莱菔子脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取莱菔(Raphanussativus)种子中的脂肪酸成分,进行甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分离和鉴定脂肪酸成分的组成和含量。结果表明,从莱菔子中共分离鉴定出12种脂肪酸成分,占总量的99.32%,主要包括芥酸(32.47%)、油酸(29.07%)、亚油酸(9.45%)、亚麻酸(8.41%)、棕榈酸(4.31%)和硬脂酸(2.08%)等脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸占9.25%,不饱和脂肪酸高达90.07%。     

Fatty acid constituents of Peganum harmala plant using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy

Fatty acid contents of the Peganum harmala plant as a result of hexane extraction were analyzed using GC–MS. The saturated fatty acid composition of the harmal plant was tetradecanoic, pentadecanoic, tridecanoic, hexadecanoic, heptadecanoic and octadecanoic acids, while the saturated fatty acid derivatives were 12-methyl tetradecanoic, 5,9,13-trimethyl tetradecanoic and 2-methyl octadecanoic acids. The most abundant fatty acid was hexadecanoic with concentration 48.13% followed by octadecanoic with concentration 13.80%. There are four unsaturated fatty acids called (E)-9-dodecenoic, (Z)-9-hexadecenoic, (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic and (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic. The most abundant unsaturated fatty acid was (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic with concentration 14.79% followed by (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic with concentration 10.61%. Also, there are eight non-fatty acid compounds 1-octadecene, 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, (E)-15-heptadecenal, oxacyclohexadecan-2 one, 1,2,2,6,8-pentamethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]dec-8-en-10-one, hexadecane-1,2-diol, n-heneicosane and eicosan-3-ol.     

侧柏叶子与种子脂肪酸的GC-MS比较分析研究

目的:研究柏子仁与侧柏叶的脂肪酸组成.方法:用GC-MS方法对侧柏叶子与种子油进行定性鉴定和定量分析.结果:鉴定了柏子仁油中的8种脂肪酸,占脂溶性成分的93.56%;侧柏叶子油中12种脂肪酸,占脂溶性成分的93.39%.柏子仁饱和脂肪酸主要是十六烷酸(8.11%)、硬脂酸(6.08%);不饱和脂肪酸主要为亚油酸(24.59%)、亚麻酸(59.77%),占脂肪酸的83.14%.侧柏叶子饱和脂肪酸饱和脂肪酸主要为十六烷酸(14.70%)、乙酸(3.20%)、十七烷酸(2.50%);不饱和脂肪酸主要为二十二碳四烯酸(40.48%)、亚油酸(10.69%)、亚麻酸(17.62%).结论:柏子仁和侧柏叶均含有合理的脂肪酸组成.     

Studies of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) ovipositional responses to newly identified semiochemicals from conspecific eggs

Abstract  The chemical factors influencing the selection of oviposition site by gravid females of various mosquito species have been the subject of numerous investigations. Recent studies have revealed this behaviour to be controlled by semiochemicals. Here we report studies on semiochemicals of egg origin and their effect on the ovipositional behaviour of Aedes aegypti. The compounds present in egg extracts of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. They were then evaluated for their effect on ovipositional behaviour against gravid females of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes at different concentrations. Gravid female Ae. aegypti were found to be sensitive to all the identified compounds: 6-hexanolactone, methyl dodecanoate, dodecanoic acid, methyl tetradecanoate, tetradecanoic acid, methyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate, methyl hexadecanoate (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, methyl (Z)-9-octadecenoate, methyl octadecanoate (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid and octadecanoic acid. Among them, dodecanoic and (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acids showed significant positive ovipositional response at different concentrations whereas all the esters showed deterrent/repellent ovipositional effect.     

猫儿屎和三叶木通种子油中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取木通科植物猫儿屎和三叶木通种子的脂溶性成分,甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分离和鉴定其组成和含量。从猫儿屎种子油中鉴定出9种脂肪酸,占检出物总质量分数的94.67%(其中饱和脂肪酸占12.63%,不饱和脂肪酸占82.04%),主要成分为9-十六烯酸(47.22%)、9-油酸(27.13%)、棕榈酸(10.75%)、亚油酸(7.47%)和硬脂酸(1.61%)。从三叶木通种子油中鉴定出10种脂肪酸,占检出物总质量分数的99.75%(其中饱和脂肪酸占23.39%,不饱和脂肪酸占76.36%),主要成分为11-油酸(47.63%)、亚油酸(27.05%)、棕榈酸(20.14%)、16-甲基-十七烷酸(3.03%)和8-油酸(1.07%)。结果表明,猫儿屎和三叶木通种子油中脂肪酸含量丰富,在食用、医疗保健等方面具有较高的应用潜力和综合开发前景。     

云南使君子仁油化学成分的GC-MS分析

以常规溶剂萃取得使君子仁油,取两份油,一份经甲酯化处理,别一份不甲酯化,然后采用重量法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术分别测定使君子仁油含量和脂肪酸成分。结果表明：使君子仁油含量为15％;从甲酯化脂肪油中共检测出5种成分,其中E-9-十八烯酸占脂肪酸总量的46．99％,十六烷酸甲酯占脂肪酸总量的28．25％;另外,从未甲酯化脂肪油中共检测出7种成分,其中含防十八烯酸63．19％,十六烷酸甲酯15．26％,同时还检测出11．79％的γ-生育酚。使君子仁油是具有抗氧化性的植物源脂肪油,是开发和利用E-9-十八烯酸,十六烷酸甲酯和γ-生育酚的理想原料,在食用、医疗保健方面具有巨大潜力和广阔前景。     

金线莲挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花叶开唇兰挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。检出182个成分,鉴定出73个化合物,占挥发油总量的92.64%,主要成分为:正十六烷酸(25.22%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(6.47%)、11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸甲酯(4.42%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(15.35%)和(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(13.64%)。     

播娘蒿种子脂肪油组分的GC-MS分析

播娘蒿[Descurainia sophia（L．）Webb ex Prantl]为十字花科（Cruciferae）播娘蒿属（Descuainia Webb et Berth）1～2年生草本植物,其成熟的种子俗称南葶苈子,为临床常用中药材。葶苈子味辛、苦、大寒,具泻肺降气、祛痰平喘、行水消肿之功效。用于痰涎壅肺、喘咳痰多、胸肋胀满、胸腹水肿、小便不利、肺原性心脏病水肿等症。     

(10E,12Z,15Z)-9-hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester as an anti-inflammatory compound from Ehretia dicksonii

The methanol extract of Ehretia dicksonii provided (10E, 12Z, 15Z)-9-hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (1) which was isolated as an anti-inflammatory compound. Compound 1 suppressed 12-Otetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation on mouse ears at a dose of 500 microg (the inhibitory effect (IE) was 43%). Linolenic acid methyl ester did not inhibit this inflammation at the same dose. However, the related compounds of 1, (9Z,11E)-13hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (5) and (9Z,llE)13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (6), showed potent activity (IE500 microg of 63% and 79%, respectively). Compounds 1, 4 ((9Z, 12Z, 14E)-16-hydroxy-9,12,14-octadecatrienoic acid), 5 and 6 also showed inhibitory activity toward soybean lipoxygenase at a concentration of 10 microg/ml.     

发酵无花果香料的挥发性成分分析

利用微生物发酵无花果开发特色香料,并采用同时蒸馏萃取装置收集挥发性成分并用气相色谱一质谱仪对生物技术制备的无花果香料挥发性成分进行分离和鉴定,经毛细管色谱分离出47种组分,确认了其中的45种成分,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的百分含量,其主要成分为：9,12-十八碳二烯酸乙酯(27．34％)、十六酸乙酯(23．99％)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(6．18％)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(5．52％)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(4．72％)、十六酸甲酯(4．67％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯(4．48％)、9-十八碳烯酸乙酯(3．80％)、糠醛(2．53％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(1．85％)、十八酸乙酯(1．42％)、9-十八碳烯酸甲酯(1．26％)等。     

Identification of a novel fatty acid elongase with a wide substrate specificity from arachidonic acid-producing fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mortierella alpina</Emphasis> 1S-4

The isolation and characterization of a gene (MALCE1) that encodes a fatty acid elongase from arachidonic acid-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 are described. MALCE1 was confirmed to encode a fatty acid elongase by its expression in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, resulting in the accumulation of 18-, 19-, and 20-carbon monounsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoic acid. Furthermore, the MALCE1 yeast transformant efficiently elongated exogenous 9-hexadecenoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid. The MALCE1 gene-silenced strain obtained from M. alpina 1S-4 exhibited a low content of octadecanoic acid and a high content of hexadecanoic acid, compared with those in the wild strain. The enzyme encoded by MALCE1 was demonstrated to be involved in the conversion of hexadecanoic acid to octadecanoic acid, its main role in M. alpina 1S-4.     

三叶木通种子脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

三叶木通[Akebia trifoliata（Thunb．）Koidz．]为缠绕木质藤本,在中国南部、长江流域及西北地区均有分布,多生长在气候温和湿润、海拔300—2100m的荒野山坡、灌丛及沟谷疏林中,资源蕴藏量丰富。三叶木通果实通常在阴历八月成熟并沿腹缝线开裂,故俗称八月扎（炸）、八月瓜、羊开口,有广泛的保健作用,其种子、茎、叶和根均可入药,民间多用于治疗小便赤涩、妇女经闭、乳汁不通等疾病,并具有消除面部色斑和抗炎抗菌等功效。由于三叶木通果实具有良好的食用品质和丰富的营养,近年来,国内相关机构正在对其进行系统的驯化利用研究,以期能开发成新型水果。     

拟心叶党参挥发油成分的GC-MS分析及其抗菌活性(英文)

运用气-质联用技术对云南产桔梗科植物拟心叶党参(Codonopsis cordifolioidea)的鲜根和干根的挥发油成分进行了比较研究,鉴定了其中六十三个成分,并探讨了其具有浓郁臭味的分子基础。采用八种菌株对其挥发油成分进行了抗菌活性测试,结果表明仅金黄色葡萄球菌、伤寒沙门菌和痢疾杆菌为敏感菌株。     

白碧桃挥发性成分的快速分析(英文)

首次采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术提取并分析了白碧桃花蕾和花的挥发性成分。分别从白碧桃花蕾和花中鉴定了19和21个化合物。结果发现,油酸-2羟-基乙酯在花蕾中的含量高达43.62%,且仅存在于花蕾中;油酸在花蕾中的含量仅为2.65%,而在花中则高达58.69%,这表明在白碧桃花蕾开放的过程中,油酸-2羟-基乙酯被其体内的水解酶逐渐水解成油酸。     

Allene oxide cyclase: a new enzyme in plant lipid metabolism

The mechanism of the biosynthesis of 12-oxo-10,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid (12-oxo-PDA) from 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid in preparations of corn (Zea mays L.) was studied. In the initial reaction the hydroperoxide was converted into an unstable allene oxide, 12,13(S)-epoxy-9(Z),11,15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, by action of a particle-bound hydroperoxide dehydrase. A new enzyme, allene oxide cyclase, catalyzed subsequent cyclization of allene oxide into 9(S),13(S)-12-oxo-PDA. In addition, because of its chemical instability, the allene oxide underwent competing nonenzymatic reactions such as hydrolysis into alpha- and gamma-ketol derivatives as well as spontaneous cyclization into racemic 12-oxo-PDA. (+/-)-cis-12,13-Epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid and (+/-)-cis-12,13-epoxy-9(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid, in which the epoxy group was located in the same position as in the allene oxide substrate, served as potent inhibitors of corn allene oxide cyclase. On the other hand, the isomeric (+/-)-cis-9,10-epoxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid had little inhibitory effect. Allene oxide cyclase was present in the soluble fraction of corn homogenate and had a molecular weight of about 45,000 as judged by gel filtration. The enzyme activity was detected in several plant tissues, the highest levels being observed in potato tubers and in leaves of spinach and white cabbage.     

Purification and Characterization of Allene Oxide Cyclase from Dry Corn Seeds

Allene oxide cyclase (AOC; EC 5.3.99.6) catalyzes the cyclization of 12,13(S)-epoxy-9(Z),11,15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid to 12-oxo- 10,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid, the precursor of jasmonic acid (JA). This soluble enzyme was purified 2000-fold from dry corn (Zea mays L.) kernels to apparent homogeneity. The dimeric protein has a molecular mass of 47 kD. Allene oxide cyclase activity was not affected by divalent ions and was not feedback-regulated by its product, 12-oxo-l0,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid, or by JA. ([plus or minus])-cis- 12,13-Epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid, a substrate analog, strongly inhibited the enzyme, with 50% inhibition at 20 [mu]M. Modification of the inhibitor, such as methylation of the carboxyl group or a shift in the position of the epoxy group, abolished the inhibitory effect, indicating that both structural elements and their position are essential for binding to AOC. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are often used to interfere with JA biosynthesis, did not influence AOC activity. The purified enzyme catalyzed the cyclization of 12,13(S)-epoxy-9(Z),11,15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid derived from linolenic acid, but not that of 12,13(S)-epoxy-9(Z),11- octadecadienoic acid derived from linoleic acid.     

大麦虫不同虫态甲醇粗提物化学成分的分析和比较

为了探寻大麦虫Zophobas morio变态发育过程中化学成分的变化, 本研究利用薄层色谱技术对大麦虫的3个虫态(幼虫、 蛹和成虫)甲醇粗提物中的化学成分进行分析和比较, 利用柱色谱技术、 核磁共振氢谱技术（¹H MR）和气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对蛹甲醇粗提物进行重点分析。结果表明： 虫蛹甲醇粗提物中含有幼虫和成虫甲醇粗提物中不存在的化学成分。对虫蛹甲醇粗提物进行针对性的结构研究, 共鉴定出10个脂肪酸。其中, 存在于大麦虫虫蛹中的10-十六碳酮酸、 10-十八碳酮酸为首次从自然界昆虫中获得; (8E, 11E)-8, 11-十八碳烯酸、 (9Z, 12Z)-9, 12-十八碳烯酸、 (9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-9, 12, 15-十八碳烯酸、 8-(3-辛基-2-环氧乙烷基)辛酸和8-(2-辛基环丙烷基)辛酸为首次从大麦虫中发现。以上研究结果为针对大麦虫不同生物阶段的开发利用提供新的理论依据。     

九节菖蒲脂溶性成分GC-MS分析

本文采用索氏提取法提取九节菖蒲中脂溶性成分,进行甲酯化处理后,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其组成和含量进行定性定量分析,共鉴定出21种脂溶性成分,主要为亚麻酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和芥酸,相对含量分别为48．26％、29．23％、10．63％和2．13％。九节菖蒲脂溶性成分具有较高的营养保健价值,值得进一步开发利用。     

Characterization of surface n-alkanes and fatty acids of the epiphytic lichen Xanthoria parietina, its photobiont a green alga Trebouxia sp., and its mycobiont, from the Jerusalem hills.

Surface alkanes and fatty acids from the thalli of the lichen Xanthoria parietina, its photobiont Trebouxia sp., and its mycobiont were analysed by GC-MS. The green alga Trebouxia sp. synthesized mainly unsaturated fatty acids such as (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-18 : 3 (Z,Z)-9,12-18 : 2 and (Z)-9-18 : 1, and light alkanes C8-C15 (up to 83% of total n-alkanes). However, the mycobiont contained mainly saturated fatty acids such as hexadecanoic (16 : 0) and octadecanoic acid (18 : 0), and also very long-chain n-alkanes C22-C34. Dehydroabietic acid was found in both lichen and mycobiont. The occurrence of different amounts of n-alkanes and fatty acids in the photobionts and mycobionts of X. parietina was shown for the first time. Lichens collected from different locations in the Jerusalem hills contained n-alkanes ranging in concentration from 187 to 211 mg x (g dry wt)-1; n-alkane concentrations in the photobiont and mycobiont were 17-24 and 215-262 mg x (g dry wt)-1, respectively.     

Variability of hydrocarbon and fatty acid components in cultures of the filamentous cyanobacterium Scytonema sp. isolated from microbial community "black cover" of limestone walls in Jerusalem

The hydrocarbon and lipid components of four strains of the filamentous cyanobacterium Scytonema sp. isolated from microbial community Black Cover of limestone walls in Jerusalem were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using serially coupled capillary columns. The dominant compounds were: 1-heptadecyne (1.5-8%), hexadecanoic acid (14-36%), (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (12-30%), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (6-12%), n-heptadecane (4-16%), and 1-heptadecene (1.5-8%). In addition to unsaturated alkanes and fatty acids, the very long-chain (C₃₀-C₃₂) hydrocarbons, squalene (2.4-3.0%), and branched 4,8,12-trimethyl-C_13:0 acid were also isolated. Two major hydrocarbons were detected in the cyanobacteria species using GC-MS and ¹³C-NMR.