人GM—CSF cDNA的克隆和在大肠杆菌中的表达

从诱导的人胚肺细胞ＨＦＬ株中提取总ＲＮＡ．经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ反应获取了人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ,ＤＮＡ序列测定表明其顺序与文献报道完全一致。为了获得高效表达,应用ＰＣＲ改造了人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的ｃＤＮＡ５’端核苷酸序列,并将改造的人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因插入含Ｔ７启动子的质粒ｐＥＴ－１１ｄ构建成表达质粒ｐＥＴＣ－５,将此质粒转化大肠杆菌株ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）得到表达菌株ＢＬＥＣ４。表达菌株用０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＩＰＴＧ诱导２小时后,产生大量重组蛋白并形成包涵体。ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ电泳图谱扫描结果表明,ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ产量占菌体总蛋白量的１６％。ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＴＦ－１细胞培养测定表明,初步纯化和复性的ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ具有天然的ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ生物活性。     

大肠杆菌表达的重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的纯化

对重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）高效表达克隆ｐＺＷ．ＧＭ的表达产物进行了纯化,并对纯化的ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ进行了Ｎ端氨基酸序列分析。人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因表达产物在大肠杆菌中以不溶性包涵体形式存在,经过超声破菌、包涵体抽提、凝胶过滤层析、复性、离子交换一系列化步骤,终产物纯度达９９％,按蛋白总量计算回收率达１０％,比活性达１×１０＾７ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白质。通过测定纯化人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的Ｎ端１     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子的纯化

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ）在工程菌ｐＣＧ－１／ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ／ＤＨ５ａ中以无活性的包涵体形式大量表达。经过菌体破碎分离包涵体、包涵体变性复性后,ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ的活性得到恢复。用离子交换和疏水层析纯化了ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ,比活性达１．５７×１０８ｕ／ｍｇ,纯度大于９８％。     

rhGM—CSF／LIF融合蛋白基因的克隆及表达

利用基因重组技术,人工构建了一个编码五肽Ｇ－Ｓ－Ｇ－Ｇ－Ｓ的基因接头,将ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ和ＬＩＦ的ｃＤＮＡ相连而构成融合基因,将融合基因载入原核表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０后转化大肠杆菌,经热诱导后进行Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹反应鉴定证实获得ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ／ＬＩＦ融合蛋白（简称ｒｈｇＭ－ＬＩＦ）活性测定表明重组的融合蛋白具有两因子双重活性。     

大肠杆菌表达的重组人粒细胞—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（rhGM—CS…

对重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）的工程菌表达产物进行纯化,经过超声破碎,包涵体抽提,凝胶层析,复性,离子交换一系列纯化步骤,终产物纯度达９８％,比活性达１０００００００ｕ／ｍｇ。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及快速纯化工艺的建立

基因工程重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ）主要用于癌症患者化疗后的粒细胞减少症．在正确克隆人Ｇ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ的基础上,重点对Ｇ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ的５′端进行了较为彻底的修饰,修饰后的基因插入ｐＢＶ２２０载体组建成功ｐＢＶ２２０／Ｇ－ＣＳＦ／２－１７４高效表达载体．表达后ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析其表达最高达５０％以上．根据Ｇ－ＣＳＦ表达形成包涵体这一特性,建立了一条简便、稳定,适用于大规模生产的分离纯化工艺流程．首先分离纯化包涵体,８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ尿素裂解包涵体,稀释复性蛋白,之后一步ＳＰ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦＦ柱层析至均质．纯化的Ｇ－ＣＳＦ比活性达３．４×１０８Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白,每升表达菌液回收的Ｇ－ＣＳＦ总活性达１．０６×１０１１Ｕ．纯化产物的Ｎ－端氨基酸序列分析表明,对甲硫氨酸的去除彻底,用于人体时可能具有较小的免疫原性和毒性     

大肠杆菌表达的重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)的纯化

对重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）的工程菌表达产物进行纯化,经过超声破碎,包涵体抽提,凝胶层析,复性,离子交换一系列纯化步骤,终产物纯度达９８％,比活性达１０００００００ｕ／ｍｇ。     

rhGM—CSF对人骨髓粒单祖细胞集落形成及U937细胞分化的影响

本文应用造血祖细胞体外培养技术研究了重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ—ＣＳＦ）对正常人骨髓粒单祖细胞集落（ＣＦＵ—ＧＭ）形成的影响,结果表明ｒｈＧＭ—ＣＳＦ在体外能促进细胞集落的形成,此种效应在一定范围内呈剂量依赖关系,与ＬＥＵＣＯＭＡＸ各剂量组相比无显著性差异。采用ＮＢＴ还原试验和ＡＰＡＡＰ法观察了ｒｈＧＭ—ＣＳＦ对Ｕ９３７细胞分化的影响,结果显示ｒｈＧＭ—ＣＳＦ能抑制Ｕ９３７细胞的增殖,促进其分化,部分细胞具有ＮＢＴ还原能力,ＣＤ１１６阳性细胞数增加。     

用逆转录病毒载体表达人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子

应用基因工程的方法,将含有巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）启动子的基因片段和人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）的ｃＤＮＡ,克隆进逆转录病毒载体Ｎ２Ａ,得到重组质粒Ｎ２Ａ／ＣＭＶ／ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ．经脂质体包装并转染包装细胞,通过Ｇ４１８药物筛选,得到抗性克隆。经ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｍｂｌｏｔ检测证实,ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因已整合到该克隆细胞的染色体上,获得的逆转录病毒滴度达１０￣４ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ,克隆细胞培养上清用ＴＦ－１细胞可检测到ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ活性。     

优化mRNA翻译起始区提高人粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子在E．coli中的表达

人粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）是一种重要的造血生长因子．利用基因重组技术构建两个ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ表达菌株,一个为在不改变氨基酸顺序的前提下,对ｍＲＮＡ翻译起始区核苷酸顺序进行优化突变（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｍ））,另一个为未突变的对照（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｎ））．经酶切电泳、ＤＮＡ测序、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ等分析鉴定,证明两者均能表达特异性的１４．６ｋＤｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ,但ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｍ）的表达水平较ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｎ）提高了１．２６倍,占菌体总蛋白的１６．９％．ｍＲＮＡ翻译起始区二级结构预测分析表明,优化突变后生成自由能ΔＧ从原来的－１０．２提高至－９．４Ｋｃａｌ,ＡＵＧ从部分配对状态变为非配对状态．     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.