棉花凝集素的纯化及性质研究

抗枯萎、抗黄萎病的棉种的浸取液,经硫酸铵分级,纤维素柱、亲和层析后,再经分子筛过滤,获得在ＰＡＧＥ、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ或ＨＰＬＣ柱上均呈现单一蛋白带的棉花凝集素。该凝集素只凝集兔红细胞,对人Ａ、Ｂ或Ｏ型血细胞均不凝集,其凝集活性可被半乳糖或猪甲状腺球蛋白等所抑制。棉花凝集素在６５℃加热５ ｍ ｉｎ,即丧失全部凝集活性;它的凝集活性强烈地依赖于Ｃａ２＋ ;Ｍｎ２＋ 对活性也有促进作用,Ｍｇ２＋ 则无作用。经凝胶过滤或ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定,凝集素的分子量为６３０００,Ｎ－末端氨基酸为Ｖａｌ。凝集素含有１．５％ 的中性糖,是一种促有丝分裂原,细胞转化率为５０．３％ 。     

油麻藤种子中凝集素的纯化及性质的研究

中药常春油麻藤种子中含有Ａ型血专一性的凝集素（ＭＳＬ）．该凝集素可经盐析、离子交换及凝胶过滤进行纯化,当其浓度为０．４９μｇ／ｍｌ时就能凝集人Ａ型血细胞,对人类Ｂ、Ｏ型及兔红细胞无作用．Ｇａｌ,ＧａｌＮＡｃ和胃粘蛋白对ＭＳＬ的凝血活性有强抑制作用．ＭＳＬ含中性糖５．７％,凝胶过滤测得分子量为１３１８００,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得分子量为６６０００和３３０００,表明ＭＳＬ可能由两个不同亚基组成．ＭＳＬ还是一种促有丝分裂原,对人外周血中淋巴细胞的转化率可达７６．２％．     

油麻藤种子中凝集素的纯化及性质的研究

中药常春油麻藤种子中含有Ａ型血专一性的凝集素（ＭＳＬ）。该凝集素可经盐析、离子交换及凝胶过滤进行纯化,当其浓度为０．４９μｇ／ｍｌ时就能凝集人Ａ型血细胞,对人类Ｂ、Ｏ型及兔红细胞无作用。Ｇａｌ,ＧａｌＮＡｃ和胃粘蛋白对ＭＳＬ的凝血活性有强抑制作用。ＭＳＬ含中性糖５．７％,凝胶过滤测得分子量为１３１８００,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得分子量为６６０００和３３０００,表明ＭＳＬ可能由两个不同亚基组成。ＭＳＬ还     

菠菜叶片中两种酶型的磷酸果糖激酶性质的比较

菠菜叶片提取液经ＰＥＧ－６０００沉淀、ＤＥ－５２离子交换柱层析及分子筛ＳｅｐｈｅｃｔｙｌＳ－３００凝胶过滤得到两种分子量不同的依赖ＡＴＰ的磷酸果糖激酶（ＰＦＫ）。一为大分子酸型,分子量大于２０００ｋＤ,其活力可被Ｐｉ、３－ＰＧＡ、柠檬酸激活,被ＰＥＰ强烈抑制,Ｐｉ能减缓此抑制作用,Ｍｇ２＋为必需金属离子,但其浓度高于０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时酶活力降低;一为小分子酸型,分子量为３００ｋＤ,其活性受Ｐｉ、３－ＰＧＡ、柠檬酸和ＰＥＰ抑制,Ｍｇ２＋亦为必需金属离子,Ｈｉｌｌ系数为０．６７,表现负协同效应。实验证明小分子酸型可能存在叶绿体中,大分子酸型属于胞质酶。     

湖南尖吻蝮蛇毒两个出血毒素的纯化和理化性质

经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５凝胶过滤,ＱＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０和ＣＭ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｃ－２５离子交换层析的步骤,从湖南产尖吻蝮蛇毒中纯化出两个出血毒素。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得分子量均为２３．５ｋＤ,ＩＥＦ－ＰＡＧＥ测得等电点分别为５．６和５．２,两者具有相似的氨基酸组成,其中酸性氨基酸分别占２３％和２４％。ＤａＨＴ－１和ＤａＨＴ－２的最小出血剂量（ＭＨＤ）分别为０．５μｇ和０．８μｇ。都具     

紫藤凝集素的分离纯化及理化性质研究

用常规方法处理的ＤＥＡＥ离子交换纤维素柱,通过线性离子强度梯度洗脱,从紫藤种子的蛋白粗提液中得到一定纯度的紫藤凝集素。纯化的凝集素凝集兔红血球的比活提高４０倍,总活力回收率为１９．２％。紫藤凝集素的分子量经ＰＡＧＥ鉴定为２０５ｋｄ,是由两种亚基构成的四聚体,这两种亚基各有２个,分子量ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ鉴定分别为７７６００ｄ和２５１００ｄ。紫藤凝集素是一种糖蛋白,等电点约为４．６０。它可凝集人的各种血     

黄精凝集素Ⅱ的纯化及部分性质研究

囊丝黄精（ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎａｔｕｍｃｙｒｔｏｎｅｍａＨｕａ．）的根状茎,经浸取、用硫酸铵分级沉淀、猪甲状腺球蛋白－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ柱亲和层析、ＣＭ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ柱离子交换层析和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００凝胶过滤,可以分离纯化出黄精凝集素Ⅱ（ＰＣＬⅡ）．纯化的ＰＣＬⅡ在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中显示单一蛋白染色带;在快速高效液相色谱中亦为单一蛋白峰,经分子筛层析测得分子量为１５．９ｋＤ,最大紫外吸收值在２７８ｎｍ,ＰＣＬⅡ只凝集兔红细胞,当浓度为０．２５μｇ／ｍｌ时,即可发生凝集反应,此凝集兔红细胞的能力可被Ｄ－甘露糖和猪甲状腺球蛋白所抑制．氨基酸组成分析表明ＰＣＬⅡ分子中富含酸性氨基酸,Ｎ末端为丙氨酸．经测定ＰＣＬⅡ分子中含有３个色氨酸和２．４％的中性糖．原子发射光谱分析表明,该凝集素分子中含有Ｍｇ和Ｃａ两种金属元素．     

湖南尖吻蝮蛇毒两个出血毒素的纯化和理化性质

经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５凝胶过滤,ＱＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０和ＣＭ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＣ－２５离子交换层析的步骤,从湖南产尖吻蝮（Ｄｉｅｎａｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎａｃｕｔｕｓ）蛇毒中纯化出两个出血毒素（ＤａＨＴ－１和ＤａＨＴ－２）．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得分子量均为２３．５ｋＤ,ＩＥＦ－ＰＡＧＥ测得等电点分别为５．６和５．２,两者具有相似的氨基酸组成,其中酸性氨基酸（Ａｓｘ,Ｇｌｘ）分别占２３％和２４％,ＤａＨＴ－１和ＤａＨＴ－２的最小出血剂量（ＭＨＤ）分别为０．５μｇ和０．８μｇ。都具蛋白水解酶活性,无对ＴＡＭＥ,ＢＡＥＥ的水解活性和ＰＬＡ２酶活性．两者的蛋白水解酶活力与出血活性并非正相关．ＤａＨＴ－１和ＤａＨＴ－２的最适温度分别为３５℃和４０℃,最适ｐＨ为６－９,对热均不稳定,温度高于６０℃活性完全丧失。金属离子的分析显示每摩尔毒素蛋白约含０．５ｍｏｌ的Ｚｎ,１ｍｏｌ的Ｃａ,较多的Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ,不含Ｃｏ。     

圆弧青霉碱性脂肪酶的分离纯化和特性

圆弧青霉突变株ＰＧ３７ 发酵液经离心、硫酸铵盐析、疏水层析、阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤分离纯化得到了比活性为每毫克蛋白质５ ２００ ｕ 的碱性脂肪酶, 纯化倍数１６ ．５ , 得率３３．２％ , 在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）和ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ）上均呈现单一蛋白质条带。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ 和凝胶过滤分别测得酶的分子量为２７．５ ｋＤ和２９ ｋＤ, 表明该酶以单体形式存在。Ｎ末端１０ 个氨基酸的序列测定结果为ＡＴＡＤＡＡＡＦＰＤ, 与已知的碱性脂肪酶的Ｎ 末端序列没有同源性。酶学特性研究结果表明, 该酶的最适作用温度为２５ ℃, 在３０ ℃以下稳定,４０ ℃处理２０ ｍｉｎ 仅残留３０ ％ 酶活性;ｐＨ 稳定范围在６．５～１０．５ , 最适ｐＨ 为１０ ．０ 。低浓度的碱性蛋白酶对ＰＧ３７ 碱性脂肪酶活性的影响较小, 可同时添加在洗涤剂中。     

格拉姆柱花草(Stylosanthes gracilis H.B.K.cv.Graham)凝集素的纯化与性质研究

为了探讨凝集素在豆科植物与根瘤菌的识别过程中的作用,用ＤＥＡＥ－３２离子交换层析和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０凝胶过滤分离、纯化格拉姆柱花草种子凝集素（ＳＧＬ）,其分子量约为４５ｋＤ,由两个相同的亚基组成,等电点约ｐＨ５．８,它是一种糖蛋白,含糖量约为２．６％．ＳＧＬ的热稳定性强．ＳＧＬ的血凝活性能被甘露糖所抑制．ＳＧＬ对红细胞的凝集作用可能具有种属专一性;ＳＧＬ具有强的促有丝分裂作用;荧光标记实验显示：９株能与格拉姆柱花草植株结瘤的菌株有７株能与ＳＧＬ结合,６株不能与之结瘤的菌株,只有１株能与ＳＧＬ结合,这表明不同根瘤菌菌株对ＳＧＬ的结合能力,和它们在格拉姆柱花草上结瘤能力之间可能具有一定的生物学相关性．     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV