长链非编码RN在重性抑郁障碍中的作用

重性抑郁障碍(major depression disorder, MDD)是当代社会一种严重的精神性疾病,但目前并不完全明确其发生发展的分子机制。长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA, lncRNA)与MDD之间有着密切的联系,目前已知在健康人群与MDD患者之间存在2 000多种差异表达的lncRNAs,如TCONS00019174、ENST00000566208、NONHSAG045500、ENST00000517573、NONHSAT034045和NONHSAT142707等。上述6种lncRNAs在MDD患者外周血中的表达量均显著低于对照组,MDD患者经抗抑郁治疗后,lncRNAs表达量可恢复正常。TCONS00019174可通过激活Wnt-β-catenin途径,使入核的β-catenin蛋白质增加并与其下游分子结合促进转录,发挥抗抑郁作用;高表达的lnc RNA NONHSAG045500可以抑制MDD患者五羟色胺转运体的表达从而产生抗抑郁作用。因此,研究lncRNA在MDD中的表达及作用,将为MDD患者的诊治带来新的契机。     

枳实提取物及其药效组分对ox-LDL损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞ICAM-1表达和NO释放的影响

目的:研究枳实提取物及其药效组分橙皮苷和新橙皮苷对氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density lipoprotein,Ox-LDL)损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells line,HUVEC)细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)表达和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)释放的影响。方法:体外培养HUVEC,50μg/mL ox-LDL制造HUVEC损伤模型。以MTS染色法检测细胞毒性确定用药浓度。细胞ELISA法测定细胞表面ICAM-1的含量,试剂盒测定细胞培养上清液中NO含量。结果:①枳实提取物小于等于2 mg/mL时,橙皮苷浓度小于等于0.03125 mg/mL时,新橙皮苷浓度小于等于0.25 mg/mL时,HUVEC存活率分别大于80%。②2.0 mg/mL和1.0 mg/mL两个浓度的枳实提取物、15.625μg/mL的橙皮苷和0.2500 mg/mL新橙皮苷对ox-LDL诱导的HUVEC的ICAM-1表达有显著抑制作用。③2.0 mg/mL枳实提取物显著提高ox-LDL诱导的HUVEC和正常HUVEC培养液中的NO含量;7.813μg/mL、15.625μg/mL和31.250μg/mL 3个浓度的橙皮苷能显著提高ox-LDL诱导的HUVEC培养液中的NO含量,31.250μg/mL的橙皮苷能促进正常HUVEC的NO释放;0.2500 mg/mL和0.1250 mg/mL 2个浓度的新橙皮苷能显著提高ox-LDL诱导的HUVEC培养液中的NO含量。结论:枳实提取物及其药效组分橙皮苷、新橙皮苷能抑制ox-LDL诱导的HUVEC的ICAM-1表达,促进ox-LDL诱导的HUVEC的NO释放。     

低氧mtDNA3010A/G基因型变异诱导的lncRNA-mRNA共表达网络变化

目的: 分析mtDNA3010A/G变异在急性缺氧条件下的长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和信使RNA(mRNA)的共表达网络变化,探讨关键lncRNA和mRNA在低氧诱导的基因表达调控中的作用。方法: 筛选线粒体DNA(mtDNA)3010-5178-10400的基因型组合A-C-C和G-C-C,以骨肉瘤细胞经溴化乙锭处理后形成的无线粒体细胞(ρ⁰206细胞)为供体,构建mtDNA3010A和mtDNA3010G基因型融合细胞。经1%O₂处理24 h后,采用lncRNA-mRNA共表达芯片检测两种融合细胞的差异表达lncRNA和mRNA,荧光定量聚合酶链式法验证差异显著的mRNA,运用生物信息学方法构建lncRNA-mRNA共表达网络,预测差异lncRNA的靶基因,并对差异显著的mRNA和预测靶基因进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组大百科全书(KEGG)预测分析。结果: 经1%O₂处理24 h后,与mtDNA3010G融合细胞相比,mtDNA3010A融合细胞表达上调的lncRNA有688个,超过2倍的有21个,表达下调的lncRNA有1098个,超过2倍的有4个;表达上调的mRNA有1151个,超过2倍的有14个,表达下调的mRNA有539个,超过2倍的有3个。结论: mtDNA3010A/G基因型变异在缺氧条件下能够影响lncRNA-mRNA调控网络的变化,差异表达的lncRNA和mRNA可能在低氧诱导的基因表达调控网络中发挥重要作用,有望成为从线粒体角度调控低氧反应的靶点。     

黄芪多糖对C3H10T1/2细胞棕色脂肪分化中长链非编码RNA表达谱的影响

本试验旨在探究黄芪多糖(APS)对小鼠间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2细胞棕色脂肪化过程中长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)表达谱的影响。试验以C3H10T1/2细胞为研究对象,在成脂诱导分化培养液中添加0.4 g/L的APS,以诱导分化1.5 d的细胞构建文库后测序,筛选差异m RNAs和差异lncRNAs,并对差异m RNAs和差异lncRNAs的顺式及共表达作用预测的靶基因进行了功能分析。通过荧光定量PCR随机分析了3个lncRNAs和3个m RNAs的表达水平,验证了测序结果的准确性。研究结果表明,本次测序共得到13 450个lncRNAs和57 776个m RNAs。通过对其表达量、长度、外显子个数和成对重复性检验分析证明了测序数据的可靠性较好。筛选共得到153个差异表达的lncRNAs和1 238个差异表达的m RNAs。结果表明,差异m RNAs主要基因本体(GO)注释富集在53个功能分类中,京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析富集在343条通路中。差异lncRNAs顺式及共表达作用预测的靶基因GO注释分别富集在34和33个功能分类中,在分子功能中条目一致。KEGG分析显示,多个基因富集在脂肪代谢和脂肪分化的信号通路中,尤其在胰高血糖素及cAMP信号通路中富集显著。综上表明,APS导致了C3H10T1/2细胞成脂分化中lncRNA表达谱的变化。本研究结果可为进一步解析APS对干细胞的分化调节提供科学依据。     

人呼吸道合胞病毒感染的A549细胞中长链非编码RNA表达谱研究

目的:探讨人呼吸道合胞体病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)感染A549细胞的长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNA)表达谱的差异,更好地了解宿主与RSV之间的相互作用的可能分子机制。方法:1 MOI RSV感染A549细胞,24h后提取RNA,利用Agilent的lncRNA表达谱芯片,筛查了RSV感染和未感染的A549细胞中的lncRNA差异表达谱,并进行实时定量PCR验证,通过GO和KEGG对差异mRNA和lncRNA进行生物信息学分析。结果:RSV感染的A549细胞与未感染的A549细胞相比,共有1463个lncRNA和1552个mRNAs显著上调,有944个lncRNA和1489个mRNAs下调,差异表达lncRNA及其预测靶基因主要富集于免疫应答过程。通过定量PCR证实所选lncRNA的表达谱结果。结论:RSV感染A549细胞后,lncRNA表达谱发生明显变化,对深入研究lncRNA如何参与RSV与宿主之间的相互作用奠定了基础。     

基于目标基因芯片数据预测lncRNAs调控脑缺血再灌注损伤后的作用效应

长链非编码RNAs(long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs)在细胞中有重要调控作用。已有研究报道,脑缺血再灌注损伤可诱导大量lncRNAs表达水平的改变,然而其具体作用机理未知。现从GEO数据库中下载基因芯片数据,分析损伤后脑组织中lncRNAs和mRNAs的表达改变。结果显示27条lncRNAs和408条mRNAs表达上调,9条lncRNAs和31条mRNAs表达下调。同时,基因本体论和通路富集分析显示差异表达的转录本在免疫和炎症反应、细胞凋亡调控等生物过程及相关通路显著富集。此外,基于lncRNAs目标预测程序和lncRNAs-mRNAs共调控网络,对序列数据和表达数据进行综合分析,发现差异表达lncRNAs参与调控细胞凋亡、免疫和炎症反应,并推测出linc RNA(chr1 9:5771 425-5848475_F)、lincRNA(chr1:1 37503023-1 37625604_R)和lincRNA(chr1 4:21 029450-21 049451_F)等lncRNAs潜在的靶基因和调控机制。这些发现提示lncRNAs广泛参与调控脑缺血再灌注损伤,为缺血性脑卒中损伤机制和治疗方案提供新的研究方向。     

臭氧亚慢性暴露对大鼠心脏lncRNA表达谱的影响*

目的: 观察臭氧亚慢性暴露后大鼠心脏中lncRNA表达变化,为探索lncRNA在臭氧亚慢性暴露致心脏损伤中的作用与机制提供科学数据。方法: 将18只Wistar大鼠随机分为清洁空气组和臭氧暴露组,每组9只,置于气体染毒柜中,清洁空气组吸入过滤空气,而臭氧暴露组吸入含0.5 ppm(0.980 mg/m³)臭氧的混合气体,每天6 h,持续90 d。染毒结束后取心脏组织并提取总RNA,利用大鼠lncRNA芯片和qRT-PCR技术检测大鼠心脏中lncRNA表达量,并通过生物信息学方法分析差异表达lncRNA的潜在功能。结果: 与清洁空气组相比,臭氧暴露组大鼠心脏中lncRNA表达谱发生改变,其中167个显著上调,64个显著下调;GO分析提示显著上调的lncRNA主要参与生长发育,显著下调的lncRNA主要参与调节营养物质分解代谢;KEGG分析表明显著上调的lncRNA主要参与调控PI3K-Akt信号通路,显著下调的lncRNA主要参与调控多种维生素和主要供能物质的代谢过程。结论: 臭氧亚慢性暴露可致大鼠心脏lncRNA表达谱发生变化,差异表达的lncRNA可能通过影响心脏中能量和营养物质代谢在臭氧亚慢性暴露致心脏损伤中发挥作用。     

长链非编码RNA调节缺血性脑卒中损伤和修复的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lnc RNA)是一组在转录、转录后和表观遗传水平发挥作用的调控序列,其在中枢神经系统中特异性高表达,对中枢神经系统发育和疾病发展具有重要调控作用。缺血性脑卒中诱导脑内大量lnc RNA表达改变,提示lnc RNA与缺血性脑卒中复杂的病理过程有关,这将有利于全面认识缺血性脑卒中的病理机制及脑缺血损伤后的分子调控网络,并提供新的治疗方向。尽管有少数研究报道lnc RNA在缺血性心脏病中的作用,但目前对于其在缺血性脑卒中病理发展中的作用知之甚少。综述目前已知的lnc RNA在脑缺血再灌注损伤、细胞凋亡与抗凋亡及损伤后神经再生与修复中的作用,并提出了未来可能的lnc RNA在缺血性脑卒中损伤与修复中的研究方向。     

龙眼体胚发生早期SAUR 63/64基因克隆及表达分析北大核心CSCD

SAUR(small auxin up-regulated RNA)是一类生长素早期响应基因,与植物的生长发育密切相关。为揭示SAUR 63和SAUR 64在龙眼体胚发生早期的调控作用,该研究采用TA克隆龙眼SAUR 63和SAUR 64基因,对其进行亚细胞定位、qRT-PCR表达分析和荧光原位杂交分析验证。结果显示:(1)龙眼SAUR 63和SAUR 64序列长度分别为386 bp和312 bp;系统发育树显示SAUR63、SAUR64与拟南芥亲缘关系较近;亚细胞定位结果显示SAUR63蛋白定位在细胞核与细胞外基质,SAUR64蛋白定位在叶绿体。(2)预测发现SAUR 63和SAUR 64同时作为LTCONS_00038949、LTCONS_00038950及LTCONS_00038952(lnc38949、lnc38950及lnc38952)的靶基因。(3)qRT-PCR检测发现SAUR 63、SAUR 64与3个lncRNAs均在不完全胚性紧实结构阶段高表达;SAUR 63与3个lncRNAs在100和500μmol·L^(-1)赤霉素(GA 3)处理下上调表达,且在500μmol·L^(-1) GA 3时表达量达到峰值;SAUR 63、SAUR 64、lnc38949和lnc38950均在35℃处理下被显著诱导表达,而lnc38950在35℃下受到抑制;此外,SAUR 63、SAUR 64和3个lncRNAs还响应SA、MeJA、盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的调控。(4)荧光原位杂交结果显示,SAUR 63与lnc38949均没有定位在合子胚特定部位,且lnc38949表达量高于SAUR 63。研究表明,SAUR 63、SAUR 64基因可能受到lncRNAs的调控,共同参与龙眼体胚发生早期的调控。     

LncRNA HOXA-AS2在癌症中的作用

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)是一类长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码转录本。越来越多的证据表明,lncRNAs在癌症的发生和发展中起着重要的调控作用。HOXA簇反义RNA 2(HOXA cluster antisense RNA 2,HOXA-AS2)是一种新型的lncRNA,其在癌症的发生、发展等过程中发挥了重要作用。本文对近年来HOXA-AS2在人类多种癌症中的表达、分子机制及相关功能进行综述,并探讨其可能的临床应用。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV