大豆异黄酮合成途径相关基因差异表达分析

大豆异黄酮是一种应用广泛、具有医用和保健功能的活性物质。为揭示异黄酮合成途径相关基因表达差异,本研究采用实时定量PCR技术分析相关基因在不同大豆品种、发育时期及组织部位的表达。结果发现,苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因PAL、肉桂酸羟化酶基因C4H、香豆酸辅酶A连接酶基因4CL在高异黄酮品种中豆27 R2期叶片中的表达量显著高于低异黄酮品种楚秀;查尔酮合成酶基因CHS、异黄酮合成酶基因IFS在中豆27 R8期子粒中的表达量显著高于楚秀;细胞色素还原酶基因CPR在中豆27 R7期叶片与子粒的表达量与楚秀相比显著降低。这些差异表达的基因可能是形成大豆品种异黄酮含量高低的重要原因。     

牡山羊草Aegilops juvenalis Puroindoline b基因的克隆

Puroindoline a（Pina）和puroindoline b（Pinb）是控制小麦籽粒硬度的主效基因。根据已报道的小麦Pinb基因的保守序列,设计合成了一对特异性引物,对六倍体牡山羊草Aegilops juvenalis（UUMMDD）的基因组DNA和胚乳eDNA进行Pinb基因扩增、克隆和序列测定,发现了两个新型Pinb等位基因Pinb-allele-1和Pinb-allele-2。该基因全长360bp,编码119个氨基酸残基。它编码的蛋白和麦类作物Puroindoline B（PinB）的成熟蛋白有非常高的同源性,具有麦类作物PinB蛋白所特有的WPTKWWK的色氨酸结构域和10个半胱氨酸所形成的5个二硫键结构。与软粒小麦ev．Capitole的Pinb-D1a相比较,其核苷酸同源性为93．1％、93．3％,氨基酸同源性为90．8％、92．4％。Pinb。allele。1和Pinb—allele一2分别含有11和9个氨基酸变异位点。RT—PCR证实了Pinb—allele一2基因在籽粒胚乳中的表达。SouthernBlot分析结果表明,牡山羊草中含有两个拷贝的Pinb基因,其中包含着与小麦差异较大的籽粒硬度控制基因。     

普通小麦不同优势杂交种及其亲本苗期根系基因的差异表达

为探讨小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)杂种优势形成的分子机理 ,选用普通小麦品种 (系 ) 3338、6 5 5 4和 2 410TD及其强优势杂种A(3338× 6 6 5 4)和无优势杂种B(2 410TD× 6 5 5 4) ,采用mRNA差异显示技术 ,对生长至三叶一心的根系 (初生根 )基因表达差异进行了比较研究。结果发现 ,小麦杂种一代苗期根系基因表达较亲本明显不同 ,表现为数量水平和质量水平上的差异 ,且差异表达基因的数目远高于我们以苗期叶片为材料的研究结果 ,表明小麦杂交种与其亲本间的基因差异表达与所研究的组织和器官有关。比较分析发现 ,在强优势杂种组合A中 ,超亲表达和偏高亲表达基因所占比例均明显高于无优势杂种组合B。以家族特异基因替代随机引物进行的差异显示结果表明 ,MADS_box家族基因在小麦杂交种和亲本苗期根系中存在着显著的表达差异 ,且差异表达类型以杂种特异表达和亲本基因在杂种一代沉默为主 ,说明MADS_box家族基因可能与小麦的杂种优势形成具有重要关系。对杂种和亲本基因表达差异与杂种优势的关系进行了分析和讨论     

猪骨骼肌MyHC-Ⅱb基因上调表达的分子机制

哺乳动物骨骼肌由各种不同类型的肌纤维镶嵌而成,不同类型肌球蛋白重链的表达是造成不同类型肌纤维的主要原因.目前已知的肌球蛋白重链家族包含8种亚型,其中长白猪骨骼肌My HC-Ⅱb的表达量显著高于中国地方猪,然而造成这种差异的分子机制未见报道.本研究用荧光定量PCR证明了长白猪背最长肌中My HC-Ⅱb m RNA的表达量显著高于莱芜猪(P=0.013).删除实验结果表明,从转录起始位点上游-1024 bp删除到-187 bp之后,My HC-Ⅱb表达量显著下降,分析发现,在这段启动子区域内存在3个E-box序列;分别突变这3个E-box序列后,My HC-Ⅱb启动子驱动的荧光素酶活性显著下降(P=0.036).另外,在My HC-Ⅱb上游启动子区?1398 bp处发现一个GT的突变,所检测的64头莱芜猪在该位点全部为GG型,65头长白猪中13头为GG型,16头为TT型,36头为GT型.在C2C12细胞系中的转染实验结果显示,G突变为T之后有增加My HC-Ⅱb表达的趋势.Western blot的结果表明,转录因子Myo D在两猪种间表达差异不显著(P=0.136),而Myf-5在长白猪中的表达量极显著高于其在莱芜猪中的表达量(P=0.0036).这些数据表明,Myf-5是造成猪My HC-Ⅱb基因m RNA上调表达的重要因素之一.     

小麦ARF基因家族生物信息学分析及在干旱胁迫下的表达特性研究

植物生长素响应因子ARF(auxin response factor)参与调节了植物的向性运动、顶端优势、微观的分化、侧根和茎的形态发生等众多生理反应,在植物生长发育的整个过程都起到重要调控作用。本研究通过对小麦最新基因组数据进行分析,获得了61个ARF家族基因,命名为TaARFs,根据染色体编号排列为TaARF1~TaARF61,对61个TaARFs基因进行系统生物信息学分析后发现ARF家族基因结构较为复杂,外显子数量从1个到15个变化不等,除了4号染色体和5A和5B染色体之外,其余的染色体均有ARF家族基因分布。ARF家族基因大多包含B3 DNA结构域、ARF结构域(Auxin-resp)和Aux/IAA结构域;同源进化分析表明,小麦ARF家族基因的旁系同源基因数量明显多于大麦和二穗短柄草。通过拟南芥数据库比对获得14个高同源的根系发育相关的小麦ARF家族基因,利用二系杂交小麦京麦6号及父母本根系为试材进行干旱胁迫处理及实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)筛选。结果表明,7个小麦ARF基因不同程度受到干旱胁迫诱导,其在旱胁迫下的表达量显著高于正常条件下的表达量,可能参与干旱胁迫应答;此外本研究还发现,ARF基因在F1杂交种中表达量显著高于双亲,表现出超亲表达模式,可能参与了根系抗旱杂种优势基因表达调控网络。     

水分胁迫下不同抗旱性小麦品种叶片转录因子表达差异研究

通过研究不同抗旱性小麦品种中转录因子表达水平的差异,为阐明小麦抗旱机制奠定基础。依据候选基因序列设计PCR引物,以干旱胁迫后0、3、6、9、12和24 h的小麦叶片为实验材料,以26S rRNA为内参,运用荧光定量PCR技术,检测Wdreb2、Wlip19基因在干旱敏感性和干旱耐受性小麦叶片中的相对表达量。定量PCR结果显示：干旱胁迫后,Wdreb2、Wlip19基因在干旱敏感性小麦叶片中的表达明显低于干旱耐受性小麦,在不同品种叶片中的响应时间和表达趋势存在差异。研究认为,Wdreb2、Wlip19基因在不同品种小麦受到干旱胁迫后的表达差异,与该品种小麦的抗旱能力具有一定的相关性。     

大豆籽粒发育过程中异黄酮合成相关酶基因的表达模式与异黄酮积累的相关分析

利用高效液相色谱法和实时定量PCR方法,分别测定了2个异黄酮含量显著差异的大豆品种鲁黑豆2号(LHD2)和南汇早黑豆(NHZ)在子粒发育过程中的异黄酮含量变化以及异黄酮合成相关酶基因的表达模式变化,试图分析异黄酮积累与各基因表达量变化的相关关系。结果表明在大豆子粒发育过程中,异黄酮含量逐渐升高,而不同异黄酮合成相关酶基因的表达趋势不同,CHS7、CHS8、CHR、CHI1A和IFS2的表达趋势与异黄酮积累模式基本一致,而IFS1和CHI1B1的表达趋势与异黄酮积累模式相反。IFR的表达模式在2个大豆品种中存在相反的趋势,在LHD2中与异黄酮组分积累趋势相反,而在NHZ中与异黄酮组分积累趋势相同。结果还表明,同一基因家族中不同基因在子粒发育过程中的表达量也存在差异。查尔酮合酶基因家族中CHS7和CHS8以及查尔酮异构酶基因家族的CHI1A的表达水平相对其他成员较高,异黄酮合酶基因家族中IFS2的表达量显著高于IFS1的表达量,预示这些基因家族在大豆子粒异黄酮积累过程中存在功能分化。此外,各基因表达模式与异黄酮积累的相关分析结果表明,不同基因表达模式与异黄酮积累的相关性在2个品种中也不尽相同。LHD2中CHS7、CHS8和IFS2在子粒发育过程中的表达量变化与不同异黄酮组分呈显著正相关,CHI1B1基因的表达量变化与不同异黄酮组分呈显著负相关。而在NHZ中,IFR在子粒发育过程中的表达量变化与多个异黄酮组分呈显著正相关。这预示了不同大豆品种异黄酮含量差异的潜在遗传基础。各异黄酮合成相关酶基因表达量变化的相关分析表明,在2个品种中,苯丙氨酸水解酶PAL1与4CL,4CL与CHS2以及CHS1与IFS2基因的表达量均呈现显著正相关。表明这些基因可能通过协同作用共同调控异黄酮的合成与积累。这些结果为今后利用基因工程提高大豆异黄酮含量奠定了基础。     

小麦TabHLH123-6A基因克隆与功能标记开发北大核心CSCD

根系是植物吸收水分与养分的重要器官,挖掘利用小麦根系相关调控基因对于粮食生产具有重要意义。b HLH(basic Helix-Loop-Helix)是植物中广泛存在的一类转录因子,参与调节植物的生长发育。本研究克隆了小麦基因Tab HLH123-6A,其开放阅读框1386 bp,编码461个氨基酸,含有保守的HLH结构域,具有典型的b HLH家族成员特性。对其互作蛋白预测分析发现,Tab HLH123-6A与HLH家族的其他蛋白以及锌指蛋白存在相互作用。组织表达模式分析表明,Tab HLH123-6A在小麦不同生育时期的各个组织中均有表达,在根和根基中表达量较高。启动子序列分析显示Tab HLH123-6A启动子区含有多种顺式作用元件,包括生长素、脱落酸和茉莉酸甲酯等激素应答元件。q RT-PCR检测结果表明在生长素、脱落酸和茉莉酸甲酯的处理下Tab HLH123-6A表达均上调,但是在PEG模拟的干旱处理下其表达受到抑制。利用小麦多态性群体材料检测到Tab HLH123-6A基因25 bp处有1个核苷酸变异位点(C/T),表示为Tab HLH123,根据该位点开发了功能标记d CAPS-Kpn I。关联分析发现Tab HLH123与小麦深根比显著相关,且等位变异类型为Tab HLH123的小麦深根比高于Tab HLH12325-T,Tab HLH123在小麦育种历史中受到了正向选择。本研究结果为小麦根系构型改良提供了理论依据和基因资源。     

磷胁迫对烤烟高亲和磷转运蛋白基因表达及磷素吸收利用的影响

为探明缺磷胁迫对烤烟磷吸收的影响机理,以烤烟品种‘豫烟10号’为材料,采用盆栽试验设置不施磷(-P)和正常供磷(+P)2个处理,分析了烟草生育后期根系和叶片中高亲和磷转运蛋白基因NtPht1;1、NtPht1;2(简称PT1、PT2)的表达差异性及其表达量与烟草磷含量、磷积累量的关系。结果表明:(1)随生育期的推进,烤烟根系和叶片的PT1基因相对表达量、PT2基因相对表达量、干物质重和磷素积累量逐渐增加,烟叶的磷含量逐渐降低,根系磷含量无明显的变化规律。(2)磷胁迫促使PT1、PT2基因的表达量上调,其中叶片PT1基因的相对表达量高于根系,叶片PT2基因的相对表达量显著低于根系。(3)磷胁迫限制了烤烟对干物质和磷素的积累,在移栽后90d,-P处理烤烟根系和叶片的干物质重、磷素积累量不到+P处理的一半,处理间差异极显著。研究认为,在缺磷环境下,烟草高亲和磷转运蛋白基因PT1和PT2表达量的增加,是由磷胁迫下烟草体内磷积累量降低所引起的系统性调控。     

小麦PPO活性基因等位变异的区域分布研究

为了解中国不同生态区小麦种质资源籽粒多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性基因的等位变异的差异与分布,利用小麦PPO活性基因的功能标记PPO16、PPO29与PPO18,检测了来自中国7个不同生态麦区的379份小麦种质资源的等位变异和分布差异。结果表明:(1)在2AL染色体该基因位点有2种等位变异类型:Ppo-A1a(高PPO)和Ppo-A1b(低PPO),其频率分别为51.5%和48.5%。(2)在2DL染色体该基因位点有3种等位变异类型:Ppo-D1a(低PPO)、Ppo-D1b(高PPO)和Ppo-D1ab(中间型),其频率分别为57.8%、32.5%和9.8%。(3)该基因在2AL和2DL染色体上的位点变异有6种不同类型的组合:Ppo-A1a/D1a(中间型)、Ppo-A1a/D1b(高PPO)、Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1ab(中间型)、Ppo-A1b/D1a(低PPO)、Ppo-A1b/D1b(中间型)和Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1ab(中间型),其中,与低PPO活性相关的基因型组合Ppo-A1b/D1a的频率为25.6%。(4)小麦PPO活性基因不同变异类型在各生态区的分布存在明显差异,基因型Ppo-A1b在北部冬麦区和西南冬麦区的比例较大,基因型Ppo-D1a在黄淮冬麦区和北部冬麦区的比例较大,基因型组合Ppo-A1b/D1a在北部冬麦区的比例较大。研究认为,结合采用分子标记辅助选择(MAS),有利于小麦籽粒外观品质的遗传改良和新品种选育。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.