物的荧光素双醋酸酯酶(FDA)酶活和增比黏度为指标,在通过单因素实验选定固态发酵料的碳源、氮源、无机盐溶液的最佳配比以及无机盐较佳添加量的基础上,通过拟水平均匀设计U₇* (7⁴试验,得出菌株LX-1固态发酵的最佳培养基配方：V豆粕V麦麸V无机盐溶液=644,其中无机盐溶液的最佳配方为K₂HPO₄·3H₂O 5.24 g/L、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.78 g/L、NaCl 11.67 g/L。为利用农产品加工下脚料发酵生产含γ-PGA保水肥料提供参考。     

无机盐和碳氮源对青霉PT95类胡萝卜素产率的影响*

供试的 4种无机盐中 ,K₂ HPO₄的单因子效应最好 ;K₂ HPO₄+KCl +MgSO₄表现出最好的正协同效应。 5种碳源都能被PT95菌株利用 ,麦芽糖和蔗糖是最适碳源。在以酵母膏为氮源的培养基上 ,PT95菌株的菌核生物量最高 ;而在以蛋白胨为氮源的培养基上 ,类胡萝卜素产率最高 ;铵盐和尿素对菌核形成不利 ;硝酸钠是最好的无机氮源。培养基中的含氮量保持在 0.24～ 0.48g L,含     

枯草芽胞杆菌甘露聚糖酶发酵条件优化

旨在以枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis J为生产菌株,发酵生产β-甘露聚糖酶,通过优化产酶条件,以达到提高β-甘露聚糖酶产量的目的。利用DNS比色法检测β-甘露聚糖酶活力,采用单因素试验,研究碳氮源种类及碳氮源浓度、温度、pH、接种量和装液量对菌株Bacillus subtilis J发酵产β-甘露聚糖酶的影响,结合响应面试验设计确定菌株Bacillus subtilis J发酵产甘露聚糖酶的最优发酵培养条件。单因素试验和响应面试验得到最优的发酵条件为魔芋粉28 g/L,胰蛋白胨21 g/L,K₂HPO₄ 6 g/L,MgSO₄·7H₂O 1 g/L,温度31 ℃,pH值 8.5,接种量1%（体积分数）,装液量50 mL/250 mL,发酵周期24 h。利用优化后的培养基生产β-甘露聚糖酶,其酶活力达到84.38 U/mL,是初始发酵培养基产酶活力的3.36倍。通过对发酵条件的优化,大幅度提高了β-甘露聚糖酶的产量,为其工业生产提供数据参考。     

假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺研究

对假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺条件进行了一系列研究。选择了合适的培养基成分并进行优化 ,获得了最优的摇瓶培养基配方 (% ,W/V) :豆油 4.0 ,全脂豆粉 4.0 ,K₂HPO₄0.1,KH₂PO₄ 0.1。产酶水平能达到 5000IU/mL。在 30L发酵罐上进行初步放大实验 ,其产酶水平能达到 8100IU/mL。在1m³发酵罐上进行中试放大 ,产酶水平可达到 8000IU/mL。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B115优化培养及其对气单胞菌的抗菌效果的研究*

采用正交实验设计确定了枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B115的基础培养基成份为:胰蛋白胨1%,酵母膏0.25%,氯化钠0.5%;添加成份最优组合为(NH₄)₂SO₄0.1%,(K₂HPO₄+KH₂PO₄)(1.4+0.6)%和柠檬酸三钠0.1%;添加成分最优组合与基础培养基培养产量比较,表明添加K⁺     

假单胞菌1299产胆固醇酯酶的研究——Ⅰ.适宜的产酶条件

从土壤中分离到一株产胞外胆固醇酯酶较高的假单胞菌。其适宜产酶条件:油脂0.75%脲素或NaNO₃ 0.2%,酵母膏0.5%,K₂HPO₄0.2%,pH7.5,28—30℃,通气培养,20小时内酶活力可达800—1500u/L。     

假单胞菌1299产胆固醇酯酶的研究 Ⅰ.适宜的产酶条件

从土壤中分离到一株产胞外胆固醇酯酶较高的假单胞菌。其适宜产酶条件:油脂0.75%,脲素或NaNO₃0.2%,酵母膏0.5%,K₂HPO₄0.2%,pH7.5,28—30℃,通气培养,20小时内酶活力可达800—1500u/L。     

Characterization of the antigen SO7 during development of Eimeria tenella

The developmental expression of the antigen SO7, which has been previously shown to protect chickens against infection by several Eimeria species, was investigated. Using RT-PCR, mRNA for SO7 was found to be restricted primarily to unsporulated oocysts (0 hr). Western blot (WB) analysis with an antibody to recombinant SO7 (rbSO7) revealed expression of the protein from 6 to 72 hr (fully sporulated) of sporulation and in sporozoites (SZ). SO7 was absent in host-derived second-stage merozoites (MZ) and was present in culture-derived first-stage MZ but at a level of only 25% of that exhibited by SZ. During invasion of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells by SZ in vitro, the level of SO7 within cells, as determined by WB analysis, remained relatively constant until 48 hr of development and then decreased by about 40% at the next time point (72 hr). The SO7 secreted into the culture media during in vitro development increased to a relative maximum at 48 hr and then decreased to about 20% of maximum at 72 hr. Immunostaining with anti-rbSO7 indicates that SO7 is highly concentrated in both refractile bodies (RB) of SZ, with some limited distribution in the apical complex. Anti-rbSO7 intensively stained the intracellular parasites and the first-stage schizonts during in vitro development of E. tenella in MDBK cells. Upon release from the schizonts, the first-stage merozoites stained with 1 or 2 bright spots typically at each end. The results suggest that SO7 is closely associated with the SZ RB and is developmentally regulated but may not play a direct role in cellular invasion.     

Fermentation of 10% (w/v) Sugar to D(−)-Lactate by Engineered Escherichia coli B

Derivatives of ethanologenic Escherichia coli K011 were constructed for D: (-)-lactate production by deleting genes encoding competing pathways followed by metabolic evolution, a growth-based selection for mutants with improved performance. Resulting strains, SZ132 and SZ186, contain native genes for sucrose utilization. No foreign genes are present in SZ186. Strain SZ132 also contains a chromosomally integrated endoglucanase gene (Erwinia chrysanthemi celY). Strain SZ132 produced over 1 mol lactate per liter of complex medium containing 10% (w/v) sugar (fermentation times of 48 h for glucose, 120 h for sucrose). Both strains produced 667-700 mmol lactate per liter of mineral salts medium. Yields for metabolized sugar ranged from 88% to 95% in both media.     

Development of a serum-free medium using computer-assisted factorial design and analysis

Stepwise screening of media supplements using factorial design and analysis was employed in the development of serum-free medium for a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell line. The effects (growth and target protein production) of different combinations were measured at two time points to ensure adequate response. The results were analysed by a computer program specialized in factorial analysis. The formulation deduced from the previous experiment was used as the new basal medium for the next screening. Certain significant nutrients were studied again in a more advanced formulation in order to analyse the potential synergistic effects with new media components. Compared to cells grown in serum-containing medium, cells adapted to the final formulation of the serum-free medium had a comparable growth rate but a four fold increase in the active protein production.Abbreviations ANOVA Analysis of variance - BSA bovine serum albumin - CHO Chinese hamster ovary - FBS fetal bovine serum - MTT 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide - PBS phosphate buffered saline - SFM serum-free medium     

Dose dependent alteration in lipid and carbohydrate metabolites in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

1. A relationship is established between different doses of intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin (SZ) and the degree of hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. 2. Changes in serum level of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and NEFA were determined after intraperitoneal administration of three different doses (55 mg, 85 mg and 125 mg/kg body weight) of SZ. Cholesterol level was significantly (P less than 0.001) elevated after 72 hrs only in the animals which received 85 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg SZ. 3. Dose dependent changes in NEFA and triglycerides could be observed after 24 hrs of SZ administration. 4. Diabetic animals consistently showed triphasic blood sugar response, initial hyperglycemia at 5-7 hrs, profound hypoglycemia in between 8-12 hrs and finally an irreversible hyperglycemic state by 24 hrs and onwards. 5. Liver and muscle glycogen were continuously decreased except a significant rise at 12 hrs coinciding with hypoglycemic phase. During the experimental period SZ treated rats continuously lost weight, while control animals progressively gained weight. In summary these changes indicated that diabetogenicity is dose dependent and the severity can be judged by elevated lipid metabolites.     

Functional replacement of the Escherichia coli D-(-)-lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhA) with the L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhL) from Pediococcus acidilactici

The microbial production of L-(+)-lactic acid is rapidly expanding to allow increased production of polylactic acid (PLA), a renewable, biodegradable plastic. The physical properties of PLA can be tailored for specific applications by controlling the ratio of L-(+) and D-(-) isomers. For most uses of PLA, the L-(+) isomer is more abundant. As an approach to reduce costs associated with biocatalysis (complex nutrients, antibiotics, aeration, product purification, and waste disposal), a recombinant derivative of Escherichia coli W3110 was developed that contains five chromosomal deletions (focA-pflB frdBC adhE ackA ldhA). This strain was constructed from a D-(-)-lactic acid-producing strain, SZ63 (focA-pflB frdBC adhE ackA), by replacing part of the chromosomal ldhA coding region with Pediococcus acidilactici ldhL encoding an L-lactate dehydrogenase. Although the initial strain (SZ79) grew and fermented poorly, a mutant (SZ85) was readily isolated by selecting for improved growth. SZ85 exhibited a 30-fold increase in L-lactate dehydrogenase activity in comparison to SZ79, functionally replacing the native D-lactate dehydrogenase activity. Sequencing revealed mutations in the upstream, coding, and terminator regions of ldhL in SZ85, which are presumed to be responsible for increased L-lactate dehydrogenase activity. SZ85 produced L-lactic acid in M9 mineral salts medium containing glucose or xylose with a yield of 93 to 95%, a purity of 98% (based on total fermentation products), and an optical purity greater than 99%. Unlike other recombinant biocatalysts for L-lactic acid, SZ85 remained prototrophic and is devoid of plasmids and antibiotic resistance genes.     

Bicarbonate-dependent pH(i) regulation by chondrocytes within the superficial zone of bovine articular cartilage

Control of chondrocyte pH (pH(i)) determines articular cartilage matrix metabolism. However, the transporters of chondrocytes in situ throughout cartilage zones are unclear, and we tested the hypothesis that chondocytes within the superficial zone (SZ) utilise a HCO(3) (-)-dependent system absent from other zones. Imaging of single BCECF-labelled cells was used to monitor the pH(i) of in situ chondrocytes within the cartilage zones, and also that of cells isolated from the SZ or full depth (FD) explants. Resting pH(i) and intrinsic buffering power (beta(i)) in HEPES-buffered saline was not different between SZ and DZ cells, however the pH(i) of SZ chondrocytes was lower in HCO(3) (-) saline. Ammonium pre-pulse was used to acid-load cells and pH(i) recovery by in situ or isolated SZ chondrocytes shown to be totally dependent on HCO(3) (-). pH(i) recovery rate was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for in situ cells, suggesting that isolation damaged the HCO(3) (-)-dependent system. Recovery of pH(i) by in situ cells was blocked by the anion transport inhibitor DIDS, and partially inhibited by EIPA probably non-specifically. Recovery of pH(i) by acidified MZ or DZ cells or those isolated from FD explants was not affected by HCO(3) (-) (P > 0.05). Na(+)-dependent HCO(3) (-)-(NBC) transporters were identified in SZ chondrocytes by fluorescence immunohistochemistry suggesting that this system might account for the HCO(3) (-)-dependent recovery of pH(i). Bovine articular cartilage chondrocytes possess a HCO(3) (-)-dependent transporter which plays a key role in pH(i) regulation in cells in the SZ, but not in chondrocytes within deeper cartilage zones.     

建立维生素K_1微生物限度测定方法

目的:根据计数培养基适用性检查和计数方法适用性试验结果,建立维生素K1微生物限度测定方法。方法:以聚山梨酯80作为乳化剂,使维生素K1在p H 7.0无菌氯化钠-蛋白胨缓冲液中充分乳化。取1:20供试液1 m L,按平皿法分别用营养琼脂培养基和玫瑰红钠琼脂培养基培养,以计数细菌、霉菌和酵母菌。结果:验证所用培养基的菌落平均数均大于对照培养基上的70%,且菌落形态大小一致。稀释液对照组和试验组培养基上菌落平均数的回收率均大于70%,且菌落形态大小一致。三批维生素K1及其加速和长期稳定性样品中均未见菌落。结论:所选培养基适宜大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌生长。且含聚山梨酯80的p H 7.0无菌氯化钠-蛋白胨缓冲液和维生素K1对所含大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌无抑菌性。     

两个苏丹草品系成熟种子的组织培养和植株再生研究

该研究以苏丹草品系S722和Sa的成熟种子为外植体、MS培养基为基础培养基,2,4-D和NAA各3个浓度共6个处理对这两个苏丹草品系成熟种子进行愈伤诱导,探讨不同品系在不同植物生长物质浓度及植物生长物质组合中诱导愈伤组织和继代培养以及分化的能力。结果表明：苏丹草S722和Sa成熟种子的愈伤诱导率差异不显著,平均诱导率为17.19％。诱导培养基中2,4-D浓度为0.5或1 mg?L-1时,诱导效果最佳,而添加NAA不能提高愈伤诱导率。在继代培养中,设定2,4-D和6-BA各两个浓度共4个处理组合,处理1(2,4-D 1 mg?L-1＋6-BA 0 mg?L-1)的继代培养效果最佳。为了解不同植物生长物质对愈伤分化的影响,设定6-BA、NAA 各两个不同浓度、KT 3个不同浓度共5个处理组合对继代培养的愈伤进行分化培养。在5个处理中,处理1(6-BA 2 mg?L-1＋NAA 0 mg?L-1＋KT 0 mg?L-1)对 S722成熟种子诱导的愈伤分化率最高,达33.3％。在这两个苏丹草品系中,S722更容易分化培养。综上结果表明,2,4-D浓度为1 mg?L-1时诱导愈伤和继代培养效果较好,6-BA浓度为2 mg?L-1时分化效果较好。另外,针对不同苏丹草品系进行组织培养和植株再生时,适当调整植物生长物质浓度能提高植株再生的成功率。     

Association Study of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit 2B (GRIN2B) Polymorphisms and Schizophrenia Symptoms in the Han Chinese Population

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a common and complex psychiatric disorder that has a significant genetic component. The glutamatergic system is the major excitatory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system, and is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Disturbances in this system have been hypothesized to play a major role in SZ pathogenesis. Several studies have revealed that the NMDA receptor subunit 2B (GRIN2B) potentially associates with SZ and its psychiatric symptoms. In this study, we performed a case–control study to identify polymorphisms of the GRIN2B gene that may confer susceptibility to SZ in the Han Chinese population. Thirty-four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 528 paranoid SZ patients and 528 control subjects. A significant association was observed in allele and genotype between SZ and controls at rs2098469 (χ² = 8.425 and 4.994; p = 0.025 and 0.014, respectively). Significant associations were found in the allele at rs12319804 (χ² = 4.436; p = 0.035), as well as in the genotype at rs12820037 and rs7298664 between SZ and controls (χ² = 11.162 and 38.204; p = 0.003 and 4.27×10^-8, respectively). After applying the Bonferroni correction, rs7298664 still had significant genotype associations with SZ (p = 1.71×10^-7). In addition, rs2098469 genotype and allele frequencies, and 12820037 allele frequencies were nominally associated with SZ. Three haplotypes, CGA (rs10845849—rs12319804—rs10845851), CC (rs12582848—rs7952915), and AAGAC (rs2041986—rs11055665—rs7314376—rs7297101—rs2098469), had significant differences between SZ and controls (χ² = 4.324, 4.582, and 4.492; p = 0.037, 0.032, and 0.034, respectively). In addition, three SNPs, rs2098469, rs12820037, and rs7298664, were significantly associated with cognition factors PANSS subscores in SZ (F = 16.799, 7.112, and 13.357; p = 0.000, 0.017, and 0.000, respectively). In conclusion, our study provides novel evidence for an association between GRIN2B polymorphisms and SZ susceptibility and symptoms in the Han Chinese population.