普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop区序列多态性研究

目的:了解中国新疆吉木萨尔野马繁殖中心的普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)遗传多样性及其遗传背景.方法:采用PCR产物直接测序法,对15匹普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop高变区进行测序分析.结果:测定15个个体的线粒体DNA D-loop高变区15464～15866片段序列402bp.检测到12种单倍型,包括37个多态位点,占全部序列的9.2%,其中转换位点24个、颠换位点20个、转换位点和颠换并存位点8个、缺失位点3个.A%+T%含量(56.1%)高于G%+C%含量(43.9%),平均A含量为28.4%,T含量为27.7%,C含量为29%,G含为14.9%.单倍型间平均遗传距离为0.030,单倍型多态性(h)为1±0.00116,核苷酸多态性(π)为2.90%.15匹普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop高变区之间平均核苷酸变异率为2.48%.结论:研究表明我国新疆吉木萨尔野马繁殖中心的普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop区序列存在丰富的多态性.     

舟山小黄鱼线粒体DNA D-loop区序列变异的遗传多样性分析

小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)为我国重要海产经济鱼类之一,过度捕捞和环境污染等因素造成其资源日益衰退。研究小黄鱼种群遗传结构对其资源的保护及其可持续利用有十分重要的意义。该研究采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对浙江舟山附近海域小黄鱼种群53个个体的mtDNA D-loop区全序列进行扩增,序列长度在795~801bp之间,长度差异不大。采用ClustalX1.83、MEGA3.1、DnaSP4.0等生物信息学软件进行遗传多样性分析,结果显示:53条小黄鱼线粒体DNA D-loop区的T、C、A和G碱基平均含量分别为30.3%、23.1%、32.3%和14.3%,排除13处核苷酸的插入或缺失后,共检测到93处转换和颠换位点,约占分析序列总长度的11.6%,其中包括53个单一多态位点和40个简约信息位点,共确定了52种单倍型,单倍型多样性(hd)为0.9993,单倍型间的平均遗传距离为0.012,转换/颠换平均值为4.305,平均核苷酸差异数(k)为9.73875,核苷酸多样性(π)为0.01233,表明舟山小黄鱼遗传多样性处于中等水平。     

野牦牛（Bos grunniens mutus）mtDNA D\|Loop区的遗传多样性

为从分子水平上评价野牦牛(Bos grunniens mutus)的遗传多样性,对6头野牦公牛线粒体DNA D-loop 区全序列进行了克隆和测定(GenBank登录号为:FJ548840～FJ548845),结合GenBank中已刊登的2条野牦牛的相应序列,使用BioEdit 7 0 9、DnaSP 4.10.1、Arlequin 3.11等生物信息学软件,对全部8条序列开展了比对分析,确定了多态位点与单倍型数目,计算了核苷酸多样度和单倍型多样度.结果表明8条野牦牛线粒体DNA D-loop 区全序列长度在891～894 bp之间,其中A、T、G和C 4种核苷酸的平均含量分别为32.68%、28.65%、13.46%和25.21%,A+T的平均含量为61.33%.排除4处核苷酸的插入或缺失后,共检测到39处转换和颠换位点,占分析序列总长度的4.38%,其中包括4处单一多态位点和35处简约信息位点.依据序列间核苷酸变异共确定了7种单倍型,单倍型多样度(h)为0.9643,核苷酸多样度(π)为0.02144,提示野牦牛群体具有丰富的遗传多样性.     

云南4个地区高山姬鼠线粒体控制区种群遗传分化研究

对云南4个种群38个个体的线粒体控制区（D-loop）905 bp的核苷酸序列遗传变异进行分析,探讨了高山姬鼠种群遗传结构和分化。在905 bp D-loop基因的碱基序列中,共发现了57个变异位点（全变异的6.30%）,共定义了23个单倍型,其中有一个单倍型（Hap1）为横断山3个种群（中甸、丽江和剑川）所共享,其余22个单倍型均为各个种群所特有。分子变异分析（AMOVA）表明,种群间的遗传变异占33.7%,种群内的遗传变异占66.3%。FST统计结果表明,除昆明种群和横断山种群之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,其它地理种群间的差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,说明昆明种群与横断山种群之间出现了明显的遗传分化。     

尾斑瘰螈种群的D-loop区遗传多样性分析

以线粒体DNA D-loop序列为分子标记,研究了采自雷公山和武陵山的尾斑瘰螈(Paramesotriton caudopunclatus)5个种群的遗传多样性.获得42个个体mtDNA D-loop区序列,长度为690 bp,其中有30个变异位点,由此定义了13个单倍型.5个种群中未出现共享单倍型的现象.尾斑瘰螈种群...     

美丽硬仆骨舌鱼mtDNA D-loop区遗传变异特征

采用直接测序法分析美丽硬仆骨舌鱼(Scleropages formosus)3个种群(金龙鱼、红龙鱼和青龙鱼)共24个个体的线粒体D-loop区的遗传变异特征。经序列比对、分析,金龙鱼、红龙鱼和青龙鱼的D-loop序列不仅在个体间存在位点序列的变异(17个简约性信息位点),而且还存在序列长度的多态性(长度为915-924 bp),这种长度的差异在于存在不同碱基长度的微卫星序列。3种龙鱼碱基组成基本一致,G含量偏低。定义了10种单倍型,但金龙鱼、红龙鱼和青龙鱼间没有共享单倍型,单倍型多样度较高(0.667-1.00),核苷酸多样度较低(0.001 09-0.003 23)。AMOVA分析显示,变异主要来自地理区内不同群体间,个体间遗传距离为0-0.008 7,显示遗传变异仍处于种内水平。NJ、MP和Bayesian构建的分子系统树拓扑结构基本一致,但不能有效地反映金龙鱼、红龙鱼和青龙鱼间的亲缘关系。     

圈养及野生藏酋猴子代遗传多样性差异分析

为评价圈养及野生藏酋猴Macaca thibetana子代遗传多样性的差异,本研究利用藏酋猴线粒体控制区(mt DNA D-loop)全长序列,对四川省金阳地区野生亲本及子一代、马边地区野生亲本及圈养繁殖子一代共102只个体开展了遗传结构变异分析。结果显示,藏酋猴mt DNA D-loop的序列长度为1 091 bp,包括115个变异位点,66个单倍型,其中,马边种群亲本与子一代共享2个单倍型,金阳种群亲本与子一代共享1个单倍型。马边种群2个世代个体的核苷酸多态性分别为0.004 77和0.004 09;而金阳种群2个世代个体的核苷酸多态性分别为0.002 30和0.002 78,子一代与亲本的遗传多样性差异无统计学意义,均处于较低水平。马边和金阳地区子一代与亲本之间的遗传距离分别为0.024 09和0.002 55,表明圈养和野生条件下的子一代与亲本间均未出现明显的遗传分化。根据D-loop全长序列所构建的邻接(NJ)树显示,金阳或马边地区的不同世代个体在NJ树上互相交叉,未形成独有的进化支,说明无论自然条件下的随机交配还是圈养繁育的人为选择压力均没有对藏酋猴种群的遗传结构造成大的影响。本研究首次利用mt DNA D-loop全长序列分析藏酋猴野外与圈养繁殖的亲本与子一代间的遗传差异,为藏酋猴实验动物遗传控制标准化提供数据支持。     

基于mtDNA D-loop部分序列的软刺裸裂尻鱼遗传多样性分析

软刺裸裂尻鱼Schizopygopsis malacanthus是青藏高原特有鱼类。本研究测定了青海省玉树藏族自治州3个软刺裸裂尻鱼野生群体（隆宝滩国家级自然保护区、巴塘河上游、巴塘河下游）共72尾的mtDNA D-loop的部分序列（610 bp）,分析了其遗传多样性和种群遗传结构,旨在为玉树软刺裸裂尻鱼野生资源保护和合理开发提供理论依据。共发现29个多态位点,定义了16个单倍型。3个种群的单倍型多样性为0.438±0.121～0.676±0.076,核苷酸多样性为0.003 4±0.000 5～0.008 6±0.001 3。群体遗传分化指数统计检验表明,两两群体之间的差异均极显著。基因流分析结果表明,巴塘河上、下游种群之间的基因流水平较高,个体交流频繁。AMOVA分析结果显示,79.49%的遗传变异来自于种群间,20.51%的遗传变异来自于种群内,群体间遗传分化极显著。系统发育树和单倍型进化网络结果显示,3个种群的单倍型按照隆宝滩国家级自然保护区和巴塘河水系形成2大类群。中性检验结果表明,软刺裸裂尻鱼近期未出现显著的种群扩张事件。建议将分布在隆宝滩国家级自然保护区和巴塘河水系的软...     

高原鼢鼠线粒体谱系地理学和遗传多样性

高原鼢鼠是一类地下独居啮齿动物,为青藏高原特有种之一。为研究该物种的谱系地理学和遗传多样性,本文测定了采自青藏高原东部3个地理种群8个小种群共37个个体的线粒体D-loop区序列变异。在长度为627bp的序列中,共发现50个变异位点,定义了26种单倍型。该物种的单倍型多样性（Haplotype diversity,H）较高和核苷酸多样性（Nucleotide diversity,πn）较低。谱系分析得到3个稳定的分支,分别与采集的地理种群相吻合：同一地理种群内单倍型之间遗传差异小,而不同地理来源的单倍型之间存在较大区别。距离隔离分析表明高原鼢鼠的遗传分化与地理距离呈正相关。AMOVA分析同样表明地理种群之间存在显著差异：地理种群间变异占遗传变异的80.45%。高原鼢鼠的这种遗传结构特点可能主要是由于第四纪气候变迁、该物种稳定的地下生活环境和有限的迁移能力造成的。     

东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡遗传多样性及系统发育地位

东帕米尔高原作为生物多样性丰富的区域之一,喜马拉雅雪鸡和藏雪鸡在此混群分布。以东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡为研究对象,采用PCR和测序技术,研究了mt DNA D-loop区序列特征,下载Gen Bank已提交的雪鸡序列,利用最大似然法构建系统发育树和中介网络关系,以阐明东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡遗传多样性水平和系统进化地位。结果表明:东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡mt DNA D-loop序列富含A、T碱基,含量为59.8%,存在64个多态位点,占核苷酸总数的5.5%,其中单一多态位点29个,简约信息位点33个,两处插入或缺失,转换发生的频率远远高于颠换;25个个体存在23种单倍型,平均单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.92±0.0001,平均核苷酸多样度(π)为0.00958,平均核苷酸差异度(K)为11.067,说明东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡核苷酸多样性较低,单倍型多样性高,具有较为丰富的遗传多样性;系统发育分析显示喜马拉雅雪鸡与藏雪鸡分为明显的两大簇群,本研究涉及的东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡出现遗传分化,呈现明显的2个进化支;中介网络关系分析显示雪鸡具有明显的地理分布特征,本研究雪鸡84%的单倍型聚在以东帕米尔高原为中心的进化支上。因此,建议扩大塔什库尔干野生动物自然保护区(位于东帕米尔高原境内)范围,建立国家级自然保护区,恢复生态环境,以提高雪鸡栖息地的生存适宜性。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).