山药糖蛋白的提取及纯化研究

采用正交试验得出了提取山药糖蛋白的优化试验条件,即提取温度40℃、提取时问2 h、料液比1:50.山药经水浸提分离、浸提液脱蛋白、透析、乙醇沉淀物经DEAE-52及Sephadex G-75柱层析得到两种糖蛋白组分GLP-Ⅰ和GLP-Ⅱ,经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,相对分子量分别是13000和38000.     

木霉纤维素酶的诱导形成及其调节——Ⅵ.拟康氏木霉(Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rafai)N_2-78被槐糖诱导形成的纤维素酶组分的分离、纯化及性质

拟康氏木霉洗涤菌丝体被槐糖诱导形成的纤维素酶,经DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳等方法,初步分离得到C_1酶、C_x酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶三个组分,其分子量经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定,分别为67,000、62,000和42,000。C_1酶用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳、免疫电泳和超离心鉴定,已证明是匀一的组分,为糖蛋白,富含甘氨酸、天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸和谷氨酸。纤维素酶的三个组分对天然纤维素、微晶纤维素和或磷酸膨胀纤维素的作用存在协同效应。研究了纤维素酶组分的热稳定性及pH稳定性。     

辽宁产东亚钳蝎(Buthus martensii Karshi)毒两种毒素的纯化及其部分性质的研究

用CM-Sephadex C-50分离辽宁产东亚钳蝎毒得到十二个蛋白组份,对其中的第八组份进行了CM-Sephadex C-50重层析和Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤,最后得到两种纯化的毒素。应用低pH系统不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳、SDS-不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶板状电泳及等电聚焦聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳鉴定均为单一条带。二者的分子量和等电点分别为8,980,8,660和7.58,7.90。还测定了粗毒对小白鼠的LD50(腹腔注射)、有关酶活力和毒素I的氨基酸组成。 试验结果还表明,用13％胶浓度的SDS-不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶板状电泳测定小于10,000道尔顿的蛋白质的分子量,可以获得较为满意的结果。     

黑曲霉纤维素酶系中内切β-葡聚糖酶的分离纯化

使用硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤色谱及DEAE-Sephadex A-25(A-50)离子交换色谱等分离技术,从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)培养液中分离到7种内切β-葡聚糖酶组分,分别称为Ⅰ-2a、Ⅰ-2b、Ⅰ-2c、Ⅰ-2d,Ⅱa、Ⅱb和Ⅲa。经凝胶电泳鉴定均为单一带。     

竹叶青(Trimeresurus stejnegeri)蛇毒凝血酶样酶的分离纯化及其理化性质的研究

用CM—Sephadex C—25分离竹叶青粗毒,再经DEAE—Sephadex A—50和CM—Sephadex C—25纯化得到凝血酶样酶组分Ⅰ。用DEAE—Sephadex A—50分离竹叶青粗毒,再经DEAE—Sepharose CL—6B纯化得到凝血酶样酶组分Ⅱ。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和SDS—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定,组分Ⅰ在两种电泳中均为一条带; 组分Ⅱ在两朴电泳中均为二条带,经切割后鉴定证明组分Ⅱ的二条带都是凝血酶样酶。组分Ⅰ的分子量为54,500,由261个氨基酸残基组成,其中Asp和Glu含量较高,含14％中性己糖,13.1％己糖胺和14.7％唾液酸,等电点为3.5,在280nm处的消光系数为E_(1cm)~(0.1％)=0.855。组分Ⅱ的分子量分别为54,000和47,000。经凝胶电泳分离后用过碘酸—Schiff's试剂染色,证明组分Ⅰ和组分Ⅱ都是糖蛋白。     

裂褶菌胞内多糖的分离纯化鉴定及其性质

裂褶菌菌丝体用热水提取,乙醇沉淀,Sevag法脱蛋白,逆向流水透析,得胞内多糖粗品,经Sephadex A-50、Sephadex G-200柱层析纯化,得胞内多糖纯品,称SPG。纯度经纸层析、Sephadex G-200柱层析、高效液相色谱分析、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定,结果表明SPG为单一均匀组分。 SPG水解物经纸层析、薄层层析分析证实它是由葡萄糖组成的一种葡聚糖结构,SPG的部分水解、酶解、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱分析表明具有β(1→3),β(1→6)糖苷键。凝胶过滤法测定SPG的分子量约为10万。     

黑曲霉纤维素酶系中β-葡聚糖纤维二糖水解酶的提纯和性质

通过硫酸铵分段,Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤及DEAE-SephadexA-25(A-50)离子交换柱层析等提纯步骤,从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)培养液中分离到β-葡聚糖纤维二糖水解酶的两个组分(Ⅰ-3a,Ⅰ-3b),经凝胶电泳鉴定均为单一带,Ⅰ-3a和Ⅰ-3b的最适pH分别为4.0及4.5,最适温度50℃及45℃,在pH2.0—8.0之间稳定,保温1h时的半失活温度t 1/2分别为52℃及48℃。SDS-凝胶电泳法测得Ⅰ-3a和Ⅰ-3b的分子量分别为57000及55000;聚丙稀酰胺凝胶等电聚焦法测得二者的等电点分别为3.2和3.0。在所测定的化学试剂中,Ag~+、Hg~(2+)和Cu~(2+)对该酶均有较强的抑制作用。     

人血清高密度脂蛋白主要载脂蛋白的分离纯化及其多态现象

本文报道人血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的主要载脂蛋白(apoHDL)的分离纯化和其多态型(Polymorphism,Isoform)的初步研究。首先用硫酸右旋糖酐沉淀,结合角度头密度梯度超速离心的方法,从人血清中提取高密度脂蛋白。分离纯化的高密度脂蛋白在0.5％琼脂糖和3.75％聚丙烯酰胺电泳中显示一条带,经0.1％SDS-10％聚丙烯酰胺电泳鉴定未发现有血清白蛋白的污染。纯的HDL在低温下用醇醚混合液脱脂获得载脂蛋白(apoHDL)。经过Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤柱,apoHDL被分为五个蛋白峰。0.1％SDS-10％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的鉴定表明峰Ⅰ、峰Ⅱ为载脂蛋白聚集体,主要含apoA-Ⅰ和apoE;峰Ⅲ为纯的apoA-Ⅰ;峰Ⅳ含有apoA-Ⅱ、apoC和apoA-Ⅰ;峰V主要为apoC。令人感兴趣的是,经聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳鉴定apoA-Ⅰ有八种多态型。这些结果对于深入研究载脂蛋白的结构、功能和代谢,对于研究高密度脂蛋白的亚类及其抗动脉粥样硬化的机理都是有益的。     

从米糠中提取降血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂

采用盐析法提取米糠蛋白,分别选用胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶等单独或联合水解米糠蛋白,以从酶解米糠蛋白中分离获得具有血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制活性的短肽组分。经Sephadex G-15凝胶层析和SP—Sephadex C-25离子交换层析分离各酶解组分,并检测各组分的ACE抑制活性。结果表明,米糠蛋白的酶解分离产物中含有较强ACE抑制活性的组分,其中经胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶共同水解时得到的小分子量寡肽组分的抑制活性最强,为后续对其进行结构分析奠定了基础。     

大肠杆菌半乳糖结合凝集素的提取纯化

采用琼脂糖凝胶CL-6B（Sepharose CL-6B）亲和层析以及Sephadex G-75凝胶分子筛等对大肠杆菌（Esche-richia coli,E.coli）半乳糖凝集素进行了纯化。结果显示,目标蛋白经简单的步骤即可以得到纯化,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）及凝血实验证明纯化蛋白为E.coli半乳糖凝集素,蛋白提取回收率为11.4%。研究首次从E.coli蛋白提取液中分离得到纯的半乳糖凝集素,且此方法简单快捷,优越性明显。应用此方法将有利于微生物半乳糖凝集素的深入研究。     

棘孢曲霉SM-L22 β-葡萄糖苷酶的纯化与性质*

通过分子筛层析和离子交换层析等手段,分离纯化了棘孢曲霉SM-L22纤维素酶系中的β-葡萄糖苷酶组分。通过SDS-PAGE和IEF电泳测得其分子量为57.9 kDa,等电点为pH 4.5。该酶组分的最适温度60℃,最适pH 5.5,在40℃以下以及pH 3.0~10.0范围内稳定。Fe2+和Mn2+ 对酶有激活作用,而 EDTA对酶有较明显的抑制作用。底物专一性实验表明,该酶可作用于纤维二糖、水杨素和乳糖。作用于纤维二糖和水杨素的Km值分别为17.13 10-3 mol/L 和11.93 10-3 mol/L,Vmax分别为3.456 10-4 mol/L/min和7.139 10-4 mol/L/min,Kcat分别为3.75 S-1和7.73 S-1。     

Purification and properties of protoporphyrinogen oxidase from an anaerobic bacterium, Desulfovibrio gigas.

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase has been solubilized from plasma membranes of Desulfovibrio gigas. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity with single silver-stained protein bands on isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. This protoporphyrinogen oxidase has a molecular weight (Mr) of 148,000 and is composed of three dissimilar subunits of Mrs 12,000, 18,500, and 57,000, which are held together by sulfhydryl bonds. Unlike other protoporphyrinogen oxidases, which use molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor, this enzyme does not couple to oxygen. The protoporphyrinogen oxidase donates electrons to 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol but not to NAD+, NADP+, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or flavin mononucleotide. The natural physiological electron acceptor of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase from D. gigas is unknown. By using 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as the electron acceptor, the Km and Vmax values for oxidation of protoporphyrinogen were determined to be 21 microM and 8.38 nmol/min per 70 micrograms of protein, respectively. The catalytic rate constant, Kcat, was calculated to be 17.7 mol of protoporphyrin formed per mole of enzyme per min of incubation, and the Kcat/Km was 0.84. Energies of activation were calculated from Arrhenius plots with 7,429 cal (ca. 31,080 J)/mol per degree below 10 degrees C and 1,455 cal (ca. 6,088, J)/mol per degree above 10 degrees C. Optimum enzyme activity was at 23 degrees C, and inhibition was observed with both N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide.     

天冬酰胺酶及PEG_2-天冬酰胺酶对L-天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺亲和性的研究

本文报导了天冬酰胺酶及PEG_2-天冬酰胺酶对废物L-天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺亲和性的研究,结果表明:PEG_2-天冬酰胺酶对谷氨酰胺的亲和性明显强于天冬酰胺酶(Km值分别为7.35×10~(-3)mol/L和7.14×10~(-2)mol/L),对天冬酰胺的亲和性略强于天冬酰胺酶(Km值分别为2.9×10~(-5)mol/L和4.0×10~(-5)mol/L)。天冬酰胺酶和PEG_2-天冬酰胺酶的CD光谱表明:天冬酰胺和谷氨酰胺对天冬酰胺酶和PEG_2-天冬酰胺酶的构象影响较大,但天冬酰胺酶和PEG_2-天冬酰胺酶的构象变化趋势有明显的不同。     

Purification and characterization of aminopeptidase N from human plasma

Human plasma aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2) was homogeneously purified from outdated bank plasma. Purification procedures included ammonium sulfate fractionation, immunoaffinity chromatography, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, hydroxyapatite column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The final recovery of the enzyme was 18% and its specific activity was 71.6 mumol/min/mg protein. SDS-polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation showed the homogeneity of the enzyme. Equilibrium ultracentrifugation showed a molecular weight of 210,800. SDS-polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis indicated that the enzyme was a dimer consisting of two identical subunits. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 3.9 at 4 degrees C. The amino acid composition of the enzyme was very similar to those of aminopeptidase N from human kidney, small intestine, and placenta which we have reported previously. Neutral sugar accounted for 11.6%. The Km, Vmax and Kcat values and hydrolytic coefficient (Kcat/Km) of the enzyme with L-alanyl-beta-naphthylamide as substrate were 8.7 X 10(-5) mol/l, 85.9 mumol/min/mg protein, 303/s and 3,483/mmol/l/s, respectively. The enzyme was activated by cobalt ions and markedly inhibited by amastatin. Plasma aminopeptidase N was immunologically indistinguishable from kidney aminopeptidase N.     

蚯蚓体内一种纤溶酶原激活剂(e-PA)对BAEE的降解

以苯甲酰－Ｌ－精氨酸乙酯（ｂｅｎｚｏｙｌ－Ｌ－ａｒｇｉｎｉｎｅｅｔｈｙｌｅｓｔｅｒ,ＢＡＥＥ）为底物,研究了蚯蚓体内纤溶酶原激活剂（ｐｌａｓｍｉｎｏｇｅｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｏｒｆｒｏｍＥｉｓｅｎｉａｆｅｔｉｄａ,ｅ－ＰＡ）的酶学性质．酶促反应的最适ｐＨ为８．４,ｅ－ＰＡ降解ＢＡＥＥ的Ｋｍ为１．２４±０．１６×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｋｃａｔ为１３．８０±４．０２ｓ－１．测定了构成ｅ－ＰＡ的大,小亚基分别降解ＢＡＥＥ的Ｋｍ和Ｋｃａｔ．结果表明,大亚基的Ｋｍ与全酶的Ｋｍ相差不多,但比小亚基小约１０倍,即对底物的亲和力比小亚基强约一个数量级．大小亚基的Ｋｃａｔ比较接近,分别是全酶的１／６和１／３．研究了８种抑制剂对ｅ－ＰＡ降解ＢＡＥＥ活性的影响,其中ｐｅｐｓｔａｔｉｎ和Ｅ－６４（一种巯基抑制剂）对酶促反应有激活作用,ＴＰＣＫ,ＴＬ－ＣＫ,ＰＭＳＦ,ｃｈｙｍｏｓｔａｔｉｎ和ｌｅｕｐｅｐｔｉｎ对其有不同程度的抑制作用,ＥＤＴＡ对ｅ－ＰＡ的活性没有影响．对ｅ－ＰＡ的ＢＡＥＥ活性和ｅ－ＰＡ的纤溶活性之间作了比较．     

非水相中脂肪酶催化甘油三酯转酯反应动力学

本文研究了脂肪酶在己烷中催化甘油三丁酸酯与硬脂酸之间的转酯反应动力学。转酯反应分为二个连续的反应步骤:由酯生成的酰基酶复合物的水解和由酸生成的酰基酶复合物的醇解,整个反应符合乒乓反应机制,动力学参数为:K_m(酯)=3.2×10~(-2)mol/L,K_m(酸)=6.9×10~(-2)mol/L,V_m=1.7×10~(-4)mol/L·min。     

3β,20α-羟基甾体脱氢酶的动力学性质

3β,20α-羟基甾体脱氢酶(3β,20α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,3β,20α-HSD)是从胎羊血中分离得到的。分子量为35kD。该酶以NADPH为辅酶,有两种底物。以孕酮为底物时,Km=30.8μmol/L,Vmax=0.7nmol min~(-1)(nmol enzyme)~(-1);以5α-二氢睾酮(5α-Dihydrotestosterone,5α-DHT)为底物时,Km=74μmol/L,Vmax=1.3nmol min~(-1)(nmol enzyme)~(-1)。5α-DHT竞争性抑制20α-还原活性,Ki=102μmol/L。16α-溴代乙酰氧基(16α-Bromo acetoxyprogesterone,16α-BAP)是3β,20α-HSD不可逆竞争性抑制剂,t_(1/2)=75min。对3β和20α还原活性的抑制常数Ki分别为23μmol/L和58μmol/L。     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coltricia</Emphasis> (Hymenochaetaceae,Basidiomycota) from southern China based on evidence from morphology and DNA sequence data

Two new species of Coltricia, C. austrosinensis and C. minima, are described from southern China on the basis of morphological characters and molecular evidence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal RNA gene regions indicated that the two new species were nested within the Coltricia clade in Hymenochaetales. Coltricia austrosinensis is characterized by centrally stipitate basidiocarps, lobed pileal margin, distinctly swollen stipe tip, cinnamon pore surface, large pores (1–3 per mm), and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 8–10?×?5.5–6.5 μm, with a distribution to date in subtropical China. Coltricia minima is characterized by tiny, centrally stipitate basidiocarps, entire pileal margin, uniform stipe, pileus bearing distinct concentric zones and pore surface dark greyish blue when fresh, small pores (3–4 per mm), narrow tramal hyphae (3.5–4 μm), and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 6–7?×?4–5 μm, and occur in mixed tropical forests.     

混配杀虫剂对美洲大蠊初孵若虫乙酰胆碱酯酶的活体in vivo抑制

研究了美洲大蠊初孵若虫乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的最佳反应条件：蛋白含量40—50μg,pH7．4,底物浓度0．5mmol／L,反应温度37℃,保温时间15分钟。动力学参数Km和Vmax分别为5．64×10-4mol／L和55．5nmol／（min·mgprotein）。分析了顺式、反式氯氰菊酯与辛硫磷、马拉硫磷或毒死蜱以1：10比例混配对AChE的活体抑制。结果表明混配均能增强对AChE的抑制,其中顺式优于反式,与生测结果一致。认为拟除虫菊酯和有机磷混配增效的重要原因之一是提高了对靶标酶——AChE的抑制。     

单宁酶的固定化及其在酯型儿茶素水解反应中的应用

采用自制的壳聚糖为载体对单宁酶（ＴＡ）固定化,ＴＡ与壳聚糖配比１：２．５,３０℃固定２ｈ,活力回收达２３．６％～３３．１％;偶联效率为８４．９％～８８．０％。固定化单宁酶（ＩＴＡ）的表观Ｋｍ值（以没食子酸丙酯为底物）为２２．２×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ＴＡ的Ｋｍ值（以没食子酸丙酯为底物）为１０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ＴＡ和ＩＴＡ的最适反应温度分别为４０℃和５０℃;６０℃处理１５ｍｉｎ,残存活性分别为１３．６％和６０．３％。ＴＡ和ＩＴＡ的最适ｐＨ值分别为５．８和６．４;ＴＡ在ｐＨ４．８～７．８活力稳定,而ＩＴＡ活力稳定范围在ｐＨ４．８～６．８．ＩＴＡ作用于ＥＧＣＧ的半衰期为７８．７ｈ,ＥＧＣＧ水解率达９０．３％。对茶多酚提取物进行水解,其所含的酯型儿茶素ＥＧＣＧ和ＥＣＧ水解率分别为９６．４％和９６．８％,非酯型儿茶素ＥＧＣ和ＥＣ的含量显著增加。