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对格登发现动物细胞全能性的过程进行介绍。20世纪60年代非洲爪蟾细胞全能性的发现和克隆成功为哺乳动物(如绵羊多利等)的克隆奠定了坚实的基础。英国发育生物学家格登爵士最早实现了这些实验,从而推动了动物细胞重编程领域的研究,此外他还研究了基因表达的分子生物学机制和重编程的分子机制。他是20世纪一位伟大的科学大师。 相似文献
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动物细胞培养过程中的细胞凋亡 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
细胞培养过程中的细胞凋 细胞受环境因素的影响而发生的现象。随着对细胞凋亡的分子生物学和细胞生物学了解的深入,显示了有效地控制动物细胞增减保细胞凋亡的巨大潜力。 相似文献
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动物细胞的形态变化与基因表达 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一、前言 动物细胞的一个基本特征就是它们与邻近细胞及与细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,BCM)之间的有规律的相互作用。正是通过细胞-细胞类型或细胞-细胞外基质类型的细胞接触受体与细胞内细胞骨架成分之间的跨膜联系,决定着动物细胞的形态。确定与细胞内外的蛋白质之间一系列结构上相互作用的组分,这方面的工作是一个很活跃的研究领域。在细胞接触 相似文献
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大量的实验研究表明细胞凋亡普遍存在于植物中,对于植物的正常生长发育及病理过程具有十分重要的生物学意义。植物细胞与动物细胞凋亡有许多相似的特征;在凋亡过程中有核酸内切酶的激活以及类caspase的参与;尽管植物细胞与动物细胞凋亡具有相似特征和机制,但其独特的分子调控机理目前尚不清楚 。 相似文献
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植物细胞凋亡的ELISA检测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文利用TUNEL方法在单个细胞水平上对苯胺灵诱导的玉米根尖细胞死亡进行了检测。结果表明,一定浓度的苯胺灵能诱导玉米根尖细胞发生主动性的细胞凋亡,具有细胞凋亡典型的形态和生化特征即细胞核浓缩并形成核碎片、染色质边缘化及DNA特异片段化等(Fig.1)。首次利用ELISA方法在群体水平上对这种细胞凋亡进行了进一步检测。结果表明:动物细胞研究常用的ELISA方法同样也适合用于植物细胞凋亡的检测。在凋亡前期,随着凋亡过程的进行,细胞质中的OD值逐渐上升(Fig.2)。剂量实验表明,0.2mg/mL苯胺灵最适合于诱导细胞凋亡(Fig.3)。 相似文献
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Stem cell pluripotency and transcription factor Oct4 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
GUANG JIN PAN ZENG YI CHANG HANS R. SCHOLER DUANQING PEI Departments of Pharmacology Biological Sciences & Biotechnology Schools of Sciences Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China Center for Animal Transgenesis Germ Cell Research School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Biology University of Pennsylvania New Bolton Center West Street Road Kennett Square PA USA Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA 《Cell research》2002,(Z2)
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Pascal Lambé Hity Schié Nkung Mutambel Jean-Gabriel Fouché Roger Deltour Jean-Michel Foidart Thomas Gaspar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1997,33(3):155-162
Summary Progressive loss of organogenic totipotency appears to be a common event in long-term plant tissue culture. This loss of totipotency,
which has been proposed to be a typical trait of plant neoplastic progression, is compared to some mechanisms that occur during
the establishment of animal differentiation-resistant cancer lines in vitro. Evidence is presented that alteration in DNA methylation patterns and expression of genes occur during long-term callus
culture. An effect of the auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, in the progressive methylation, is moreover suggested. Methylation
of genes relevant to cell differentiation and progressive elimination of cells capable of differentiation is proposed as being
responsible for this progressive loss of organogenic potential. Finally, the epigenetic alteration (DNA methylation) that
occurs during prolonged periods of culture may induce other irreversible genetic alterations that ultimately make the loss
of totipotency irreversible. 相似文献
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硬骨鱼类细胞核移植的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
自1997年世界首例体细胞核移植绵羊“多莉”诞生以来,动物细胞核移植引起世界范围内人们的关注。硬骨鱼类具有很多优点,是研究核移植良好的材料。作者综述了硬骨鱼类细胞核移植技术的发展和完善以及在核质互作、细胞核发育全能性、鱼类育种及纯系建立等方面的应用,并对鱼类核移植存在的问题和前景进行了概括。 相似文献
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The main approaches have been considered to studying the genetic control of plant cell totipotency in an in vitro culture. The capacity of cultured plants for callusogenesis, organ formation, and somatic embryogenesis depends on the activity of genes that determine and maintain the meristematic state of cells, level of hormones in the cells, and sensitivity to hormones, as well as on the activity other genes that control different stages of plant morphogenesis. 相似文献
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Stem cell pluripotency and transcription factor Oct4 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
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生殖细胞的发生是发育和遗传的基础。在几乎所有哺乳动物中,原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cell,PGC)均由近端上胚层体细胞在周边细胞特定的信号诱导下特化而成。目前的研究已经发现一些与生殖细胞特化有关的信号分子和关键转录调控元件,以及特化后生殖细胞获得的与体细胞不同的生物特性。生殖细胞的特化是一个结合了体细胞发育程序的抑制、细胞多能性程序的启动和全基因组表观遗传重编程三个方面的动态的复杂过程。多能性干细胞(胚胎干细胞或诱导型多能干细胞)具有发育全能性,能分化为机体任何一种细胞类型,包括生殖细胞。利用多能性干细胞体外分化形成生殖细胞有助于深入系统地研究配子发生的调控机制,为干细胞在不育症治疗方面的应用带来新希望。 相似文献
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Francesco D'amato 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(6):329-341
Abstract Regeneration and totipotency.—Regeneration and totipotency of cells and nuclei in plants and animals are discussed. The paper consists of the following sections: regeneration in coelenterates and planarians; limb regeneration in amphibians; regeneration of mammalian liver; Wolffian lens regeneration in urodeles; nuclear transplantation in animal eggs; regeneration of plants from single cells (in vivo; in vitro; from somatic cell hybrids); general remarks. 相似文献
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Thomas Gaspar Claire Kevers Badia Bisbis Thierry Franck Michèle Crevecoeur Hubert Greppin Jacques Dommes 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(3):171-181
Summary The aptitude for organogenesis from normal hormone-dependent cultures very commonly decreases as the tissues are serially
subcultured. The reasons for the loss of regenerative ability may vary under different circumstances: genetic variation in
the cell population, epigenetic changes, disappearance of an organogenesis-promoting substance, etc. The same reasons may
be evoked for the progressive and eventually irreversible loss of organogenic totipotency in the course of neoplastic progressions
from hormone-independent tumors and hyperhydric teratomas to cancers. As in animal cells, plant cells at the end of a neoplastic
progression have probably undergone several independent genetic accidents with cumulative effects. They indeed are characterized
by atypical biochemical cycles from which they are apparently unable to escape. The metabolic changes are probably not the
primary defects that cause cancer, rather they may allow the cells to survive. How these changes, namely an oxidative stress,
affect organogenesis is not known. The literature focuses on somatic mutations and epigenetic changes that cause aberrant
regulation of cell cycle genes and their machinery. 相似文献