蜡样芽孢杆菌亮氨酸脱氢酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及重组酶性质

本研究采用PCR技术从蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus基因组DNA中克隆出亮氨酸脱氢酶基因,构建重组表达质粒p ET28α(+)-ldh,实现在大肠杆菌中的高效表达,并分析重组亮氨酸脱氢酶的酶学性质。结果表明,从Bacillus cereus成功克隆的亮氨酸脱氢酶编码基因约为1 000 bp,表达的重组亮氨酸脱氢酶相对分子质量约为40 k Da。酶学研究结果表明:该酶的最适反应温度为37℃,其热稳定性好,30℃的半衰期长达330 h;最适反应p H为9.5;在p H 7.0~8.0的缓冲液中保存24 h后仍保持原有酶活力的80%以上;金属离子Fe2+对该酶具有明显的促进作用,而EDTA强烈抑制亮氨酸脱氢酶的活性。动力学分析结果表明该酶对底物NADH催化的Km和Vmax分别为0.635 mmol/L和1.54μmol/(L·min)。亮氨酸脱氢酶基因在大肠杆菌中的成功表达为手性氨基酸的生物合成提供了可能。     

α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶表达纯化、酶学性质及其催化应用

α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶(α-amino acid ester acyltransferase,AET)能够催化底物L-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、L-谷氨酰胺合成L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺(L-alanyl-L-glutamine,丙谷二肽)。利用重组大肠杆菌saet-QC01表达α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶,对其表达条件进行了优化,通过Ni-NTA亲和层析法分离纯化重组蛋白,并对其酶学性质、催化应用进行了研究。适合酶表达的诱导条件:温度20℃,诱导阶段(OD_(600)=2.0-2.5),IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L,诱导时间12 h。α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶的最适反应温度27℃,最适pH 8.5,在pH 7.0-8.0很稳定,在酸性条件下相对稳定,低浓度的Co~(2+)、低浓度的EDTA对酶活有促进作用。在底物浓度丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐600 mmol/L、谷氨酰胺480 mmol/L,丙谷二肽的产量达到78.2 g/L,生产速率达到1.955 g/(L·min),转化率达到75.0%。α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶具有良好的酸碱耐受性,催化效率高的优良特性,在工业生产中具有较好的应用潜力。     

嗜热子囊菌原变种Thermoascus aurantiacus var.aurantiacus热稳定几丁质酶的克隆表达及活性研究

研究通过RT-PCR和Tail-PCR技术从嗜热子囊菌原变种Thermoascus aurantiacus var.aurantiacus中克隆了一个几丁质酶同源基因。该基因全长1,253bp,包含一个由1,197个碱基构成的开放阅读框,编码398个氨基酸。序列比对分析表明,该基因编码蛋白属于糖苷水解酶18家族的几丁质酶。利用基因重组的方法构建酵母分泌型表达载体,并转化毕赤酵母。在甲醇的诱导下,重组蛋白得到了高效表达,第6天的表达量最高,达到0.433g/L,酶活力为28.96U/mg,同时对表达的几丁质酶进行了纯化,SDS-PAGE检测该蛋白的分子量为43.9kDa。该几丁质酶的最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH值为8.0,70℃处理30min仍有45%的相对酶活,具有较好的热稳定性及工业应用价值。     

假交替单胞菌XM2107嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶基因克隆表达、重组蛋白纯化及酶学性质

【目的】嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶(PNP,EC.2.4.2.1)在酶法合成核苷类药物及中间体中具有广泛应用。本文研究的目标是,获得极地嗜冷菌假交替单胞菌Pseudoa lteromonas sp.XM2107嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶编码基因,并对该酶酶学性质进行研究,以考察该酶在核苷类中间体及药物合成中的潜在应用价值。【方法】利用同源序列PCR技术从Pseudoa lteromonas sp.XM2107基因组DNA中扩增出其编码嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶基因,测序获得编码序列。将该基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行重组表达以及金属螯合层析纯化,对其酶学性质进行初步研究。【结果】经过测序获得了该酶编码基因序列,全长702 bp,共编码233个氨基酸,大小为25 kDa,Genbank登录号为GQ475485。酶学性质研究发现,该重组酶最适反应温度为50℃,最适酶促反应pH为7.6(25 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液),最适酶促反应底物为肌苷(Km值0.389 mmol/L,37℃),且对底物腺苷和鸟苷也有磷酸解活性,在普通温度下具有较高催化活性和较好热稳定性。【结论】来源于Pseudoa lteromonas sp.XM2107的嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶在普通温度条件下具有较高的催化活性及良好热稳定性性质,在核苷类中间体和药物合成中具有较广泛的应用价值。     

短小芽孢杆菌LC01漆酶基因在毕赤酵母中的胞外表达及重组漆酶酶学性质研究

为了获得表达量高、稳定性好及染料脱色效率高的细菌漆酶,通过PCR扩增出短小芽孢杆菌LC01的漆酶基因并构建重组表达载体pPICZαA-lac,转化毕赤酵母菌株SMD1168H后利用甲醇诱导培养重组菌获得重组漆酶,纯化并分析了重组漆酶的性质。重组菌株产漆酶活性在第7天达到最高,为1 390 U/L。纯化的重组漆酶分子量为65 kD,以丁香醛连氮为底物的最适反应温度和pH分别为70℃和6.8。在pH 9.0放置10 d活性没有下降,在70℃保温10 h后仍保留36%的酶活。Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和Mn~(2+)完全抑制漆酶活性。在介体乙酰丁香酮参与下该漆酶能够有效脱色RB亮蓝、活性黑5和靛红,在pH 9.0时6 h的脱色率达到了90%以上,表明该重组漆酶能有效应用于染料废水的脱色处理。     

Molecular cloning, gene expression, purification and characterization of fermentative D-lactate dehydrogenase from S.marcescens H3010

通过PCR技术从粘质沙雷氏菌H3010基因组DNA中扩增出该D-乳酸脱氢酶基因,连接至pET-28a(+)表达载体,转入大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中进行了重组表达,优化了酶纯化的条件,并对其酶学性质进行初步研究.结果表明,获得的该酶编码基因全长993 bp,编码330个氨基酸,大小为37 kDa.经优化表达及纯化条件后重组酶纯度可达90％.酶学性质研究发现,该重组酶最适反应温度为60℃,最适酶促反应pH为7.5(0.2 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液),37℃下测得对底物丙酮酸的动力学参数Km =3.39 mmol/L,Vmax =6.87 mmol/( mg · min),对辅酶NADH的动力学参数Km=1.43 mmol/L,Vmax=1.61 mmol/( mg· min).为酶法生产D-乳酸及利用代谢工程构建产D-乳酸的基因工程菌打下基础.     

嗜热栖热菌α-葡萄糖苷酶基因的表达及酶学性质研究

用PCR方法从嗜热栖热菌(Thermus thermophilus)HB27中扩增出编码α-葡萄糖苷酶基因hbg,将其克隆到大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)表达载体pET28a( )上,电击转化E.coliBL21(DE3),获得高效表达hbg基因的大肠杆菌重组菌。重组菌经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测表达蛋白相对分子质量约为59kD,与预期分子量相符。经镍柱和阴离子交换柱纯化的重组表达的α-葡萄糖苷酶HBG最适温度为95℃,最适pH值为5.0。     

芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因的克隆、表达和酶学性质分析

在仔猪结肠内容物中分离出一株能利用淀粉的芽孢杆菌Bacillussp.WS06,构建了全基因组DNA文库,从中筛选出α_淀粉酶基因amyF,分析测定了其核苷酸序列并进行了表达;其中amyF编码的蛋白有526个氨基酸、分子量为58.6kD;它与已报道的Bacillusmegaterium的α_淀粉酶序列有93%的同源性。经过氨基酸序列比较分析还发现,AmyF含有淀粉酶家族中4个高度保守的酶催化活性区。经多步纯化,重组酶的比活共提高了22.2倍,获得凝胶电泳均一的蛋白样品;经SDS_PAGE检测,AmyF酶分子量为57kD。该酶的最适反应温度为55℃～60℃,酶的最适反应pH为7.0,在温度不超过55℃时,酶活较稳定;AmyF能迅速降解淀粉生成麦芽寡糖,属于内切糖苷酶。     

嗜热枯草芽孢杆菌普鲁兰酶基因的表达与重组酶的性质

克隆嗜热枯草芽孢杆菌WY-34普鲁兰酶基因并在大肠杆菌中进行表达,对重组酶进行纯化和酶学性质研究,根据枯草芽孢杆菌的普鲁兰酶蛋白序列,设计PCR引物对WY-34的普鲁兰酶基因进行克隆及异源表达.对表达蛋白的最适pH、pH稳定性及最适温度、温度稳定性等特性进行研究,并测定重组普鲁兰酶的底物特异性.将普鲁兰酶基因pluA克隆及分析序列后,发现基因长度为2.2 kb,编码718个氨基酸,在大肠杆菌中异源表达.通过Ni-IDA亲和层析一步纯化得到比活力为93.2 U/mg的纯酶,SDS-PAGE和凝胶层析测定的分子量分别为76.2 kD和74.3 kD.酶学性质研究表明,该酶的最适温度为40℃,在温度不高于45℃条件下稳定;最适pH为6.0,同一温度下pH 6.0-9.0范围内处理30 min可以保持80％以上的酶活力,此酶对普鲁兰糖有很强的底物特异性.此重组普鲁兰酶的酶学性质表明此酶具有一定的工业化应用价值.     

硫色曲霉木聚糖酶基因xynA与xynB在大肠杆菌中的融合表达及酶学性质分析

根据硫色曲霉木聚糖酶基因xynA和xynB序列设计引物,PCR扩增获得574bp、594bp的目的基因片段.两段DNA分别用EcoRⅠ/BamHⅠ、BglⅡ/HindⅢ酶切后,连接到载体pET-28a( )的多克隆位点,构建了xynA和xynB融合表达载体pET-xynAB,即在木聚糖酶A和B之间引入了7个氨基酸的寡肽序列(GlyGlyGlySerGlyGlyGly).将pET-xynAB转化大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE检测到了一条约50ku的特异性表达条带.Ni-NTA柱纯化后的特异性蛋白经8mol/L脲素变性,梯度透析使蛋白质复性.酶学性质分析表明,该重组木聚糖酶的最适催化温度为50℃,最适pH值为4.4.在pH2.4～5.4范围内,酶的相对活性都在75%以上,重组酶在80℃保温30min还有近50%的残余酶活.不同种类的金属离子对重组酶的活力影响不同.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.