恒山黄芪和宁夏枸杞的多糖体外抗氧化活性比较研究

以恒山黄芪和宁夏枸杞为材料,采用超声波法提取其多糖成分,比较分析恒山黄芪多糖、宁夏枸杞多糖以及二者复合多糖的抗氧化活性,为开发新的天然抗氧化剂提供依据。结果显示:(1)恒山黄芪多糖的总抗氧化能力[T-AOC=(0.67±0.12)U/mg]和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力(EC50=2.34 mg/mL)均高于宁夏枸杞多糖[TAOC=(0.52±0.07)U/mg,EC50=4.28mg/mL],而恒山黄芪多糖的羟自由基清除能力(EC50=1.36mg/mL)则低于宁夏枸杞多糖(EC50=0.98mg/mL)。(2)在相同浓度下,二者按照1∶1比例配成的复合多糖总抗氧化能力[T-AOC=(0.79±0.02)U/mg]、羟自由基清除能力(EC50=0.84mg/mL)、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力(EC50=1.37mg/mL)均高于单种多糖。(3)恒山黄芪多糖、宁夏枸杞多糖以及二者复合多糖的抗氧化能力均与其浓度呈正相关关系。研究表明,恒山黄芪多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性,是具有开发潜力的天然抗氧化物质,且恒山黄芪多糖与宁夏枸杞多糖复合配伍后具有协同效应,抗氧化活性增强。为开发新的天然抗氧化剂提供参考。     

黄芪多糖对卷曲乳杆菌体外生长的作用

目的研究黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharides,APS)对卷曲乳杆菌体外生长的影响效果。方法测定卷曲乳杆菌在不同APS剂量的MRS液体培养基中随时间变化的吸光度(A值)。结果卷曲乳杆菌的A值随着APS剂量的增加而增大,且呈一定的时间-剂量依赖性,当黄芪多糖剂量为10μg/mL、作用14 h时细菌浓度达到峰值。结论黄芪多糖对卷曲乳杆菌体外生长具有促进作用,促生作用强弱与黄芪多糖剂量相关。     

黄芪多糖的闪式提取技术研究

目的:建立黄芪多糖的闪式提取技术.方法:对黄芪多糖闪式提取技术中提取温度、提取时间、提取电机电压、pH值、料液比、乙醇浓度进行了单因素实验,以多糖得率为指标确定提取工艺,并与传统碱水提取法进行了比较,最后用该工艺对8种不同产地或级别的黄芪原料进行多糖提取和含量测定.结果:初步确定提取工艺为温度65℃、提取时间2 min、pH值为10、提取电机电压200V、料液比1:10、乙醇浓度为5%(V/V),提取所得黄芪多糖总量达到123.46mg/g,比碱提法多糖得率提高了近30%,该法检测不同黄芪原料多糖含量在87.44～187.74mg/g.结论:闪式提取技术能大大提高黄芪多糖提取率,不同产地或级别的黄芪原料在黄芪多糖含量上有较大差异.     

槲蕨多糖的提取工艺优化及其抑菌性研究

以槲蕨块茎为材料,采用水提醇沉法提取槲蕨多糖.在单因素考察的基础上,以多糖的得率为响应值,料液比、提取温度、提取时间为自变量,建立数学模型,利用响应面法获得槲蕨多糖的最佳提取工艺.采用纸片扩散法比较了不同浓度多糖的抑菌效果.结果表明:槲蕨多糖最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1:25,提取时间2.0h,提取温度为85℃,在此优化条件下多糖得率为7.57％,与响应面分析预测值7.61％基本相符.槲蕨多糖对杆菌有明显的抑制作用,对供试球菌无明显抑制效果,多糖最低抑菌浓度为10 mg/mL.     

半边旗和阴地蕨粗多糖抗鱼病病原菌活性初步研究

采用4种方法提取阴地蕨和半边旗多糖,并利用圆形纸片法进行抑菌实验。结果表明:阴地蕨和半边旗多糖提取物显示出不同程度的抑制3种鱼病病原菌的活性,阴地蕨多糖提取物对肠炎病病原菌的最小抑菌浓度为6.25mg/ml。     

中国被毛孢发酵液的活性成分分析及清除自由基和抗白色假丝酵母活性的研究

测定处于不同生长期的中国被毛孢Hirsutella sinensis菌株RCEF0273胞外多糖含量、发酵液中5种核苷代谢量和氨基酸含量,并对其菌株次生代谢产物清除自由基活性和抑菌效果进行了测定分析,发现:中国被毛孢胞外多糖含量最高可达到1.9480g/L,发酵液中尿苷、鸟苷、肌苷、胸腺嘧啶核苷和腺苷5种核苷含量最高分别为10.4132mg/g、12.1929mg/g、2.2698mg/g、1.1000mg/g和1.8181mg/g,其菌株发酵液冻干粉中氨基酸总量为3.2560mg/g,活性测定结果显示中国被毛孢发酵液的正丁醇相有很强的清除自由基活性和抑菌活性。在10mg/mL的测试浓度下,37℃孵育15min后其自由基清除率可达93.25%,在2mg/mL的测试浓度下,其抗白色假丝酵母Candida albicans的抑菌圈直径达到21.42mm。     

金银花和苦丁茶多糖提取物抗菌活性研究

从金银花和苦丁茶中提取水溶性多糖,利用圆形纸片法对7种常见的食品腐败菌进行抗菌试验。结果表明:金银花和苦丁茶多糖提取物都具有一定程度的抗细菌与抗真菌活性,抗细菌活性比抗真菌活性强;苦丁茶多糖提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为5mg/ml。     

苦瓜提取物的抑菌活性研究

本文研究了苦瓜(MC)不同活性成分的抑菌活性.结果表明:苦瓜提取物对细菌的抑菌作用明显,但对霉菌、酵母菌的抑制效果不明显.苦瓜粗皂甙和苦瓜粗多糖的抑菌效果比纯品的好.苦瓜乙醇浸提物、苦瓜粗多糖、苦瓜多糖、苦瓜粗皂甙、苦瓜皂甙、苦瓜粗蛋白对藤黄八叠球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为50、100、5、100、2、20 mg/mL.苦瓜多糖、苦瓜皂甙和苦瓜蛋白是苦瓜抑菌活性功能成分.     

复合酶法辅助提取漆树籽粕多糖及抗氧化作用研究

以脱脂后的漆树籽粕为原料,采用木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素酶进行辅助提取漆树籽粕多糖,通过单因素实验筛选了该方法的工艺条件,并进一步研究漆树籽粕多糖对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力。结果表明:纤维素酶的最佳酶解条件是:酶用量是漆树籽粕粉重量的0.5%,酶解温度45℃,pH值4.5～5.0,酶解反应1 h。木瓜蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件是:酶用量是漆树籽粕粉重量的1%,酶解温度50℃,pH值6～7,酶解反应1 h,在此条件下漆树籽粕多糖得率为2.371%。漆树籽粕多糖对羟自由基和DPPH的IC₅₀分别为8.16 mg/mL和6.83 mg/mL。当浓度为10 mg/mL时,对羟自由基和DPPH的清除率分别为62.63%和56.86%。结果表明酶解法辅助提取的漆树籽粕多糖具有一定的体外抗氧化活性。     

壳寡糖对大肠杆菌抑菌活性研究

分析壳寡糖对大肠杆菌抑菌效果的影响因素.采用摇瓶法和ELISA板法对不同浓度的壳寡糖进行抑菌试验;比较不同pH、不同脱乙酰度的壳寡糖对大肠杆菌抑菌效果的差异;比较不同聚合度的单一聚合度壳寡糖抑菌效果的差异.壳寡糖浓度大于5 mg/mL时抑菌效果与同浓度苯甲酸钠相近;pH为4时,0.156 mg/mL的壳寡糖溶液抑菌活性即能超过90%;pH为7时,5 mg/mL的壳寡糖才能达到90%抑菌活性.脱乙酰度为95%时,5 mg/mL的壳寡糖溶液抑菌活性能超过97%;脱乙酰度为45%时,40 mg/mL的壳寡糖溶液抑菌活性仅有56%;聚合度大于4的单一聚合度壳寡糖40 mg/mL时抑菌活性能达到99%.结果表明:提高壳寡糖溶液浓度、降低pH、提高脱乙酰度,能提高壳寡糖的抑菌活性,单一聚合度壳寡糖聚合度越高,对大肠杆菌的抑制作用越强.此外,采用ELISA板的方法进行实验,即节省试药又方便快捷.     

枸杞多糖对H5N1流感全病毒灭活疫苗的体液免疫增强作用

探讨枸杞多糖(Lycium barbarum polysaccharide,LBP)作为佐剂对H5亚型流感病毒全病毒灭活疫苗的体液免疫增强效果。将流感病毒A/Vietnam/1194/2004(H5N1)灭活疫苗与不同剂量的枸杞多糖混合后以腹腔注射的方式共同免疫小鼠,免疫后三周收集血清用于特异性抗体检测。实验中设立氢氧化铝佐剂组作对照共同评价LBP作为佐剂的免疫增强效果。结果显示,小鼠血清中针对H5灭活疫苗的特异性抗体水平在一定范围内随着LBP剂量的增加而提高。LBP在800μg剂量时血清特异性抗体水平较无佐剂组显著增强,并与氢氧化铝佐剂组大致相当。因而,LBP有可能成为一种有效的流感灭活疫苗免疫佐剂。     

宁夏不同地域枸杞多糖和总糖含量与土壤环境因子关系的研究

通过对宁夏4个主要枸杞产区土壤理化冈子及枸杞果实主要成分枸杞多糖和总糖含垃进行分析,研究不同土壤理化因子对枸杞有效成分枸杞多糖和总糖含量的影响。结果表明：宁夏4个主产区枸杞多糖累积与肥力因子间尤显著相关性,而总糖含量与肥力因子间呈负相关,其中与速效氮呈显著负相关,与速效磷呈极显著负相关。宁复枸杞果实内多糖和总糖含量与土壤盐分呈正相关。宁夏4个主要产区枸杞多糖含量差异不显著,但枸杞总糖含量差异显著,其中新产区惠农和同心总糖含量比老产区中宁、园林场含量高。     

Synthesis and Study of Biological Activity of Sulfamic Polysaccharide Derivatives

New water-soluble derivatives of starch, pectin, and Na-CMC containing the sulfamic groups have been obtained by the reaction of sulfamic acid with dialdehyde polysaccharide derivatives. The structure and composition of the resulting compounds have been studied by IR spectroscopy, elemental (nitrogen and sulfur) analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The sulfamic derivatives of starch, pectin, and Na-CMC with a different content of the sulfamic groups have been obtained by varying the ratio of sulfamic acid to the dialdehyde polysaccharide derivatives. The optimal–СНО: NH₂SO₃H ratio was found to be 1: 2.5. The interaction rate of sulfamic acid with the dialdehyde derivatives of starch, pectin, and Na-CMC has been evaluated. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of sodium salts of the sulfamic starch, pectin, and Na-CMC derivatives against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi have been studied at different concentrations (10, 25, 50 mg/mL) by the disk diffusion method. The synthesized compounds have not been found to exhibit antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Nevertheless, they have been shown to have the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus faecalis at the concentration of 50 mg/mL. The concentration dependence of antibacterial action of sodium salts of the starch, pectin, and Na-CMC sulfamic derivatives has been demonstrated. The antibacterial activity of the drugs has been found to directly depend on the content of the sulfamic groups in polysaccharides. The results on the acute toxicity of the sulfamic polysaccharide derivatives have shown that these compounds can be attributed to low-toxicity substances of Class V.     

枸杞多糖的提取纯化及组成分析

采用水提法从枸杞中提取分离枸杞多糖(LBP)用DEAE纤维素柱色谱和凝胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,采用GPC-LLS法、红外光谱和气相色谱等方法对其组成进行研究。结果表明LBP含有3个级分,LBP的分子质量约为1.497×105,由阿拉伯糖(Ara),鼠李糖(Rha),木糖(Xyl),甘露糖(Man),半乳糖(Gal)和葡萄糖(Glc)6种中性单糖组成。     

枸杞色素及多糖的不同提取次序对其得率及抗氧化活性的影响

为探究先后提取枸杞多糖及枸杞色素时对各自得率的影响。本研究通过分别考察这两种成分在提取过程中的提取溶剂、提取温度、料液比、提取次数及提取时间等因素对枸杞色素和枸杞多糖的得率影响,确定枸杞色素和枸杞多糖在提取次序不同时,两者的最佳提取工艺以及对DPPH·和·OH自由基清除率。结果表明,首先提取枸杞多糖后,枸杞色素的最佳提取工艺为采用正己烷,80℃时,料液比1∶10,提取2次,每次1 h,枸杞色素得率为2.48%,此时枸杞多糖得率为7.45%;而首先提取枸杞色素后,采用了超声辅助提取的方式提取枸杞多糖,发现超声效率为25%,料液比1∶10,提取20 min,枸杞多糖得率为5.23%,此时枸杞色素得率为3.93%。因此,首先提取枸杞多糖,使其平均得率为7.45%,而后提取枸杞色素,其平均得率为2.48%;总体上,枸杞色素1和枸杞多糖1对DPPH·自由基清除率都较高,枸杞多糖1对·OH自由基清除率较高,其抗氧化活性都接近Vc。     

红黄鹅膏子实体不同极性部位及粗多糖对B16细胞活力的影响

为探讨红黄鹅膏子实体不同极性部位和粗多糖对鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16活力的影响,采用MTT法检测红黄鹅膏子实体醇提物石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取部位和水层及水提醇沉得到的粗多糖对B16细胞的抑制活性。结果表明:红黄鹅膏子实体不同极性部位及粗多糖(100⁴00 mg/mL)处理24 h后,其石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位和子实体粗多糖对B16细胞活力有明显的抑制作用。红黄鹅膏子实体不同极性部位和粗多糖在一定时间内对B16细胞活力的抑制呈浓度依赖性。     

枸杞多糖抗氧化作用的研究

目的:研究枸杞粗多糖(Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide,LBP)在小鼠体内的抗氧化作用。方法:用高(400mg/kg.d)、中(200mg/kg.d)、低(100mg/kg.d)剂量的枸杞粗多糖生理盐水溶液对D-半乳糖(100mg/kg.d)之衰老模型小鼠和正常小鼠灌胃。结果:枸杞粗多糖能较显著(P0.01)提高小鼠血清、肝脏及脑组织中SOD活性,降低MDA含量;极显著(P0.01)提高正常小鼠常压耐缺氧能力和游泳抗疲劳能力;此外小鼠的脾指数和胸腺指数均得到显著提高,表明枸杞粗多糖对提高小鼠的机体免疫水平具有重要的促进作用。结论:枸杞粗多糖对小鼠具有显著的抗氧化、抗衰老作用。     

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects and antioxidant activity of fruit extracts from Lycium barbarum

The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Lycium barbarum fruit water decoction, crude polysaccharide extracts (crude LBP), and purified polysaccharide fractions (LBP-X) in alloxan-induced diabetic or hyperlipidemic rabbits were investigated through designed sequential trials and by measuring blood glucose and serum lipid parameters. Total antioxidant capacity was also assessed using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. It was found that the three Lycium barbarum fruit extracts/fractions could significantly reduce blood glucose levels and serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations and at same time markedly increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels after 10 days treatment in tested rabbits, indicating that there were substantial hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Hypoglycemic effect of LBP-X was more significant than those of water decoction and crude LBP, but its hypolipidemic effect seemed to be weaker. Total antioxidant capacity assay showed that all three Lycium barbarum extracts/fractions possessed antioxidant activity. However, water and methanolc fruit extracts and crude polysaccharide extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than purified polysaccharide fractions because crude extracts were identified to be rich in antioxidants (e.g., carotenoids, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, thiamine, nicotinic acid). Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (glycocojugates), containing several monosaccharides and 17 amino acids, were major bioactive constituents of hypoglycemic effect. Both polysaccharides and vitamin antioxidants from Lycium barbarum fruits were possible active principles of hypolipidemic effect.     

Effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharide on human hepatoma QGY7703 cells: inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), extracted from Lycium barbarum that is a kind of traditional Chinese herb, is found to have anticancer activity. In this study, the effect of LBP on the proliferation rate, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in the human hepatoma QGY7703 cell line were investigated. The effects of this compound were also tested on the concentration of calcium in cells. LBP treatment caused inhibition of QGY7703 cell growth with cycle arrest in S phase and apoptosis induction. The amount of RNA in cells and the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ were increased. Moreover, the distribution of calcium in cells was changed. Taken together, the study suggests that the induction of cell cycle arrest and the increase of intracellular calcium in apoptotic system may participate in the antiproliferative activity of LBP in QGY7703 cells.