苦荞胚性愈伤组织诱导与植株再生研究

以苦荞子叶和下胚轴为外植体,进行了不同浓度激素组合的MS和SH固体培养基对胚性愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究。结果发现,MS培养基比SH培养基更有利于胚性愈伤组织诱导;2,4-D是诱导愈伤组织的有效激素,KT能有效促进胚状体的形成;下胚轴和子叶都能有效诱导出胚性愈伤组织和再生植株。下胚轴在MS 1.5mg·L-12,4-D 1.5mg·L-1BA培养基,子叶在MS 2mg·L-12,4-D 0.5~1.5mg·L-1BA上能高效诱导出愈伤组织;愈伤组织在MS 2mg·L-12,4-D 0.1mg·L-1KT培养基中继代,能有效诱导胚性愈伤组织;来自下胚轴的胚性愈伤组织在1/2MS 2.0mg·L-1BA 0.5mg·L-1KT 0.1mg·L-1NAA培养基上能够高频再生出芽,来自子叶的胚性愈伤组织在1/2MS 1.0mg·L-1BA 0.1mg·L-1KT 0.1mg·L-1NAA培养基上芽诱导率较高;MS 1mg·L-1NAA是适宜的再生苗生根培养基。     

胡杨器官和体胚发生方式的植株再生

目的：为以胡杨为亲本的体细胞杂交育种奠定基础。方法：以胡杨苗叶片为外植体,通过器官和体胚两种不同发生方式建立了离体再生体系。结果：附加0．75mg/L BA、0．5mg/L NAA基本培养基及3w暗培养是愈伤组织诱导的最佳条件;附加0．25mg/L BA和0．1mg/L NAA的基本培养基上不定芽的诱导率最高;1／2大量元素的MS培养基附加0．1mg/l NAA、0．05mg／L和1．5％蔗糖对不定芽生根效果最好;诱导并筛选出的胚性愈伤组织在附加了0．5mg/L BA、0．5mg／L NAA的基本培养基上诱导获得大量胚状体,干化处理后大部分能经子叶胚期萌发成苗。结论：外植体的采集周期和培养条件影响胡杨离体叶片的形态发生途径。     

党参的离体培养及植株再生的研究

在附加激素的MS培养基上,培养党参下胚轴和无菌芽切段,诱导产生愈伤组织并且再生植株。经过两年多(15个世代)的继代培养,建立了党参体细胞无性系。实验结果表明:(1)培养基MS 0.4mg/L 2,4-D 0.8mg/L Kt 2.0mg/L IAA对愈伤组织诱导及继代培养,MS 0.2mg/L 6-BA诱导外植体产生丛芽和愈伤组织再分化,MS 0.5mg/L NAA 0.2mg/L 6-BA及MS 0.2mg/L NAA诱导生根效果最好。(2)愈伤组织再分化经过胚状体途径。     

莴苣通过胚状体途径的快速繁殖

诱导莴苣子叶产生愈伤组织和胚状体效果最好的培养基是MS NAA2.0 KT0.5mg/L(单位下同)和 MS NAA0.2 BA2.0。两种培养基上胚状体发生频率分别为79.0％和76.0％.最适碳源是3％的蔗糖。     

何首乌体细胞胚的诱导及植株再生研究

以何首乌茎尖、茎段为外植体,经体细胞胚发生途径,进行胚性愈伤组织诱导、体细胞胚的诱导、植株再生的研究.并采用临时压片法对体细胞胚的发育过程进行观察.结果表明愈伤组织诱导最适培养基为Ms＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.5 mg/L,体细胞胚诱导最适培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L.将产生的体细胞胚首先接种于MS基本培养基使其充分发育后转入MS＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L培养基中诱导出芽,出芽率高于直接采用Ms＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L培养基诱导.体细胞胚的发育过程是首先在愈伤组织表面形成许多瘤状突起即胚性细胞团,胚性细胞团继续发育成球形胚、盾形胚,球形胚、盾形胚成熟后发育成植株.     

新疆天山雪莲体胚诱导与分化研究

以新疆天山雪莲的叶片为外植体,分别用不同配方培养基诱导愈伤组织,后进行体胚诱导和分化培养形成再生雪莲植株.结果表明,诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基为MS 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L BA 1.5 mg/L,诱导率可达到100%;愈伤组织转移至MS 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L BA 1.5 mg/L培养基进行继代培养,增殖后的愈伤组织转移到MS 2,4-D 0.2 mg/L的液体培养基后成功诱导出雪莲体胚,出胚率达40%;将体胚接至MS ABA 0.5 mg/L培养基后,结果分化生长出大量的再生雪莲幼苗.     

秦艽(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.)离体培养再生过程中体细胞胚的发生(简报)

本文以秦艽叶片和茎段作为外植体,通过离体培养对秦艽植株再生途径进行研究。愈伤组织在添加2mg/L 2,4-D和0.5mg/L BA的MS培养基上诱导,两周内可出现愈伤组织。愈伤组织在相同激素配比并附加500mg/L LH的MS培养基上继代。愈伤组织的分化在添加有0.1mg/L 2,4-D和0.5mg/L BA的MB培养基上进行。通过显微观测,疑似体细胞胚可以在叶片和茎段的愈伤组织上产生。形态学和组织学的分析进一步证实了秦艽离体再生过程中体细胞胚发生的现象。体细胞胚和合子胚一样,也经历球形、心形、鱼雷和子叶胚等发育时期。相对独立的结构说明秦艽的体细胞胚可能是单细胞来源。体细胞胚在愈伤组织的表面和内部都有出现。在本实验中,体细胞胚发生途径是在秦艽愈伤组织形成后观察到的唯一再生途径。     

诱导茶树成熟胚培育成幼苗的研究

以茶树品种——农抗早的成熟胚为外植体离体培养,初次研究了2,4-D、6-BA等不同植物激素对茶树成熟胚诱导成幼苗的影响。结果表明,在合适的激素组合条件下,愈伤组织诱导为97%,在附加2.5mg/L 6-BA 0.5mg/L NAA的MS培养基上,愈伤组织的芽分化率为14.2%,附加1.5mg/L NAA的1/2 MS培养基,幼苗的根分化率为5%。     

槐树子叶组织培养中的形态发生研究

槐树子叶在MS附加0.1～5 mg/L BA 和0.1—5 mg/L 2,4-D的培养丛上培养两周,获得了灰色疏松型及白、绿色紧密型两种类型的愈伤组织。后者经培养产生不定芽并再生植株。子叶切块在MS 附加0.1～8 mg/L 2,4-D等培养基上培养3周,在切口处形成愈伤组织的同时,由其表面直接分化产生胚状体。组织学观察表明,胚状体来源于子叶的表皮及叶肉细胞,胚状体产生通过单细胞起源及多细胞出芽两种方式发生。胚状体发育依次通过球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶胚等阶段形成再生植株,其发育过程与合子胚相似。     

中粒种咖啡花药培养成完整植株

1 植物名称中粒种咖啡(coffea robusta)。 2 材料类别花药。 3 培养条件基本培养基为MS,(1)诱导愈伤组织培养基附加KT0.8 mg/L(单位下同)、2,4-D 0.8、NAA1、蔗糖5％、琼脂0.5％,pH 5.8。(2)诱导胚状体培养基附加BA 2、KT 0.5、NAA 0.2、CH 500、蔗糖3％、琼脂0.6％,pH 5.8。(3)胚状体分化成苗培养基为3/4MS附加BA0.5、NAA0.8、GA0.1、活性炭0.1％、蔗糖2.5％、琼脂0.7％,pH 5.8。培养温度25     

马铃薯离体再生及人工种子研究

马铃薯３个品种虎头,克４和Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ的茎叶外植体在ＭＳ＋１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋１ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ培养基上形成愈伤组织。在ＭＳ＋０２ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋１ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ培养基上,愈伤组织分化产生不定芽。在ＭＳ＋００５ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ培养基上,不定芽生根形成再生完整植株。０２～０３ｃｍ大小的不定芽反复继代可持续增殖。有３个以上叶片的不定芽在ＭＳ＋５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ＋００５ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ培养基上和黑暗条件下,在侧芽或顶芽部位形成微型薯。用４％海藻酸钠和２％氯化钙溶液包裹０２～０３ｃｍ大小的不定芽或直径为０２～０３ｃｍ的微型薯制成微芽人工种子和微薯人工种子。在４℃下贮存２个月后,微芽人工种子和微薯人工种子在有菌腐殖土壤中播种２１ｄ的萌发率分别是１５７％和９６２％。     

龙牙楤木幼芽体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生(简报)

龙牙楤木[Aralia elate(Miq.)Seem]是五加科楤木属的多年生乔本药用植物,又称刺老鸦,具有补气、活血、祛风、利湿、止痛等功效。主要分布于我国东北地区、朝鲜、日本和俄罗斯的西伯利亚地区。其幼嫩茎叶是有名的山菜,在我国及东南亚一些国家很受欢迎。但是,近些年来由于人为恶性采伐,使     

银杏愈伤组织培养及其黄酮类化合物的测定(简报)

采用银杏胚、胚乳及3个月苗龄的苗叶为外植体,在附加不同激素的培养基上诱导出愈伤组织,从愈伤组织中提取黄酮类化合物并测定其含量。结果表明,由胚诱导的愈伤组织中黄酮类化合物含量最高。     

龙牙匆木幼芽体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生（简报）

Explants excised from the young shoots of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. were cultured on MS media. Calli were induced from the explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D, 0.5 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Then these calli were transferred onto the MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.2% activated charcoal. Under these conditions the somatic embryoids were observed and regenerated plants were obtained from somatic embryogenesis. Then, a experimental system with stability and high regenerating efficiency has been set up for the propagation of the young plants, the cell breeding technology and the control of somatic embryogenesis of Aralia elata (Miq.).     

半日花的组织培养及植株再生(简报)

半日花(Helianthemum Songaricum Schrenk)是半日花科半日花属落叶小灌木,分布于新疆、甘肃和内蒙古等荒漠地区海拔1000米至1300米山地。为亚洲中部荒漠特有种和古地中海植物区系孑遗种,是生长了7000万年的远古植物。比具有“活化石”之称的水杉和银杏还要早几千万年。植物学家将它及与之同龄的四合木、沙冬青和革苞菊等十几种植物统称为“古老残遗濒危植物”。故而在研究亚洲中部荒漠,特别是研究我国荒漠植物区系的起源以及与地中海     

Regeneration of grape (Vitis labruscana cv. Kyoho) by shoot-tip culture

We investigated the optimal levels of growth regulators, culture media, and pH on callus growth and organogenesis of in-vitro cultured ‘Kyoho’ grapes. Calli were induced by culturing leaf blades on an MS basal medium supplemented with 1 mg/IL BA and 0.01 mg/L 2,4-D. In addition, calli originating from the exocarp and mesocarp of grape fruits devel-oped on MS media supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IAA, NAA, or 2,4-D, or with 0.2 mg/L BA. In testing the potential for plant regeneration from shoot tips on various media, we found that the Nitsch medium, with I mg/L BA, was optimal for caulogenesis. The type of shoot development depended on the pH of the medium, with vigorous multiple-shoot devel-opment occurring at pH 6.0, and single shoots forming at pH 5.0. Finally, we were able to obtain rooted seedlings from the regenerated shoots that had been cultured on 1/4-strength Nitsch medium supplemented with 0.03 mg/L NAA.     

In vitro culture of Cuminum cyminum regeneration of flowering shoots from calli of hypocotyl and leaf explants

Calli from hypocotyl explant of Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) grew rapidly on Gamborg's B₅ basal medium with the following supplements, (i) 0.5 mg/l — 2,4-D (ii) 4 mg/l — NAA plus 2 mg/l — Kinetin and (iii) 0.2 mg/l — NAA plus 0.2 mg/l — BAP, whereas calli from leaf explant in these media grew slowly. Hypocotyl and leaf calli produced roots when transferred to basal medium only and shoots in basal medium with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l BAP. Ninety percent of the shoots produced roots when they were transferred to half strength MS inorganic salts supplemented with 0.5 mg/l each of IBA and NAA.Fifty to sixty percent of rootless as well as rooted shoots produced terminal umbellate flowers on this medium.     

Growth and net photosynthetic rates of Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith under photomixotrophic and various photoautotrophic micropropagation conditions

Calli were induced from leaf explants of seedling in Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck (pummelo) on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid. 2,4-D was most effective. Only green, compact calli induced by 2,4-D at low concentrations (0.9 and 4.5 M) were capable of shoot formation and regenerated more than 13 shoots per callus on MS medium containing at least 6.66 M benzyladenine (BA). Calli induced by other auxins did not regenerate shoots on MS medium containing BA at all concentrations studied. A multiplication rate of 5–7 shoots was achieved from shoot tip culture on MS medium with 0.89 M BA. Roots developed when regenerated shoots were cultured on MS medium with 9.84 M indole-3-butyric acid and 5.37 M NAA. No response was obtained on mature leaves cultured on MS medium supplemented with the above mentioned auxins at various concentrations.     

沙打旺悬浮培养细胞原生质体的体细胞胚胎发生再生植株(英文)

以继代培养5—24代的沙打旺(Astra-galus adsurgens Pall.)胚性悬浮系为材料,从生长4d的细胞培养物中可游离出大量有活力的原生质体。细胞预质壁分离或低温预处理对原生质体得率和活力没有影响,但可提高原生质体培养的植板率。预处理的原生质体培养在NH_4NO_3浓度降至2.5mmol/L,并附加0.5mg/L NAA、1.0mg/L 2,4-D、0.7mg/L BA和0.4mol/L葡萄糖的KM8P培养基中,经持续分裂形成细胞克隆,植板率高达16%—20%。细胞克隆在附加1.0mg/L 2,4-D和0.5mg/L BA的MS培养基中增殖后,转至含0.1mg/L NAA和1.0mg/L BA的MS分化培养基中可形成体细胞胚,平均体细胞胚发生频率约为40%,每个克隆产生20—40个体细胞胚。在无激素的1/2MS培养基中,体细胞胚发育成形态正常和染色体数稳定的小植株。