樱桃种间杂交种的幼胚培养

1植物名称樱桃种间杂交后代。杂交组合有甜樱桃(Prunus avium)×酸樱桃(P.cerasus),甜樱桃(P.avium)×欧洲李(P.domestica)、甜樱桃(P.avium)×中国樱桃(P.pseudocerasus)、酸樱桃(P.cerasus)×欧洲李(P.domestica)、酸樱桃(P.cerasus)×中国樱桃(P.pseudocerasus)。2材料类别幼胚。3培养条件基本培养基为F14。(1)幼胚培养培养基:F14+6-BA0.5mg·L-1(单位下同)+IBA1.0+GA1.0;(2)胚芽继代增殖培养基:F14+6-BA0.5+IBA0.2+GA0.2;(3)生根培养基:F14+IBA0.5+NAA0.05。培养基中蔗糖为2%,琼脂为0.7%,pH5.4。培养温度(25±2)℃,光照1…     

酸樱桃组培快繁技术体系的研究

以酸樱桃(Prunus cerasus)新梢茎尖和带腋芽的茎段为外植体,采用茎段组织培养的方法,用MS和F14培养基,分别添加不同质量浓度的6-苄基氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和3-吲哚丁酸(IBA),进行酸樱桃组培快繁技术体系研究。结果表明,MS培养基是适合酸樱桃生长的基本培养基;培养基中分别加入0.5 mg.L-16-BA和0.2 mg.L-1IBA,增殖效果最好,增殖率为4.46倍,有效新梢数可达83.6%;组培苗在1/2MS 0.5 mg.L-1IBA培养基上根诱导效果最好,生根率可达71.4%,平均根长2.1 cm;移栽到蛭石基质中成活率可达80%。     

弱光对樱桃叶片膜脂过氧化的影响

以无性繁殖的一年生莱阳矮樱桃( Prunus pseudocerasus L. "Laiyang")幼苗为试材,研究了弱光对樱桃叶片膜脂过氧化的影响.结果表明:随着光照强度的减弱,樱桃叶片的净光合速率降低;而MDA含量和膜保护酶活性在弱光下也发生明显变化,其中MDA含量和POD活性上升;CAT活性下降;SOD在366 μmol*m-2*s-1和533.8 μmol*m-2*s-1光强下活性升高,而在228.8 μmol*m-2*s-1和83.9 μmol*m-2*s-1光强下活性下降.     

Phylogeny and Classification of Prunus sensu lato （Rosaceae）

The classification of the economically important genus Prunus L. sensu lato （s.L） is controversial due to the high levels of convergent or the parallel evolution of morphological characters. In the present study, phylogenetic analyses of fifteen main segregates of Prunus s.I. represented by eighty-four species were conducted with maximum parsimony and Bayesian approaches using twelve chloroplast regions （atpB- rbcL, matK, ndhF, psbA-trnH, rbcL, rpL 16, rpoC1, rps16, trnS-G, trnL, trnL-F and ycfl） and three nuclear genes （ITS, s6pdh and Sbel） to explore their infrageneric used to develop a new, phylogeny-based classification relationships. The results of these analyses were of Prunus s.I. Our phylogenetic reconstructions resolved three main clades of Prunus s.I. with strong supports. We adopted a broad-sensed genus, Prunus, and recognised three subgenera corresponding to the three main clades： subgenus Padus, subgenus Cerasus and subgenus Prunus. Seven sections of subgenus Prunus were recognised. The dwarf cherries, which were previously assigned to subgenus Cerasus, were included in this subgenus Prunus. One new section name, Prunus L. subgenus Prunus section Persicae （T. T. yu ＆ L. T. Lu） S. L. Zhou and one new species name, Prunus tianshanica （Pojarkov） S. Shi, were proposed.     

樱桃品种资源间遗传差异的RAPD分析

以来自欧洲甜樱桃（Prunus avium）和中国樱桃（Prunus pseudocerasus）的11份品种资源为试材,用34个随机引物对这些种质间的RAPD多态性进行了分析。除了S1090外,几乎所有的引物均能将欧洲甜樱桃品种和中国樱桃品种区分开来。用11个能在甜樱桃品种间表现多态性的引物所产生的101个位点进行相似系数的计算和聚类分析,结果将供试种质划分为两大组群：中国樱桃组群和甜樱桃组群,其中甜樱桃组群又可分为两个亚组。这一研究结果对了解这些种质的遗传差异程度．从而有目的地拓宽育种材料的遗传背景和在育种过程中创造出较大幅度的遗传变异有重要意义。     

都江堰林区取食樱桃果实(种子)的鸟类及其种子扩散作用

樱桃(Prunus pseudocerasus)是广泛分布于我国亚热带常绿阔叶林内的一种重要核果植物。为了解食果鸟类在樱桃种群更新中的作用,于2007年和2008年在四川都江堰亚热带常绿阔叶林内研究了取食樱桃果实(种子)的鸟类及其种子扩散作用。研究表明,樱桃成熟果实的下落高峰发生在4月下旬至5月上旬;2007年的种子扩散率为4.0%±1.0%,明显低于2008年(27.7%±5.7%)。在研究地内,发现至少有16种鸟取食樱桃果实或种子,根据其对果实和种子的处理方式分为3个功能群:白头鹎(Pycnontus sinensis)、领雀嘴鹎(Spizixos semitorques)、黑鹎(Hypisipetes leucocephalus)、白颊噪鹛(Garrulax snnio)、红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythorhyncha)等10种鸟吞食樱桃果实,而种子通过消化道末端排出并将种子携至远离母树的地方,是重要的种子扩散者;暗绿绣眼鸟(Alcippe morrisonia)和灰眶雀鹛(Zosterops iaponicus)等4种鸟主要啄食果肉而将种子丢弃在母树下,为啄食果肉者;而普通朱雀(Carpopacus erythrinus)和灰头鸦雀(Paradoxornis gularis)则主要取食种子,为纯粹的种子捕食者。在吞食樱桃果实的食果鸟中,3种鹎科鸟类访问频次所占的比例达55.3%(2007年)和35.3%(2008年),说明鹎科鸟类是都江堰林区樱桃种子的主要扩散者,对樱桃种群的空间格局和自然更新可能有重要影响。     

高盆樱桃与钟花樱桃的地理分布模拟及生态特征比较分析

该研究以高盆樱桃(Cerasus cerasoides)及其近缘种钟花樱桃(C. campanulata)为对象,通过收集其实际分布的地理坐标,运用BIOCLIM模型模拟现代适生区范围并预测其未来气候下(CCM3,2100)潜在分布区的变化; 结合主成分分析和相关性分析确定其主导气候因子,并比较两者在气候限制因子方面的差异; 利用受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver operation characteristic, ROC)评估模型预测效果。结果表明:(1)高盆樱桃和钟花樱桃主要分布于我国长江以南大部分省区,两者现代分布中心分布位于云贵高原,武夷山脉和南岭山脉。(2)未来气候变化情境下(CCM3),高盆樱桃和钟花樱桃的适生范围将缩小。二者在中国西南部(高盆樱桃)和东南部(钟花樱桃)的适生范围可能大幅减小,而钟花樱桃在湖南西部的适生区可能增加。(3)主成分(PCA)及相关性分析表明,年降水量(bio12)、最湿季降水量(bio16)、最暖季降水量(bio18)、温度季节变化方差(bio4)是影响高盆樱桃及钟花樱桃当下适生区的主要气候因子,“热量变异幅度”是造成二者分布存在差异的最主要环境因子。(4)钟花樱桃(0.816)和高盆樱桃(0.799)的AUC值均高于随机测试(0.500),说明BIOCLIM模型可以准确预测高盆樱桃及钟花樱桃的分布。这为高盆樱桃和钟花樱桃资源保护、物种鉴定和谱系地理学的研究提供重要指导。     

对“接穗郁李影响杏砧变异的实验”的解释

本文认为“接穗郁李影响杏砧变异的实验”为嫁接杂交研究提供了新的证据,并根据近年来植物分子生物学的有关研究成果,对蘖生郁李产生的原因进行了解释。 Abstract:The paper considers that the experiment of affect scion of Prunus japonica Thunb on stock of Prunus armeniaca L. furnish fresh evidence for graft hybridization,and proposes the possible mechnism for production of tillering Prunus japoniaca Thunb according to recent achievements in plant molecular biology.     

新组合Prunus jingningensis,comb.nov.的新模式及新异名（英文）

通过对沼生矮樱(Cerasus jingningensis)和雪落樱桃(Cerasus xueluoensis)变异类型的分析,指定了沼生矮樱的新模式标本,并将雪落樱桃处理为新组合Prunus jingningensis (Z. H. Chen, G. Y. Li et Y. K. Xu) D. G. ZhangY. Wu的异名。分类学处理和新模式的指定均依据2018年《国际藻类、真菌和植物命名法规(深圳法规)》中的规定和建议。     

伊犁野樱桃李开发利用

本文介绍了野生樱桃李Prunus divaricata Ldb.的资源、民族传统利用和伊犁独风流公司开发利用樱桃李资源情况.希望引起国内外爱好野樱桃李的有关方面的兴趣,共同参与开发利用.并可供有关方面参考.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.