甘蓝型油菜下胚轴和带柄子叶再生体系研究

以甘蓝型油菜野油19号的下胚轴和带柄子叶为外植体,研究其下胚轴和带柄子叶在不同浓度激素配比下的分化率及再生频率的变化。该品系的油菜下胚轴和带柄子叶在1.5 mg/L的2,4-D中预培养4 d后,转入分化培养基中,其愈伤组织形成早,发生快,再生频率和分化频率均较高。其中,下胚轴转入MS+3 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA培养基中的分化率和再生频率最高,再生频率达到86.67%;带柄子叶外植体的再生频率要比下胚轴的再生频率低,在MS+4 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L NAA的分化培养基中芽的再生频率为46.67%。本研究初步建立了甘蓝型油菜野油19号的高频率再生体系。     

甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴再生植株无性系建立

以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)豫油2号和6257的子叶和下胚轴为材料,在不同激素配比的MS培养基上诱导出了愈伤组织。将经过继代的部分愈伤转入分化培养基,分化结果表明:除基因型、外植体和分化培养基的激素配比对分化率有影响外,诱导愈伤培养基的激素配比对分化率也至关重要。豫油2号的子叶和下胚轴在最适诱导培养基(ZT 1+NAA0.5+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L)和最适分化培养基(ZT4+IAA 0.2 mg/L)组合中的愈伤分化率分别为12.5%和75%;6257的子叶和下胚轴在其最适诱导培养基(KT 2+NAA1+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L)和最适分化培养基(6-BA 4+IAA 0.02 mg/L)组合中的愈伤分化率分别为50%和37.5%。将其最适诱导培养基中的愈伤组织继代达8个月以上,建立了不同继代愈伤的再生植株无性系。     

甜椒的离体培养及建立再生体系研究

以荷兰进口甜椒的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,接种到附加不同植物生长调节剂的培养基上,筛选出MS+6-BA 4.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L为子叶和下胚轴最佳不定芽分化培养基;MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L和MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L为最佳不定根分化培养基。     

甘蓝型油菜高效离体再生体系的建立

以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napusL.)HC8为材料,从无菌苗苗龄、预培养基激素浓度、预培养天数、6-BA及NAA的浓度等方面对影响油菜组织培养的因素进行了分析研究,建立了甘蓝型油菜品系HC8的离体再生技术体系。结果表明,该油菜组织培养的最佳苗龄为5 d;最佳预培养时间为5 d,最佳2,4-D浓度为1.0 mg/L;子叶最佳诱导培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/LNAA+3.5 mg/L AgNO3或MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+3.5 mg/L AgNO3,该条件下子叶愈伤组织诱导率最高可达100%,再生频率及分化频率分别可达88.0%和108.33%;下胚轴最佳诱导培养基为MS+4.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA+3.5 mg/L AgNO3,子叶愈伤组织诱导率最高可达95.24%,再生频率及分化频率分别可达81.82%和104.55%;最佳生根培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L NAA,生根率最高为90.0%。     

不同激素对花生离体分化的影响

对TDZ和2,4-D等激素在花生成熟胚外植体分化中的影响进行了研究.结果表明,花生成熟胚3～5 d龄实生苗的幼叶和胚轴在低浓度TDZ的诱导下,可分化产生高频不定芽和少量体细胞胚,转到无激素MS培养基或MS BA 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.4 mg/L的培养基后形成丛生苗.丛生苗分离后转入含1/2 MS(大量元素) IBA 0.4 mg/L的培养基中诱导生根,可形成完整的再生植株.幼叶分化率高于胚轴,但胚轴分化成苗速度快.无菌水浸泡16～24 h的胚轴在5～ 30 mg/L 2,4-D的诱导下,分化产生低频不定芽;而胚叶则产生高频体细胞胚,但畸形较严重.     

稀有植物裸果木的组织培养及植株再生

对稀有植物裸果木进行组织培养研究,在MS培养基上裸果木的下胚轴脱分化形成愈伤组织,并进一步分化形成再生植株。激素种类及其浓度是器官脱分化与植株再生的决定因素。诱导下胚轴形成愈伤组织的最适培养基为MS 1mg／L 6-BA 0．5mg／L NAA;芽分化诱导的最适培养基为MS 1 mg／L6-BA;生根的最适培养基为不含任何激素的1／2MS培养基。     

坦及尔山黧豆的组织培养

植物名称:坦及尔山黧豆(Lathyrus tingtanus)。材料类别:下胚轴。培养条件:以MS为基本培养基,诱导愈伤组织和分化培养基为:(1)MS 2,4-D0.5mg/L(单位下同);(2)MS NAA1.0 BA2.0;(3)MS BA1.0 NAA2.0;(4)无激素MS.     

沙打旺原生质体培养再生植株

用1%半纤维素酶,0.4%纤维素酶,0.1%果胶离析酶,CPW9M酶液分离沙打旺无菌苗下胚轴和子叶原生质体。K8P原生质体培养基悬滴培养。下胚轴原生质体形成小细胞团后用琼脂糖包埋培养,形成小块愈伤组织后转入增殖培养基M1、M2(改良MS培养基)上形成大块愈伤组织。经过两次诱导分化,在分化培养基M3(MS 0.7mg/L BA 0.2mg/L NAA),M4(MS 0.5mg/L BA 0.5mg/L KT 0.5mg/L ZT 0.2mg/L NAA)和M6(MS 3mg/L ZT 0.2mg/L IAA)上分化出苗,再生植株。由子叶分离的原生质体未能形成愈伤组织。     

罗布麻子叶和下胚轴再生植株的培养

本文报道了用罗布麻（Apocynum venetam)幼苗的子叶和下胚轴切段诱导出愈伤组织和再生植株。结果表明,愈伤组织的诱导在附加0.5mg/L6－BA和0.1-1mg/L NAA的MS培养基上为最好。在附加0.5mg/L NAA的MS培养基上培养愈伤组织能促进芽的分化,当NAA浓度增加到1mg/L时则能抑制芽的分化。随后在附加0.4mg/L IBA的MS培养基上诱导生根,获得完整再生植株。     

田菁的组织培养（简报）

田菁种子在1/2MS NAA0.5mg/L琼脂的半固体培养基上诱导发芽;以种子苗的茎尖、叶、茎、子叶和下胚轴各切段为外植体,在1/2MS 6-BA 2.0mg/L NAA 0.25mg/L上可分化出丛生芽;在1/2MS NAA0.2mg/L生根培养基上,生根率达90%以上.上述培养基均添加25g/L蔗糖和7g/L琼脂,pH 5.8.     

Enhancement of Plant Regeneration Rate of Brassica parachinensis Cultured in Vitro

Among the major factors affected plant regeneration in Brasica parachinensis, a combination of BAP (bacterial alhaline phosphatase) and NAA, at a concentration of 2 mg/L and 1 mg/L respectively, could raise 26.8% of the regeneration rate. It was also found that Ag- NO3 or ABA when supplemented in the culture medium could increase the plant regeneration rate by 79. 0% and 32.30% respectively, indicating that AgNO3 was superior to ABA as a single factor. With a combination of AgNO3 (4 mg/L) and ABA (0. 5 mg/L) added to MS medium already supplemented with ABA 2.0 mg/L and NAA 1.0 mg/L the authors had achieved remarkable results in frequency increase of 89.0%, 84.3% and 86.0% in three explant varieties of B. parachinensis, viz "49-19', "60D' and "70D', respectively. Among the three explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl and petiole with cotyledon), petiole with cotyledon possessed the highest capability for plant regeneration. In addition the age of seedlings and mode of inoculations also influenced the frequency of plant regeneration.' Histological observation evidenced that the mode of plant regeneration in B. parachinensis was of organogenesis. Adventitions buds derived from the cells of vascular parenchyma at the cut surface of petioles. Mature plants were developed after the plantlets were transferred into the plot.     

中国木薯栽培种通过器官发生再生植株研究

本文研究了中国木薯栽培种四种外植体通过器官发生再生植株的条件。结果表明:在MS附加0.05mg/L TIBA,1mg/L BA的培养基上“NZ 188”初步的萌发胚状体“切头”后切口处可直接产生丛芽,出芽率为43%。“SC201”胚状体子叶块在MS附加0.5 mg/L NAA,0.5mg/L BA的培养基上可直接出芽,出芽率为42%,在MS附加0.5mg/L IBA,1.5mg/L BA培养基上·出芽率为31%,AgNO_3和ABA单独使用或配合使用均不利于芽的再生。“NZ188”胚状体下胚轴在MS附加0.5mg/LNAA,0.5mg/L BA的培养基上形成的愈伤组织转入MS附加1mg/L NAA,2mg/L BA的培养基上,3周后大多数愈伤组织有绿点出现、仅4.4%外植体分化出芽。“HZ188”无菌苗茎段接种在MS附加0.05mg/L TIBA,2mg/LBA的固体培养基上,2周后形成大量愈伤组织,4周后仅见一块愈伤组织分化出芽。     

彩色大白菜子叶的不定芽再生

以彩色大白菜子叶为外植体,研究不同激素配比和AgNO3对不定芽再生的影响。结果表明:单独附加细胞分裂素(6-BA或TDZ)的MS培养基,不能诱导子叶不定芽分化;而同时附加生长素(NAA)和细胞分裂素(6-BA或TDZ),不定芽的再生频率提高,最高为15%;AgNO3与细胞分裂素及生长素配合使用,能大幅度提高子叶不定芽的再生频率,提高率最高达42.5%。与6-BA相比,TDZ对不定芽再生的效果更好。当TDZ浓度为0.05mg/L、NAA为0.3mg/L、AgNO3为8mg/L时,产生丛状芽数目最多,再生率最高,达50%。     

海甘蓝愈伤组织再生植株的研究

海甘蓝种子在附加有２～５ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋０１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的ＭＳ培养基上,幼苗生长健壮。幼苗的下胚轴和子叶柄在ＭＳ＋１ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ＋０５ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ的培养基上可以获得较好的愈伤组织。将来源于下胚轴的愈伤组织培养于含有０５ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ,２ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上分化出的丛生芽状态最好。最佳生根培养基为１／２ＭＳ＋０５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ。     

向日葵离体再生体系的建立

为了建立高效的向日葵离体再生体系,从基因差异、外植体取材、生长素和细胞分裂素浓度、附加物的添加等方面出发,对向日葵愈伤诱导、分化、生根等过程进行了系统优化。结果表明：杂交材料相对于自交材料更容易实现再生;最佳外植体是生长4 d的子叶;最佳愈伤诱导培养基是MS培养基 (MS) +2.0 mg/L 6-苄基腺嘌呤 (6-BA)+0.5 mg/L奈乙酸 (NAA)+1.0 mg/L激动素 (KT),诱导率最高可达100％;最佳分化培养基是MS+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.3 mg/L KT+0.3 mg/L硝酸银 (AgNO3)+0.2 g/L活性炭 (AC),芽分化率可达71％;最佳生根培养基是1/2 MS+0.6 mg/L吲哆丁酸 (IBA),生根率最高为77％。方差分析表明,材料基因型、外植体生长时间、激素、AgNO3、AC对向日葵再生呈现显著性影响。     

基因型和激素浓度对大豆植株再生的影响

本文采用8个大豆基因型,比较了NAA 激素浓度对大豆下胚轴植株再生的影响。结果表明：所有的基因型在合适的培养条件下, 均能形成愈伤组织,但不同基因型由愈伤组织诱导植株再生频率有很大差异。供试的8个品种中,在NAA浓度为0.1～0.5 mg／L的培养基上,汾豆33 号表现出较高的再生率,达50%;晋豆19号次之,为42%;而晋旱125则较低,仅19%。较合适的培养条件是：下胚轴在B5+NAA 0.3 mg／L+KT 1 mg／L+3%蔗糖,可高频率地诱导出愈伤组织并直接分化成苗。     

太白米组织培养的研究

太白米地下鳞茎在MS附加不同浓度KT、BA、IAA、NAA、2,4－D的培养基上,可诱导产生愈伤组织,其中在MS附加NAA 0.5mg/L,KT0.1mg/L的培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,可达65％,且生长快;培养在MS附加2,4－D 1.0mg/L,KT 0.1mg/L培养基上的鳞茎可经不定根直接发育成新的鳞茎,由此建立了太白米的鳞茎再生体系,鳞茎再生率达2．17倍。     

In vitro culture of Safflower L. cv. Bhima: initiation,growth optimization and organogenesis

Callus induction and in vitro plantlet regeneration systems for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. Bhima using root, hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants were optimized by studying the influence on organogenesis of seedling age, media factors, growth regulators and excision orientation. Supplementation of the medium with an auxin: cytokinin ratio < 1 enhanced the growth rate of callus cultures; however, for 2,4-D the ratio was > 1.34–11.41 μM concentrations of growth regulators (IAA, NAA, BA and Kinetin) in the medium were found effective for callus induction and regeneration in all explants. The calli could be maintained over 32 months. BA (4.43 μM) combined with casein hydrolysate (10 mg l-1) yielded the highest rate of shoot production on hypocotyl (3–6) and cotyledon (5–7) explants and cotyledonary derived callus (4–8). More shoots were produced on explants cut from the most basal region of cotyledons from 5 to 7-day-old seedlings than from older seedlings or more distal cut sites. Apolar placement of explants, inhibited shoot regeneration. The shoot regeneration potential remained upto 7 months in calli developed on NAA + BA. Of three media tested, MS was superior to SH-M and B5. Rooting of shoots was not efficient; 42% of the shoots were rooted on MS medium containing sucrose (7–8%) + IAA (2.8–5.7 μM). Capitula induction was observed in both callus mediated shoots on cotyledons and shoots on rooting medium with sucrose, IAA, NAA and IBA. Well developed plantlets were transferred to the field with a 34% success rate. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

影响油菜下胚轴外植体芽高频率再生的因素

以芥菜型油菜DB3 的下胚轴为外植体 ,分析了苗龄、激素、AgNO3 对油菜外植体的高频率再生的影响。结果发现 ,3～ 5d的苗用于诱导愈伤组织较佳 ,6 BA 1 .5mg/L +NAA 0 .1mg/L的组合对下胚轴芽的分化较好 ,AgNO3 可提高下胚轴芽的分化率     

膀胱果种子离体萌发与植株再生

以膀胱果种子为外植体,通过对基本培养基、生长调节剂配比及移栽基质的筛选,初步建立其离体培养再生体系。结果表明,MS培养基是较适合膀胱果种子萌芽和幼苗生长的基本培养基;诱导下胚轴脱分化成愈伤组织的较佳培养基配方为MS + 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L;顶芽增殖培养的最佳培养基为MS + KT 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L;芽苗生根的最佳培养基为1/2MS + NAA 1.0 mg/L;以泥炭土作为移栽基质,成活率达70%,且幼苗生长健壮。