FoxM1与癌发生的相关剪接机制的探讨

FoxM1是一种原癌基因。它也是癌发生、发展密切相关的重要的转录因子。Fox M1是Forkhead Box转录因子家族重要成员,定位于染色体12p13.3,特异性表达于增殖期细胞中,在细胞终末分化时消失,是一个典型的与细胞增殖相关的转录因子,在细胞G/S及G/M期转换过程中发挥重要作用。它具有Fox M1A、B和C三种剪接异构体。Fox M1B和C在癌组织中高表达,发挥转录激活、促癌发生和发展的作用,而Fox M1A在癌组织中低表达,发挥转录抑制功能。癌组织中Fox M1B/C的优先选择对于Fox M1发挥促癌作用非常关键。因此对这一现象的成因即Fox M1癌相关选择性剪接机制的研究非常重要。     

WT-1、Smac蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达和临床意义研究

目的:探讨WT-1和Smac蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学染色方法检测40例正常卵巢组织,40例卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织,60例全面分期手术治疗的上皮性卵巢癌组织中WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达,并分析WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达与上皮性卵巢癌临床病理特征的相关性及二者之间的相关性。结果:WT-1蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达明显高于正常卵巢组织或卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织(P0.05);Smac蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌组织中表达明显低于正常卵巢组织或卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织(P0.05)。上皮性卵巢癌组织中WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达与肿瘤临床分期、组织分化程度、淋巴结有无转移均显著相关(P0.05)。且上皮性卵巢癌中WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达呈明显负相关性(r=-0.35,P0.05)。结论:WT-1蛋白高表达或Smac蛋白低表达可能在上皮性卵巢癌的发生、发展中发挥重要作用,检测WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达有助于上皮性卵巢癌恶性程度的判断和预后评估。     

上皮性卵巢癌组织TBL1XR1、PPA1的表达及其与临床病理参数和预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨上皮性卵巢癌组织中转导素?茁1X连锁受体蛋白1( TBL1XR1)和无机焦磷酸酶(PPAl)的表达及二者与临床病例参数和患者预后的关系。方法：收集2011年2月至2015年4月入住我院的并进行手术切除的88例上皮性卵巢癌患者的组织样本,采用免疫组化的方法检测88例组织样本和相对应的癌旁组织中TBL1XR1和PPAl的表达情况,同时分析TBL1XR1和PPAl表达情况与上皮性卵巢癌患者临床病理参数之间的关系;随访至2019年9月,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,分析TBL1XR1和PPAl表达与上皮性卵巢癌患者预后的关系。结果：上皮性卵巢癌组织中TBL1XR1高表达率为48.86%（43/88）,TBL1XR1的表达与FIGO分期、病理分级和淋巴结转移相关（P<0.05）;Kaplan-Meier分析结果显示上皮性卵巢癌组织中TBL1XR1高表达的患者具有相对较差的预后。PPAl在上皮性卵巢癌组织中高表达率为40.91%（36/88）,同样的PPAl的表达与病理分级、淋巴结转移和FIGO分期相关（P<0.05）;Kaplan-Meier结果分析表明PPAl高表达的患者具有相对较短的预后生存期。结论：上皮性卵巢癌组织样本中TBL1XR1和PPAl均存在表达,并且二者的表达情况与上皮性卵巢癌患者的预后生存紧密相关,TBL1XR1和PPAl的过表达可能是上皮性卵巢癌患者的不利预后因素,或可作为上皮性卵巢癌患者潜在的预后生物标志物。     

CCR9和CCL25蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中表达及临床意义

目的:探讨CCR9和CCL25蛋白在不同卵巢组织中的表达及其与上皮性卵巢癌患者临床病理因素之间的关系。方法:通过组织芯片结合免疫组织化学法检测78例上皮性卵巢癌组织和30例正常卵巢组织中CCR9和CCL25表达水平,结合上皮性卵巢癌病人的临床病理资料,进行统计分析。结果:CCR9和CCL25在上皮性卵巢癌中高表达,在正常卵巢组织中低表达,二者的表达与上皮性卵巢癌的组织类型、患者年龄无显著相关(P0.05),而与淋巴结转移、组织学分级和临床分期有显著相关(P0.05);上皮性卵巢癌组织中CCR9与CCL25表达相关(P0.05)。结论:CCR9和CCL25在上皮性卵巢癌的发生发展中可能起重要作用,二者可能是上皮性卵巢癌治疗的一个潜在的分子靶点。     

Twist1在肿瘤发生中的作用

Twist1作为bHLH转录因子起初被发现在胚胎发育中起关键作用. 最近10年研究证明,它在多种癌的发生、发展中发挥重要作用. 本文结合多种信号通路（如MAPK、STAT、NF κB）以及与其基因表达调控相关的转录因子、翻译后修饰、microRNA等综述Twist1表达调节. 同时,根据其参与癌的发展及作用方式,结合细胞间联系、肿瘤微环境、侵袭和迁移、化疗抗性、上皮 间质转化（EMT）、细胞衰老与程序性死亡、肿瘤干细胞等,概括Twist1在肿瘤发生中的作用.     

MicroRNA-141 在上皮性卵巢癌患者组织和血清中的表达 及临床意义的探讨

目的:探讨微小RNA-141(miR-141)在卵巢癌患者组织和血清中的表达情况并初步探讨其作为肿瘤标记物早期诊断上皮性卵巢癌的可行性。方法:采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(real-time RT-PCR)检测16例上皮性卵巢癌患者和4例正常人卵巢组织及血清标本中miR-141的表达;检测4例良性卵巢肿瘤血清中miR-141的表达。结果:miR-141在卵巢癌患者组织中相对表达量分别为(72.846±76.671)显著高于正常人(2.869±3.201)(P<0.05);miR-141在卵巢癌患者血清中相对表达量(31.581±52.885)显著高于良性卵巢肿瘤患者(0.668±1.196)和正常人(1.690±1.697)(P<0.05),后两组间表达无差异(P>0.05);miR-141表达随卵巢癌临床分期的进展呈上升趋势(P<0.01),在无淋巴结转移组明显高于有淋巴结转移组(P<0.05),与组织分级和CA125的升高无关(P>0.05)。在组织中miR-141表达水平与上皮性卵巢癌临床病理特征均未见明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:miR-141可能在上皮性卵巢癌的发生发展中发挥癌基因的作用;miR-141用于检测上皮性卵巢癌敏感性和特异度较高,有望成为上皮性卵巢癌早期诊断的新指标。     

Twist 在胸腺上皮性肿瘤中的表达及预后意义

目的:检测Twist在胸腺上皮性肿瘤的表达及其与预后的关系。方法:应用免疫组织化学pv6000法检测Twist在87例胸腺上皮性肿瘤(胸腺瘤71例,胸腺癌16例)中的表达情况,分析其与患者各项临床病理指标及预后的关系。结果:Twist蛋白在胸腺癌的阳性表达(81.3%)显著高于胸腺瘤组织(11.3%),其阳性表达的差异存在统计学意义(P<0.001),其在胸腺瘤各亚型之间表达的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Twist阳性表达与胸腺上皮性肿瘤术后发生远处转移呈正相关关系(r=0.40,P=0.001)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示Twist阳性表达患者术后生存期低于Twist阴性表达患者(P<0.001)。结论:检测Twist蛋白表达情况对于鉴别胸腺瘤与胸腺癌可能有重要的参考价值,Twist阳性表达可能与术后发生远处转移有关并影响患者术后生存期。     

上皮性卵巢癌患者血清及肿瘤中Prostasin 变化及意义

目的:检测prostasin在上皮性卵巢癌患者血清及组织中的表达,探讨prostasin在上皮性卵巢癌中的临床意义。方法:运用免疫组织化学发检测组织prostasin在20例正常卵巢组织、40例卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤以及26例卵巢癌中的表达,分析其与各临床参数间的相关性,并通过ELISA法检测26例上皮性卵巢癌患者血清prostasin水平,探讨血清prostasin与组织prostasin的相关性。结果:prostasin在正常卵巢组织中无表达,在卵巢良性及恶性肿瘤中的表达率分别为24.00%和71.47%,差异具有统计学意义(x2=16.37,P<0.005);prostasin表达与病理类型、分化程度呈正相关(P=0.001,P=0.002),与临床分期无明显相关性(P=0.154);血清prostasin在卵巢上皮性癌组为14.07μg/ml,明显高于良性肿瘤组及正常对照组(P<0.001);卵巢癌组术后7天血清prostasin水平7.88μg/ml,明显低于术前(P=0.000);术前血清prostasin浓度与组织prostasin表达呈线性相关(r=0.601)。结论:prostasin对上皮性卵巢癌的发生发展、诊断及预后评估具有意义。     

GSTP1、E-cadherin 在垂体腺瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究谷胱甘肽S-转移酶P1(GSTP1)、上皮钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)在垂体腺瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化SP染色法检测30例侵袭性垂体腺瘤与30例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中GSTP1、E-cadherin的表达。结果:GSTP1在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达较非侵袭性垂体腺瘤显著降低(P<0.05);E-cadherin在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达较非侵袭性垂体腺瘤显著降低(P<0.05);GSTP1、E-cadherin在垂体腺瘤中的表达呈正相关(r=0.82,P<0.05)。结论:GSTP1、E-cadherin在垂体腺瘤中的表达与肿瘤侵袭程度显著相关,两者联合检测有助于判断垂体腺瘤侵袭性及预后。     

细胞色素P450 1A1和1B1靶向抗肿瘤前药研究进展

细胞色素P450（CYP）能催化各种内源性及外源性化合物的代谢,与多种肿瘤发生有关。其中CYP1A1参与多种前致癌物和致突变物的代谢活化,CYP1B1被认为在许多人癌细胞中特异性表达,参与药物的氧化代谢和前药的活化。CYP1A1和181已成为靶向抗肿瘤前药研究的新靶点。相继有大量相关研究报道,本文就近年来文献报道的CYP1A1和1B1靶向抗肿瘤前药研究进展。     

Association of SULT1A1 and UGT1A1 polymorphisms with breast cancer risk and phenotypes in Russian women

Estrogens are critical for breast cancer initiation and development. Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) conjugate and inactivate both estrogens and their metabolites, thus preventing estrogen-mediated mitosis and mutagenesis. SULT1A1 and UGT1A1 are both polymorphic, and different alleles encode functionally different allozymes. We hypothesize that low-activity alleles SULT1A1*2 and UGT1A1*28 are associated with higher risk for breast cancer and more severe breast tumor phenotypes. We performed a case-control study, which included 119 women of Russian ancestry with breast cancer and 121 age-matched Russian female controls. We used PCR followed by pyrosequencing to determine the SULT1A1 and UGT1A1 genotypes. Allele UGT1A1*28 was present at a higher frequency than the wild-type UGT1A1*1 allele in breast cancer patients as compared to controls (P = 0.002, OR = 1.79, CI 1.23–2.63). Consistently, the frequency of genotypes that contain allele UGT1A1*28 in the homozygous or the heterozygous state was greater in breast cancer patients as compared with the frequency of the wild-type UGT1A1*1/*1 genotype (P = 0.003, OR = 4.00, CI 1.49–11.11 and P = 0.014, OR = 2.04, CI 1.14–3.57, respectively). Individuals carrying allele UGT1A1*28 in the homo-or heterozygous state had larger breast tumors (>2 cm) as compared to the group with high-activity genotypes (P = 0.011, IR = 3.44, CI 1.42–8.36). No association was observed between any of the SULT1A1 genotypes and breast cancer risk or phenotypes. Our data suggest that UGT1A1, but not SULT1A1, genotypes are important for breast cancer risk and phenotype in Russian women. Published in Russian in Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, 2006, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 263–270. The article was translated by the authors.     

Upregulation of MAPKAPK5-AS1, PXN-AS1 and URB1-AS1 lncRNAs in non-functioning pituitary adenoma

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be dysregulated in a variety of malignant and non-malignant lesions including non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). In the current experimental study, we have selected six lncRNAs, namely MAPKAPK5-AS1, NUTM2B-AS1, ST7-AS1, LIFR-AS1, PXN-AS1 and URB1-AS1 to assess their expression in a cohort of Iranian patients with NFPA. MAPKAPK5-AS1, PXN-AS1 and URB1-AS1 were shown to be over-expressed in NFPA tissues compared with control samples (Expression ratios (95% CI) = 10 (3.94–25.36), 11.22 (4.3–28.8) and 9.33 (4.12–21.12); p values < 0.0001, respectively). The depicted ROC curves showed the AUC values of 0.73, 0.80 and 0.73 for MAPKAPK5-AS1, PXN-AS1 and URB1-AS1, respectively. Relative expression level of PXN-AS1 was associated with tumour subtype (p value = 0.49). Besides, relative expression levels of MAPKAPK5-AS1 and LIFR-AS1 were associated with gender of patients (p values = 0.043 and 0.01, respectively). Cumulatively, the current study indicates the possible role of MAPKAPK5-AS1, PXN-AS1 and URB1-AS1 lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of NFPAs.     

Bmi1 cooperates with Dnmt1-associated protein 1 in gene silencing

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are involved in gene silencing through chromatin modifications. Among polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs), PRC1 exhibits H2A-K119 ubiquitin E3 ligase activity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PRC1-mediated gene silencing remain largely obscure. In this study, we found that Bmi1 directly interacts with Dnmt-associated protein 1 (Dmap1), which has been characterized to associate with the maintenance DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt1. Bmi1 was demonstrated to form a ternary complex with Dmap1 and Dnmt1 with Dmap1 in the central position. Chromatin immunoprecipitations confirmed the ternary complex formation within the context of the PRC1 at the Bmi1 target loci. Loss of Dmap1 binding to the Bmi1 target loci was tightly associated with derepressed gene expression in Bmi1-/- cells. Dmap1 knockdown exhibited the same impact as Bmi1 knockout did on the expression of Bmi1 targets, including Hox genes. Collectively, our findings suggest that Bmi1 incorporates Dmap1 in polycomb gene silencing.     

Acid-dependent Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Cleavage Limits Available Pro-IL-1β for Caspase-1 Cleavage

Noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease (stroke and heart attack), cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and are worsened by inflammation. IL-1 is a driver of inflammation and implicated in many noncommunicable diseases. Acidosis is also a key feature of the inflammatory microenvironment; therefore it is vital to explore IL-1 signaling under acidic conditions. A HEK-IL-1 reporter assay and brain endothelial cell line were used to explore activity of mature IL-1α and IL-1β at pH 7.4 and pH 6.2, an acidic pH that can be reached under inflammatory or ischemic conditions, alongside cathepsin D-cleaved 20-kDa IL-1β produced under acidic conditions. We report that mature IL-1 signaling at IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) is maintained at pH 6.2, but the activity of the decoy receptor, IL-1R2, is reduced. Additionally, cathepsin D-cleaved 20-kDa IL-1β was minimally active at IL-1R1 and was not further cleaved to highly active 17-kDa IL-1β. Therefore formation of the 20-kDa form of IL-1β may prevent the generation of mature bioactive IL-1β and thus may limit inflammation.     

NPC1L1:固醇脂质吸收的关键蛋白质

NPC1L1是最近发现的一种与NPC1同源的蛋白质。在体内的分布有物种差异性,其亚细胞定位存在很大争议。近些年发现NPC1L1在固醇类脂质代谢途径中起着重要作用,是肠道吸收固醇类脂质尤其是胆固醇的关键蛋白质,这项新发现使得人们对固醇类脂质的吸收机制有了了解。高胆固醇血症是心血管系统疾病的一个高危因子,因此,对NPC1L1的研究具有重大的实际意义,正逐渐成为研究的热点。     

Isolation and Characterization of Ubiquitin-activating Enzyme E1-domain Containing 1, UBE1DC1

Ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like proteins play important roles in post-translational modification. They are phylogenetically well-conserved in eukaryotes. Activated by other proteins, ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins can covalently modify target proteins. The enzymes responsible for the activation of this modification have been known to include UBA1, SAE2, UBA3, SAE1 and ULA1. Here we report a new ubiquitin activating enzyme like cDNA, named ubiquitin activating enzyme E1-domain containing 1 (UBE1DC1), whose cDNA is 2654 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame encoding 404 amino acids. The UBE1DC1 gene consists of 12 exons and is located at human chromosome 3q22. The result of RT-PCR showed that UBE1DC1 is expressed in most of human tissues. These two authors contributed equally to this paper. The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been submitted to GenBank under accession number AY253672.