发酵无花果香料的挥发性成分分析

利用微生物发酵无花果开发特色香料,并采用同时蒸馏萃取装置收集挥发性成分并用气相色谱一质谱仪对生物技术制备的无花果香料挥发性成分进行分离和鉴定,经毛细管色谱分离出47种组分,确认了其中的45种成分,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的百分含量,其主要成分为：9,12-十八碳二烯酸乙酯(27．34％)、十六酸乙酯(23．99％)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(6．18％)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(5．52％)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(4．72％)、十六酸甲酯(4．67％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯(4．48％)、9-十八碳烯酸乙酯(3．80％)、糠醛(2．53％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(1．85％)、十八酸乙酯(1．42％)、9-十八碳烯酸甲酯(1．26％)等。     

宽叶独行菜中脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

采用气质联用技术对宽叶独行菜中脂肪酸成分进行了分析,从其乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部分共分离得到20个组分,采用面积归一化法测定了各组分的含量,其中棕榈酸(hexadecanoic acid)53.980%,硬脂酸(oc-tadecanoic acid)17.063%,二十二烷酸(docosanoic acid)4.769%,二十四烷酸(tetracosanoic acid)3.363%,二十八烷酸(octacosanoic acid)2.773%,花生酸(eicosanoic acid)2.719%,十五烷酸(pentadecanoic acid)2.476%,十七烷酸(heptadecanoic acid)2.291%。此外,三十烷酸(triacontanoic acid,十四烷酸(tetradecanoic acid),二十三烷酸(tricosanoic acid)和二十六烷酸(hexacosanoic acid)的含量均已超过了1%。     

藏红花花瓣和雄蕊挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析及比较

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从藏红花花瓣和雄蕊中提取挥发油,用GC-MS技术结合计算机检索对其二者化学成分进行分离和鉴定,用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量.花瓣中共鉴定出16种化合物,主要成分为正二十六烷(11.60％)、正十五烷(11.31％)、棕榈酸甲酯(10.82％)、油酸甲酯(10.35％)、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚(9.63％)、亚油酸甲酯(7.18％)、藏红花醛(5.66％);雄蕊中共鉴定出20种化合物,主要成分为油酸甲酯(30.83％)、亚油酸甲酯(24.12％)、环已醇(16.80％)、硬脂酸甲酯(12.88％)、棕榈酸甲酯(8.97％)、花生酸甲酯(1.18％)、苯并噻唑(1.01％).     

产有机酸采油菌的筛选及产酸情况的分析

目的:从大庆油田原油样品中筛选出2株产有机酸量较高的菌株,并对其产物进行分析.方法:根据形态特征、生理生化性质和16S rDNA序列分析对菌株进行鉴定,并运用GC/MS法对发酵液进行分析.结果:经鉴定这两株为枯草芽孢杆菌,菌株T10 -3的发酵液中含有乙酸11.407％,异丁酸9.375％,丁二醇79.217％;菌株DH -2 -l发酵液的中含有异丁酸41.56％,丁二醇46.619％,异戊酸4.138％,异庚酸10.680％.结论:这两株细菌在微生物采油方面均有良好的应用前景.     

莱菔子脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取莱菔(Raphanussativus)种子中的脂肪酸成分,进行甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分离和鉴定脂肪酸成分的组成和含量。结果表明,从莱菔子中共分离鉴定出12种脂肪酸成分,占总量的99.32%,主要包括芥酸(32.47%)、油酸(29.07%)、亚油酸(9.45%)、亚麻酸(8.41%)、棕榈酸(4.31%)和硬脂酸(2.08%)等脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸占9.25%,不饱和脂肪酸高达90.07%。     

Fatty acid composition of seeds of Satureja thymbra and S. cuneifolia

The chemical composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from seeds of S. thymbra and S. cuneifolia were analyzed by GC/MS. 7 FAMEs were identified from the seeds of S. thymbra mainly as 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (43.9%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (11.4%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (30.2%), and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (14.1%), while from the seed of S. cuneifolia 10 FAMEs were obtained with the main components, similar to S. thymbra. These were identified as 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (10.1%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (methyl palmitate, 34.6%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (6.3%) and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (1.8%).     

蝴蝶果茎挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果茎中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析。分离出36个峰,鉴定出35种化合物,占总油量的98.34%,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。其主要成分为十六烷酸乙酯(13.19%)、正十六烷酸(11.11%)、十八碳烯酸乙酯(6.18%)、正十八烷(4.98%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(4.90%)及十八碳二烯酸乙酯(4.21%)。     

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Fruits of Lindera glauca (Sieb. et Zuec.) Bl. and Their Uses

The paper presents the chemical constituents of fruits of Lindera glauca (Sieb. et Zucc.) B1. By applying the techniques of fractional distillation, column chromatography, GC, TLC, PC, chemical methods and spectroscopic data (IR, NMR and MS), the following chemical constituents in essential oils from the fruits and the fatty acids of fatty oil from seed have been identified: There are 13 components in essential oil—α-pinene (0.03%), β-pinene (2.75%), camphene (2.27%), ocimene (77.99%), nonyl aldehyde (1.08%), capric aldehyde (0.30%), 1,8-cincol (2.47%), borneol (0.21%), citral (0.42%), β-cymene (0.63%), safrole (2.60%), bornyl acetate (0.60%), γ-patehoulene (0.69%); 6 fatty acids in fatty oilcaprylic acid (0.28%), eapric acid (55.27%), lauric acid (32.21%), myristic acid (1.18%), palmitie acid (2.72%) and stearie acid (8.94%). In addtion, the use of essential oil of fruit and fatty oil of seed has been studied.     

Microbial Transformation of Terpenoids. I. Indentification of Metabolites Produced by a Pseudomonad from Citronellal and Citral

A bacterium capable of utilizing citronellal or citral as the sole source of carbon and energy has been isolated from soil by the enrichment culture technique. It metabolizes citronellal to citronellic acid (65%), citronellol (0.6%), dihydrocitronellol (0.6%), menthol (0.75%), and 3,7-dimethyl-1,7-octane diol (1.7%). The metabolites of citral were geranic acid (62%), 6-methyl-5-heptanoic acid (0.5%), 3-methyl-2-butenoic acid (1%), and 1-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethyl-6-octen-2-one (0.75%).     

女贞果实及种子的化学成分

女贞子为木犀科植物女贞 (ＬｉｇｕｓｔｒｕｍｌｕｃｉｄｕｍＡｉｔ.)的果实 ,有滋补肝肾、明目乌发等功效 ,主治眩晕耳鸣、腰膝酸软、须发早白和目暗不明等症 ,女贞子主产江苏、浙江、福建、湖南、广东、广西、江西和四川等省区 ,资源丰富。女贞的化学成分已有报道[1,2 ] ,作者对其全果及种子的化学成分进行较全面分析 ,旨在为其综合开发利用提供科学依据。1　材料和方法1 1　材料和仪器女贞子 2 0 0 0年 11月至 2 0 0 1年 3月分批采自福建省福州市建新郊区、仓山长安山和永泰方广岩。石油醚 (30～6 0℃ )和乙醇等均为分析纯 (上海生化制品…     

Complex lipids of Rhodomicrobium vannielii

Eight components, seven of which contained phosphorus, were found in the phospholipid fraction of Rhodomicrobium vannielii. The major components were lipoamino acid (o-ornithine ester of phosphatidyl glycerol, 46.5%) and phosphatidyl choline (26.5%). The other six components were phosphatidyl glycerol (9.7%), bisphosphatidic acid (6.7%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (4.5%), phosphatidic acid (1.8%), lysophosphatidyl glycerol-o-ornithine ester (3.2%), and N,N-ornithine amide of unidentified fatty acid (0.95%). Total phospholipid accounted for 4.2% of cell dry weight. The major fatty acid was vaccenic acid, C_18:1, which accounted for approximately 90% of the total fatty acids of the complex lipid fraction. The other four fatty acids were C_16:0 (6.25%), C_18:0 (3.8%), C_14:0 (0.7%), and C_16:1 (0.35%). The sulfolipid content was 0.01% of the cell dry weight or 0.14 μmoles per g of dried cells, assuming that its fatty acid component is vaccenic acid. No steroids were detected.     

Chemical composition of the fixed and volatile oils of Nigella sativa L. from Iran

The chemical composition of the extracted fixed oil (total fatty acid composition) and volatile oil of Nigella sativa L. seeds grown in Iran were determined by GC and GC/MS. Eight fatty acids (99.5%) and thirty-two compounds (86.7%) have been identified in the fixed and volatile oils, respectively. The main fatty acids of the fixed oil were linoleic acid (55.6%), oleic acid (23.4%), and palmitic acid (12.5%). The major compounds of the volatile oil were trans-anethole (38.3%), p-cymene (14.8%), limonene (4.3%), and carvone (4.0%).     

Kinetics of fatty acid binding ability of glycated human serum albumin

Kinetics of fatty acid binding ability of glycated human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated by fluorescent displacement technique with 1-anilino-8-naphtharene sulphonic acid (ANS method), and photometric detection of nonesterified-fatty-acid (NEFA method). Changing of binding affinities of glycated HSA toward oleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, and caproic acid, were not observed by the ANS method. However, decreases of binding capacities after 55 days glycation were confirmed by the NEFA method in comparison to control HSA. The decrease in binding affinities was: oleic acid (84%), linoleic acid (84%), lauric acid (87%), and caproic acid (90%), respectively. The decreases were consistent with decrease of the intact lysine residues in glycated HSA. The present observation indicates that HSA promptly loses its binding ability to fatty acid as soon as the lysine residues at fatty acid binding sites are glycated.     

猫儿屎和三叶木通种子油中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取木通科植物猫儿屎和三叶木通种子的脂溶性成分,甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分离和鉴定其组成和含量。从猫儿屎种子油中鉴定出9种脂肪酸,占检出物总质量分数的94.67%(其中饱和脂肪酸占12.63%,不饱和脂肪酸占82.04%),主要成分为9-十六烯酸(47.22%)、9-油酸(27.13%)、棕榈酸(10.75%)、亚油酸(7.47%)和硬脂酸(1.61%)。从三叶木通种子油中鉴定出10种脂肪酸,占检出物总质量分数的99.75%(其中饱和脂肪酸占23.39%,不饱和脂肪酸占76.36%),主要成分为11-油酸(47.63%)、亚油酸(27.05%)、棕榈酸(20.14%)、16-甲基-十七烷酸(3.03%)和8-油酸(1.07%)。结果表明,猫儿屎和三叶木通种子油中脂肪酸含量丰富,在食用、医疗保健等方面具有较高的应用潜力和综合开发前景。     

侧柏叶子与种子脂肪酸的GC-MS比较分析研究

目的:研究柏子仁与侧柏叶的脂肪酸组成.方法:用GC-MS方法对侧柏叶子与种子油进行定性鉴定和定量分析.结果:鉴定了柏子仁油中的8种脂肪酸,占脂溶性成分的93.56%;侧柏叶子油中12种脂肪酸,占脂溶性成分的93.39%.柏子仁饱和脂肪酸主要是十六烷酸(8.11%)、硬脂酸(6.08%);不饱和脂肪酸主要为亚油酸(24.59%)、亚麻酸(59.77%),占脂肪酸的83.14%.侧柏叶子饱和脂肪酸饱和脂肪酸主要为十六烷酸(14.70%)、乙酸(3.20%)、十七烷酸(2.50%);不饱和脂肪酸主要为二十二碳四烯酸(40.48%)、亚油酸(10.69%)、亚麻酸(17.62%).结论:柏子仁和侧柏叶均含有合理的脂肪酸组成.     

Degradation pathways of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane by Mycobacterium sp. TA27

We analyzed the kinetics and metabolic pathways of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane degradation by the ethane-utilizing Mycobacterium sp. TA27. The apparent Vmax and Km of trichloroethylene were 9.8 nmol min(-1) mg of cells(-1) and 61.9 microM, respectively. The apparent Vmax and Km of 1,1,1-trichloroethane were 0.11 nmol min(-1) mg of cells(-1) and 3.1 microM, respectively. 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, trichloroacetic acid, chloral, and dichloroacetic acid were detected as metabolites of trichloroethylene. 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, trichloroacetic acid, and dichloroacetic acid were also detected as metabolites of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The amounts of 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, trichloroacetic acid, chloral, and dichloroacetic acid derived from the degradation of 3.60 micromol trichloroethylene were 0.16 micromol (4.4%), 0.11 micromol (3.1%), 0.02 micromol (0.6%), and 0.02 micromol (0.6%), respectively. The amounts of 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid derived from the degradation of 1.73 micromol 1,1,1-trichloroethane were 1.48 micromol (85.5%), 0.22 micromol (12.7%), and 0.02 micromol (1.2%), respectively. More than 90% of theoretical total chloride was released in trichloroethylene degradation. Chloral and 2,2,2-trichloroethanol were transformed into each other, and were finally converted to trichloroacetic acid, and dichloroacetic acid. Trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid were not degraded by strain TA27.     

Production of Dihomo-gamma-Linolenic Acid by a Delta5-Desaturase-Defective Mutant of Mortierella alpina 1S-4

A mutant, which has low Delta5-desaturase activity, of an arachidonic acid-producing fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, was shown to be a novel potent producer of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHGA). On submerged culture under optimal conditions for 6 days at 28 degrees C in a 10-liter fermentor, the mutant produced 3.2 g of DHGA per liter of culture broth (123 mg/g of dry mycelia), which accounted for 23.4% of the total mycelial fatty acids. Mycelial arachidonic acid amounted to only 19 mg/g of dry mycelia (0.5 g/liter of culture broth), which accounted for 3.7% of the total mycelial fatty acids. The other major mycelial fatty acids were palmitic acid (11.0%), stearic acid (12.8%), oleic acid (22.7%), linoleic acid (8.9%), gamma-linolenic acid (6.5%), and lignoceric acid (7.8%). More than 97 mol% of the DHGA produced was found in the triglyceride fraction irrespective of the growth temperature employed (12 to 28 degrees C).     

Effect of alpha-linolenic acid in the human diet on linoleic acid metabolism and prostaglandin biosynthesis

The effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake on linoleic acid metabolism and prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis was investigated in two groups of six healthy females (25-32 yr). They were given isocaloric formula diets (FD) containing linoleic acid at a constant intake (4% of calories), with different amounts of alpha-linolenic acid: 0% (FD4/0), 4% (FD4/4), 8% (FD4/8) (group I) and 12% (FD4/12) or 16% (FD4/16) (group II); the diets were given for 2 weeks each. Comparing diet FD4/0 to FD4/16, enrichment of alpha-linolenic acid was greatest in cholesteryl esters (+6.8% in plasma, +7.1% in low density lipoproteins (LDL), +5.9% in high density lipoproteins (HDL)), less in phosphatidylcholine (+2.5% in plasma, +2.9% in LDL, +2.7% in HDL), and least in platelet lipids (+0.7%). The accumulation of alpha-linolenic acid was compensated by a decrease of oleic acid. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which was excluded from the diet, increased in all plasma lipids with augmented alpha-linolenic acid intake, indicating a chain elongation and desaturation of alpha-linolenic acid to EPA. However, even at the end of FD4/16, EPA was less than 2% of total fatty acids in all plasma lipids. Plasma linoleic acid levels were constant during all dietary regimes, according to the constant dietary intake of this fatty acid. No replacement of linoleic acid by alpha-linolenic acid could be observed. The percentage of arachidonic acid in all lipids was unaffected by alpha-linolenic acid intake. As arachidonic acid was not provided by the diet, it can be concluded that alpha-linolenic acid does not inhibit chain elongation and desaturation of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

海洋放线菌124092细胞毒活性和化学成分研究

采用MTT法对海洋放线菌124092正己烷提取物进行细胞毒活性筛选,结果显示对小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞有一定的生长抑制活性。用硅胶真空柱层析法将正己烷提取物粗分为6个组分（Fr1～Fr6）,细胞毒活性追踪显示Fr6组分为活性部分。为确定其中的活性成分,运用GC／MS对脯组分的化学成分进行了分析,结果显示其主要成分为：棕榈酸（Palmitic acid,11．76％）、油酸（Oleic acid,12．16％）、亚油酸（Linoleic acid．14．77％）和乳杆（菌）酸（Lactobacillic acid,61．31％）。据文献报道棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸均对小鼠腹水瘤细胞具有细胞毒活性,亚油酸还对人肺腺癌细胞具有抑制作用。     

Identification of the components of the essential oil from Trollius europaeus flowers

The essential oil of Trollius europaeus flowers obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The compounds giving fragrance of essential oils commonly used in perfumery 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, nonanal, 3-methyl-2-pent-2-enyl-cyclopent-2-enone and oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one, rare in the Plant Kingdom, were tentatively identified. In the analyzed essential oil, the saturated fatty acids hexadecanoic acid (7.54 %), tetradecanoic acid (4.24 %), dodecanoic acid (3.10 %) and unsaturated fatty acids 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (3.47 %), hydrocarbons, namely eicosane (20.03 %), hexadecane (8.63 %) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (2.39 %), were also found.