木瓜凝乳蛋白酶的酶学性质研究

以酪蛋白为底物,木瓜凝乳蛋白酶的最适反应温度为80℃(pH7.0),最适pH为3-5(37℃)。在pH为7.0、反应温度为37℃的条件下,木瓜凝乳蛋白酶的Km值为1.25g·L-1,Vmax为0.1 g·L-1min-1。低浓度的NaCl和Ca2+对木瓜凝乳蛋白酶有激活作用,盐酸胍对其有抑制作用。     

一种食源性溶栓酶的分离纯化与部分酶学性质的研究

目的对以豆渣为原料,接种纳豆菌的发酵物分离纯化和酶学性质研究。方法采用生理盐水浸提、(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100凝胶层析等纯化步骤,得到层析纯的食源性溶栓酶-纳豆激酶,结果经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示为二个组分。酶学性质研究表明,以酪蛋白为底物时,最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH为8.0,在pH7~9溶液中,37℃以下基本稳定。体外溶栓作用表明,纳豆激酶溶解纤维蛋白的方式主要是直接溶解,而不是纤溶酶原激活剂。     

一株β-葡萄糖苷酶产生菌株的分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

【目的】分离获得β-葡萄糖苷酶高产菌株,确定该菌分类地位,并对其所产β-葡萄糖苷酶的酶学性质进行初步研究。【方法】采用七叶灵显色法从土壤样品中筛选β-葡萄糖苷酶产生菌,再用对硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)显色法进行复筛;通过形态特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列相似性分析等方法确定其分类学地位;利用超滤、疏水层析、阴离子层析、分子筛层析法对β-葡萄糖苷酶进行分离纯化;以PNPG为底物,测定β-葡萄糖苷酶的最适反应pH及最适反应温度,通过双倒数作图法确定β-葡萄糖苷酶催化不同底物水解的米氏常数Km值。【结果】从土壤样品中筛选得到一株β-葡萄糖苷酶高产菌株ZF-6C,初步鉴定为Bacillus korlensis;芽胞杆菌ZF-6C所产β-葡萄糖苷酶的分子量约为90 kD,最适反应pH和温度分别为7.0和40°C,该酶具有水解β(1,4)糖苷键的活性,最适底物为邻硝基苯-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,Km值为0.73 mmol/L。金属离子Ca2+、Pb2+增强酶活,而Cu2+、Fe2+抑制酶活。【结论】首次报道从Bacillus korlensis中分离得到β-葡萄糖苷酶,Bacillus korlensis ZF-6C所产β-葡萄糖苷酶在分子量、最适反应条件及底物特异性等方面均不同于已知酶,可能为一结构新颖且催化效率较高的β-葡萄糖苷酶。     

球孢白僵菌Bb174固态发酵产几丁质酶产酶及酶学特征研究

对球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)Bb174产几丁质酶进行了固态发酵条件及酶学特征的研究．结果表明,以4：1麸皮：蚕蛹粉、蛋白胨1g·L^-1作为产酶最适培养基,在7．5g培养基中接种3ml液态种子,自然pH下28℃培养2d,酶活可达最高,为126U·g^-1(干培养基)．粗酶液的最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH5．0,在30-70℃保温1h,得半失活温度48℃．在30--40℃、pH4～6范围内,酶的性质最稳定．根据Lineweaver-Burk作图法,得到该酶的动力学参数Km为0．52mg·ml^-1,Vm为0．7△E680·h^-1．     

枯草芽孢杆菌SA-22β-甘露聚糖酶的纯化及其特性

利用硫酸铵沉淀、羟基磷灰石柱层析、SephadexG 75凝胶过滤和DEAE 5 2离子交换柱层析的方法 ,将枯草芽孢杆菌SA 2 2 β 甘露聚糖酶纯化了 30 75倍 ,同时 ,该酶比活达到 34780 5 6u mg ,收率达到 2 3 4 3%。利用SDS PAGE凝胶电泳和SephadexG 75凝胶过滤的方法测得枯草芽孢杆菌SA 2 2 β 甘露聚糖酶的分子量分别为 38kD和34kD。实验发现该酶的最适pH为 6 5 ,在pH 5～ 10的范围内稳定 ;该酶最适温度为 70℃ ,在 5 0℃保温 4h后其活力不变 ,在 6 0℃保温 4h后剩余酶活为 74 2 % ,70℃的酶活半衰期为 3h。实验还发现Hg2 对酶活力有明显抑制作用。该酶对槐豆胶和魔芋胶的Km 和Vmax值分别为 11 30mg mL ,4 76mg mL和 188 6 8(μmol·mL- 1 ·min- 1 ) ,114 94(μmol·mL- 1 ·min- 1 )     

基因工程菌1016氨基酰化酶的酶学性质研究

研究了基因工程菌 1 0 1 6所产的氨基酰化酶的酶学特性。该酶的拆分速率符合米氏方程 ,且在 0 .5mol/L的高底物浓度下 ,无底物抑制现象。 37℃时的米氏常数和最大反应速率分别为 0 .0 4 8mmol/L和 2 .1 78mmol/L·h。最适反应温度为 5 5℃。5 5℃时 ,Km为 0 .0 37mmol/L ,Vmax为 2 .5 5 8mmol/L·h。最适底物为乙酰蛋氨酸 ;热稳定性好。     

高效溶栓酶——纳豆激酶的纯化及酶学性质研究

采用硫酸铵分步盐析,Sepharose CM FF离子交换层析和Superdex 75凝胶色谱,对纳豆激酶发酵液进行分离纯化,得到电泳纯的纳豆激酶。并研究了纳豆激酶的酶学性质,实验结果表明,纳豆激酶的最适作用温度为37℃,温度对酶稳定性影响显著;NK的最适作用pH为7.4,pH6~8范围内酶活相对稳定;EDTA、pepstatin、aprotin ine和PMSF对酶有抑制作用,而SBTI和TPCK对酶有激活作用,其中以EDTA的作用最为明显;Zn2 对酶活有较大的抑制作用;A l3 、Cu2 对酶也有一定程度的抑制;Mg2 、Ca2 、是较好的酶活稳定剂和促进剂。     

毛壳霉内切菊粉酶的纯化与性质

毛壳霉 (Chaetomiumsp .)C34发酵液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE 纤维素 11离子交换层析、Q SepharoseFastFlow离子交换层析、SephacrylS 2 0 0凝胶过滤、PhenolSepharoseTM HP疏水层析 ,得到电泳纯的内切菊粉酶组分 ,纯化倍数为 30 8倍 ,活力回收率为 7 7%。用SDS PAGE测得该酶亚基的分子量为 6 6kD。菊粉酶的最适pH为 6 0 ,最适温度为 5 0～ 5 5℃。菊粉酶在 5 0℃以下 ,pH5 0～ 8 0时较稳定。Cu2 完全抑制酶的活性 ,Mn2 、Zn2 、Fe2 、EDTA以及NBS(N bromosuccinimide ,N 溴代丁二酰亚胺 )对该酶有很强的抑制作用。该酶对菊粉有较强底物专一性 ,产物主要为低聚果糖 ,也可作用于蔗糖 ,I S值为 2 0。以菊粉为底物时 ,Km 为 0 199mmol L ,Vmax为 115 μmol (mg·min)。     

以伴刀豆球蛋白为介质定向固定化脲酶的研究

将戊二醛将伴刀豆球蛋白(ConA)和壳聚糖载体交联, 然后利用ConA与脲酶糖链的特异性结合作用, 实现脲酶的定向固定化。定向固定化的最适条件为戊二醛浓度3.5%、ConA浓度1 mg/mL、ConA溶液pH值7.0、脲酶浓度 0.4 mg/mL。定向固定化脲酶的最适pH 5.0~6.0、最适温度77°C、米氏常数Km11.76 mmol/L, 与游离酶及非定向固定化脲酶比较, 定向固定化脲酶的最适pH向酸性范围发生了偏移并有更宽的pH适用范围, 最适温度提高, 与底物的亲和力较大, 且有较好的操作稳定性。     

以伴刀豆球蛋白为介质定向固定化脲酶的研究

将戊二醛将伴刀豆球蛋白(ConA)和壳聚糖载体交联,然后利用ConA与脲酶糖链的特异性结合作用,实现脲酶的定向固定化.定向固定化的最适条件为戊二醛浓度3.5%、ConA浓度1mg/mL、ConA溶液pH值7.0、脲酶浓度0.4mg/mL.定向固定化脲酶的最适pH 5.0～6.0、最适温度77℃,米氏常数Km11.76mmol/L,与游离酶及非定向固定化脲酶比较,定向固定化脲酶的最适pH向酸性范围发生了偏移并有更宽的pH适用范围,最适温度提高,与底物的亲和力较大,且有较好的操作稳定性.     

Some characteristics of the cellulase of Aspergillus candidus

Summary The effects of pH, temperature and substrate concentration on the cellulase (B-1,4-endoglucanase) activity ofA. candidus were studied. Maximum enzyme activities were obtained when the concentration of the substrate (CMC) was 6 mg per ml, at pH 4, and temperature 50 C. The enzyme retained 85% of its original activity under optimal conditions of pH and temperature after 36 hours of incubation. The Km constant of the reaction was calculated as 2.3 mg of CMC per ml and the energy of activation of the enzyme as 7.92 k cal per mole.     

Purification of L-asparaginase from a bacteria Erwinia carotovora and effect of a dihydropyrimidine derivative on some of its kinetic parameters

L-Asparaginase shows antileukemic activity and is generally administered in the body in combination with other anticancer drugs like pyrimidine derivatives. In the present study, L-asparaginase was purified from a bacteria Erwinia carotovora and the effect of a dihydropyrimidine derivative (1-amino-6-methyl-4-phenyl-2-thioxo, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester) was studied on the kinetic parameters Km and Vmax of the enzyme using L-asparagine as substrate. The enzyme had optimum activity at pH 8.6 and temperature 35 degrees C, both in the absence and presence of pyrimidine derivative and substrate saturation concentration at 6 mg/ml. For the enzymatic reaction in the absence and presence (1 to 3 mg/ml) of dihydropyrimidine derivative, Km values were 7.14, 5.26, 4.0, and 5.22 M, and Vmax values were 0.05, 0.035, 0.027 and 0.021 mg/ml/min, respectively. The kinetic values suggested that activity of enzyme was enhanced in the presence of dihydropyrimidine derivative.     

蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆酶解动力学

为了掌握蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆的酶解特性,研究了不同底物浓度、酶浓度、温度对反应速率的影响。运用米氏方程对酶解动力学过程进行拟合,结果表明,纤维素酶对该玉米秸秆的水解反应在反应前3 h符合一级反应,可用米氏方程对其进行拟合。在转速为120 r/min、酶浓度为1.2 FPU/mL、pH 5.0、温度为45 ℃时米氏常数Km为11.71 g/L,最大反应速率Vm为1.5 g/(L·h)。确立了包括底物浓度、酶浓度、温度在内的酶解动力学模型,该模型适合温度为30 ℃~50 ℃。     

巴西橡胶树胶乳磷脂酶A_2的分离纯化及部分酶学性质鉴定

通过丙酮沉淀、DEAE-纤维素离子交换柱层析和Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤柱层析等分离纯化技术,对巴西橡胶树胶乳C-乳清磷脂酶A2进行分离纯化。用SDS-PAGE测定其亚基的相对分子量。测定该酶最适温度和pH,动力学常数Km和Vmax。并测定Ca2+和La3+对酶活性的影响。结果显示:该酶被纯化了49.47倍,产率为5.12%。SDS-PAGE检测为单一条带,其亚基相对分子量约43kDa。最适反应温度为37℃,最适反应pH为8.0,Km为0.44mmol·L-1,Vmax为7.22μmol.(mL.min)-1。最适Ca2+浓度为50μmol·L-1,稀土元素La3+离子对磷脂酶A2活性有抑制作用,但加入Ca2+后可缓解La3+对磷脂酶A2活性的抑制作用。胶乳C-乳清磷脂酶A2与其他植物磷脂酶A2在Ca2+的依赖性上存在差异。研究结果为今后探索橡胶树胶乳磷脂酶A2的催化机理、调节机理及生理功能等奠定了基础。     

大鼠肝脏过氧化氢酶的分离纯化及性质

根据过氧化氢酶的催化特性,采用盐析,透析,离心等技术,从大鼠肝脏中分离纯化过氧化氢酶,提纯倍数达到26倍,酶活性回收率为57%。为一般实验室分离纯化大鼠过氧化氢酶提供了一种有效的方法。酶学性质研究表明,该酶最适温度为37℃,最适pH值为7.5,在此条件下,以过氧化氢为底物的Km值为56 mmol.L-1。     

The pH and temperature dependence of the activity of the high Km cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase of bakers' yeast

The hydrolysis of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate by the high Km cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase of bakers' yeast was studied over a range of temperature and pH at I = 0.17. The effects of ionic strength and MgCl2 concentration were studied at pH 7.7 and 30 degrees C. Km and Vmax were insensitive to changes in the MgCl2 concentration between 1 and 30 mM, implying that this enzyme (which does not require free divalent metal ions) does not discriminate between free cyclic AMP- and the Mg-cyclic AMP+ complex. Vmax decreased below pH 6.8 because of protonation of a group required in the basic form in the enzyme x substrate complex. On the basis of its pK (5.46 at 30 degrees C) and delta H (23 kJ/mol) this group was tentatively identified as imidazole. Vmax/Km decreased above pH 6.8 because of ionization of a group required in the acid form in the free enzyme, with a pK of 7.88 at 30 degrees C and a delta H of about 13 kJ/mol. Several possibilities exist for the identity of this group, the most likely being a second imidazole, sulfhydryl, or a water molecule bonded to tightly bound zinc. At pH 7.90, log Vmax and log Km both changed linearly with 1/T (between 12 degrees C and 37 degrees C) with enthalpies of 47 and 55 kJ/mol, respectively. Consequently, at low enough cyclic AMP concentration, the rate of reaction at pH 7.90 decreases slightly when the temperature is increased. This is also true at higher pH, but in the physiological pH range (6.4 to 7.5) Vmax/Km and, therefore, the rate of reaction at very low cyclic AMP concentration were nearly independent of temperature. Under physiological conditions, the Km approaches the upper limit of in vivo cyclic AMP concentrations in yeast, and at normal in vivo cyclic AMP concentrations the pH optimum is within or below the physiological range of pH in yeast.     

D-核糖发酵过程中底物抑制及补料的研究

研究了初始葡萄糖浓度对D -核糖发酵的影响 ,证实了较高的葡萄糖浓度对D -核糖发酵的抑制作用 ,并确定了较为适宜的初始葡萄糖浓度为 1 0 0g·L-1 或 1 5 0g·L-1 。前者条件下D -核糖的转化率和生产强度均达最大 ,分别为 32 8g·kg-1 和0 .6 8g·L-1 ·h-1 ;后者条件下D -核糖的产量达最大值 39.4 8g·L-1 。针对底物抑制现象 ,研究了补料工艺对D -核糖发酵的影响 ,确定发酵 2 4h后补加 5 0g·L-1 的葡萄糖为较优的补料工艺 ,在此工艺条件下最终D -核糖产量相对于对照组提高了 4 8.3%。     

Effects of acid-base imbalance on pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme in vivo

The effects of acid-base balance disturbances on pulmonary endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were studied in anesthetized mechanically ventilated rabbits. Enzyme function was estimated from [3H]benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro ([3H]BPAP) utilization under first-order reaction conditions during a single transpulmonary passage and expressed as 1) substrate metabolism (M), 2) Amax/Km (Amax being equal to the product of enzyme mass and the constant of product formation), and 3) (Amax/Km)/100 ml blood flow. When respiratory acidosis/alkalosis was produced by altering respiratory rate at constant airway pressure, substrate (BPAP) utilization varied proportionally to arterial pH and inversely proportionally to arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) (P less than 0.05). Percent BPAP metabolism (%M) ranged from 92 +/- 3 (respiratory alkalosis) to 85 +/- 3 (normal), 82 +/- 3 (respiratory acidosis), and 78 +/- 2% (severe respiratory acidosis). Amax/Km similarly decreased from 899 +/- 129 to 825 +/- 143, 601 +/- 74, and 450 +/- 34 ml/min, respectively, and (Amax/Km)/100 ml blood flow was reduced from 176 +/- 26 to 131 +/- 22, 111 +/- 12, and 97 +/- 5, respectively. However, when respiratory acidosis/alkalosis was produced by altering both respiratory rate and airway pressure, no changes were observed in either %M, Amax/Km or (Amax/Km)/100 ml blood flow. Similarly metabolic alkalosis or acidosis did not alter M, Amax/Km or (Amax/Km)/100 ml blood flow. These results indicate that pulmonary endothelial ACE function can be affected by acid-base disturbances, probably indirectly through changes in perfused microvascular surface area.     

混配杀虫剂对美洲大蠊初孵若虫乙酰胆碱酯酶的活体in vivo抑制

研究了美洲大蠊初孵若虫乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的最佳反应条件：蛋白含量40—50μg,pH7．4,底物浓度0．5mmol／L,反应温度37℃,保温时间15分钟。动力学参数Km和Vmax分别为5．64×10-4mol／L和55．5nmol／（min·mgprotein）。分析了顺式、反式氯氰菊酯与辛硫磷、马拉硫磷或毒死蜱以1：10比例混配对AChE的活体抑制。结果表明混配均能增强对AChE的抑制,其中顺式优于反式,与生测结果一致。认为拟除虫菊酯和有机磷混配增效的重要原因之一是提高了对靶标酶——AChE的抑制。