利用基因工程表达核心抗原转化的E抗原制备抗HBeAg单克隆抗体

采用两种变性剂将大肠杆菌基因工程高效表达的乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HBcAg)转化成为E抗原(HBeAg),其ELISA滴度达1:1000以上,而核心抗原滴度为零。用此抗原免疫小鼠,一次融合即获十四株抗乙型肝炎病毒E抗原的单克隆抗体。细胞培养上清抗体滴度为1:10-1:1000以上,腹水滴度为1:1000-1:100,000以上。十三株IgG、一株IgM。其中十株为抗HBeAg(b)决定簇,四株抗(a)决定簇。它们的敏感性及特异性与日本用血清E抗原制备的单克隆抗体效果完全一致。这是国内外首次应用基因工程表达核心抗原转化E抗原成功 地建立分泌抗HBeAg单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。     

抗炭疽保护性抗原的单克隆抗体——Ⅰ.杂交瘤细胞株的获得

用炭疽保护性抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞NS-1融合,融合剂为PEG1000。用放射免疫方法筛选分泌特异抗体的杂交瘤细胞后,经有限稀释法及再克隆选择单克隆细胞,获4株能产生抗炭疽保护性抗原的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。经染色体组型分析,证明是杂交细胞。体外连续培养8个月,仍能持续稳定地分泌抗体。其中,C17杂交细胞株,从它冰冻保存的第20代细胞复苏后,又传30多代,并接种在小鼠腹腔内增殖,仍能分泌特异性抗体。用正向间接血凝法测定其培养上清液及腹水,抗体滴度分别为1:256～512,1:4,096～6,144。     

恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原融合基因的表达及其生物活性

采用遗传工程技术获得了含有恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原融合基因的重组质粒pMC055－CS的工程菌株,能高效分泌CS抗原的融合蛋白至胞外,可达25mg／L．具有霍乱毒素B亚单位（CT－B）和子孢子CS的抗原性．将纯化的融合蛋白免疫C57纯系小鼠,免疫后抗CT－B抗体滴度可达1：3200～6400,抗CS抗体滴度可达1：320～640．免疫小鼠采用约氏疟子孢子腹腔攻击,保护率达34～45％．     

抗麻痹性贝毒素GTX2,3单克隆抗体的制备及特性分析

制备抗麻痹性贝毒GTX2,3单克隆抗体。利用醛化法将GTX2,3与载体牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联,制备完全抗原。免疫小鼠,取小鼠脾细胞与Sp2/0细胞融合。GTX2,3与钥孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联作为检测抗原,用间接ELISA法筛选阳性克隆株。将筛选的阳性细胞株制备腹水。获得三株稳定分泌抗GTX2,3单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株F4、F10、G9。间接ELISA法检测F10细胞株腹水抗体效价为1.4×10^-5。半抗原GTX2,3与载体蛋白偶联后,作为免疫原,可制备高滴度的抗GTX2,3抗血清和单克隆抗体。该抗体对于藻毒素具有高特异性和高亲和力,可用于污染海产品的麻痹性贝毒的检测。     

恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原融合基因的表达及其生物活性

采用遗传工程技术了获得了含有恶性疟原虫子孢子ＣＳ抗原融合基因的重组质粒ｐＭＣ０５５－ＣＳ的工程菌株,能高效分泌ＣＳ抗原的融合蛋白至胞外,可达２５ｍｇ／Ｌ,具有霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位和子孢子ＣＳ的抗原性;将纯化的融合蛋白免疫Ｃ５７纯系小鼠,免疫后抗ＣＴ－Ｂ抗体滴度可达１：３ ２００－６４００,抗ＣＳ抗体滴度可达１：３２０－６４０,免疫小鼠用纸氏疟孢子腹腔攻击,保护率达３４－４５％。     

马铃薯卷叶病毒单克隆抗体的制备

采用杂交瘤技术,以马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato Leafroll Virns,PLRV)为抗原,用直接将病毒注入脾脏和随后尾静脉注射的方法,免疫BALB/C小鼠。将免疫小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合。用Dot-ELISA和间接血凝试验筛选分泌抗马铃薯卷叶病毒抗体的阳性克隆,建立了分泌抗PLRV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。用微量玻片双扩散法测定单克隆抗体亚类为IgG_1和IgG2a,轻链为λ。注射杂交瘤细胞株A_1、A_3、C_3和D_3于小鼠腹腔,制备出含高效价单克隆抗体的腹水。用获得的四种单克隆抗体对马铃薯卷叶病毒15个分离物进行了鉴定。     

一种新的无传染性的检测HBeAg抗HBe的单克隆酶联免疫吸附法(MonoLISA)的建立与应用

应用我室自1988年5月以来建立的抗乙型肝炎e抗原两个抗原决定簇的单克隆抗体,和在大肠杆菌中高效表达的乙型肝炎病毒e抗原,组装成检测HBeAg/抗HBe的酶联免疫试剂(简称Mo-noLISA)。测定了该试剂的特异性、敏感性和可重复性,并与用日本单克隆抗体和血清e抗原组装的类似的EIA试剂进行了比较。结果两种试剂检测92份乙肝病人血清e抗原和38份血清e抗体的总符合率,分别为97.8％和100％。用两种试剂同时滴定一份已知HBeAg阳往和一份抗-HBe阳性的血清,证明两者的敏感性无显著差异。重复性试验证实,该试剂的重复率为100％。由此证明,用抗-HBeMcAb和基因工程抗原组装的诊断试剂,特异性强,敏感性高,可重复性好,且无传染性。这不仅为诊断试剂原材料的更新提供了丰富的来源,而且将该类试剂提高到一个新水平。     

单克隆抗体抑制性酶联免疫吸附试验：（I—ELISA）检测日本血吸虫虫卵抗原

检测血吸虫抗原较之检测虫体的明显优点是可准确地估计虫荷以及判断是否活动性感染,有助于了解化疗效果。近年来国内已有用双抗体夹心酶联法检测血吸虫循环抗原的报道。使用高效特异的单克隆抗体可望进一步提高检测的敏感性。本文对单克隆抗体(McAb)I-ELISA检测日本血吸虫虫卵抗原的敏感性和特异性作了初步探讨。有关本法检测感染日本血吸虫的动物和病人血中血吸虫虫卵抗原的情况将另文报道。材料与方法McAb制备:用日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)免疫BALB/C小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/O小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,经克隆化后获得3株分泌抗日本血吸虫…     

抗鸡新城疫病毒单克隆抗体的研制

我们于1984年开始以鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)强毒株F48E8为抗原,研究抗鸡新城疫病毒单克隆抗体,得到两株杂交瘤细胞系:NDV-Hy-23和NDV-Hy-33。经3次克隆后,这两株杂交瘤细胞系均能稳定地分泌高滴度抗鸡新城疫病毒特异抗体,培养上清中McAb的免疫荧光滴度为1:50～1:100,小鼠腹水中Mc-Ab的免疫荧光滴度为1:100,000～1:1,000,000。免疫扩散试验证明:NDV-Hy-23分泌小鼠IgG1型抗     

重组恶性疟原虫DNA质粒免疫小鼠制备单克隆抗体

用恶性疟原虫MSP131基因片段的重组质粒DNA直接免疫BALB/c小鼠,诱导产生体液,免疫后取脾细胞与SP2/0小鼠骨髓瘤细胞在PEG1450作用下进行融合,获得了2株能分泌抗恶性疟原虫MSP131单克隆抗体的小鼠杂交瘤细胞株9H9和8A2。用酶联免疫吸附试验检测,小鼠腹水抗体滴度最高为1∶10 000。经免疫球蛋白类型和亚类鉴定,2株杂交瘤细胞株均为IgG\-1\.蛋白免疫印迹试验表明,此单克隆抗体与MSP1\|31蛋白抗原有特异免疫反应,证明通过质粒DNA直接免疫小鼠可制备特异性单克隆抗体。     

大肠杆菌合成的HBcAg转化为HBeAg的研究及其应用

37℃用1％β-巯基乙醇处理大肠杆菌HBcAg2小时,可使其全部转化成HBeAg。以常规ELISA方法不能检出HBcAg活性。该制品能被抗-HBe阳性血清特异中和。4℃以液体形式存放稳定,-20℃经过冻融活性下降。HBcAg转化成HBeAg后聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳行为有所改变。分别用转化的大肠杆菌HBeAg和血浆HBeAg作为酶联反应的诊断试剂,检测35份HBsAg阳性乙肝病人血清标本的抗-HBe,符合率为91.4％。同用Abbott-HBe(RIA)试剂盒测定的17份HBsAg阳性血清标本的试验结果比较,符合率为100％。说明转化的大肠杆菌HBeAg可代替血浆HBeAg作为检测抗-HBe的诊断试剂应用。     

白背飞虱单克隆抗体的制备及其特性的研究

应用杂交瘤技术,制备出4株高度特异性的白背飞虱单克隆抗体,分别命名为WPH-1H9、WPH-2B6、WPH-2E12和WPH-3F12。这些抗体与其它8种昆虫未发生交叉反应,其中WPH-2B6可与白背飞虱所有虫态发生反应,其余3株只与卵和雌成虫发生反应。应用免疫双扩散法鉴定抗体类型及亚类,结果表明：WPH-2B6为IgG_2b亚类,其余均为IgG₁亚类。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和Western blot印迹分析表明,白背飞虱抗原主要由分子量分别为182、116、66.2及40 kD的4个多肽组成,其中WPH-2B6与182、116 kD的多肽结合,其余3株的单抗只与116 kD的多肽具有亲和性。最后对这些单克隆抗体在捕食作用研究中的应用潜力进行了讨论。     

Demonstration of two distinct antigenic determinants on hepatitis B e antigen by monoclonal antibodies

Mice were immunized against hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) isolated from sera of asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus. Their spleen cells were fused with mouse myeloma (NS-1) cells, and 5 clones of hybridoma cells secreting antibody against HBeAg (anti-HBe) were isolated. For the production of anti-HBe in large scale, cells were cultivated both in vitro and in the peritoneal cavity of ascitic mice. Although monoclonal antibodies produced by these clones showed a strong reactivity of anti-HBe in hemagglutination tests, individual monoclonal anti-HBe did not reveal any precipitin line in immunodiffusion. When 2 of the 5 monoclonal antibodies were mixed together, however, some combinations showed a precipitin line against HBeAg, whereas others did not. Utilizing solid-phase radioimmunoassay involving a number of combinations of monoclonal antibodies used for solid-phase and radiolabeling, the 5 antibodies were classified into 2 groups. Three of the anti-HBe antibodies were found to be directed to 1 determinant of HBeAg (determinant a); the remaining 2 to the other determinant (determinant b). Determinants a and b were detected on HBeAg in the serum, as well as on the polypeptide of 19,000 daltons (P19) derived from the nucleocapsid of hepatitis B virus. Monoclonal anti-HBe antibodies with different specificities may provide useful tools in delineating the antigenic structure of HBeAg and also in evaluating immune responses of the host directed to its subdeterminants.     

混合单克隆抗体在固相ELISA双夹心法中的应用研究

在进行固相ELISA双夹心法时,要选择两种配对的单克隆抗体(McAb)殊非易事。本文用不同McAb的混合物与另一种McAb进行配对夹心,获得了较好的效果。实验表明,在心肌肌球蛋白轻链(CM—LC)的固相ELISA双夹心体系中,以抗CM-LCMcAb(1G6)铺底,(2B4及2F6)混合物为后续复盖抗体,最低检出量可低达10ng/mL,其检出率较单独2B4或单独2F6作为后续复盖抗体者高5—10倍。而若反之,以(2B4及2F6)混合物铺底,1G6作为后续复盖抗体,则其最低检出量竟高至200ng/mL,还不如以其中之一铺底为佳。在人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)的检测体系中,用多克隆抗体与单克隆抗体配对的研究中,也获得了类似的实验结果。     

大肠杆菌合成的乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HBcAg)转化为e抗原(HBeAg)的探索

本文以带有HBcAg基因重组质粒的大肠杆菌转化株Ecoli MM206所合成的HBcAg进行HBcAg转化为HBeAg的探索研究。菌经超声破碎获得的菌裂解液对生理盐水透析两天后,酶联检测发现抗原性部分转化为HBeAg。将菌裂解液或HBcAg精制品用2-巯基乙醇处理,可使抗原性发生进一步转化。但是分子筛层析证明抗原蛋白分子大小没有明显变化。这种制品有可能作为诊断试剂用以检测抗-HBe,而且实验结果表明HBeAg是由HBeAg衍变来的。为要提高HBeAg的稳定性,以碘乙酰胺处理,使还原的抗原蛋白通过羧甲基化反应封闭游离的巯基。经上述处理的HBeAg通过分子筛层析可与大部分细菌杂蛋白分开,制品只有HBeAg活性而测不到HBeAg活性,因而提高了抗原蛋白的稳定性与纯度。     

In vitro production of antibody to hepatitis B core and E antigens by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

To evaluate the relative immunogenicity of and the mechanism for production of antibody to hepatitis B core (HBc) and hepatitis B e (HBe) Ag, we investigated the in vitro anti-HBc and anti-HBe production by PBMC from 25 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (15 with HBeAg and 10 with anti-HBe) and 12 ASC (5 with HBeAg and 7 with anti-HBe) in the presence of PWM, rHBcAg, or purified HBeAg. PWM-stimulated culture produced higher titer anti-HBc (mean % inhibition +/- SD = 73 +/- 23%, p less than 0.001) than anti-HBe (34 +/- 17%). HBcAg stimulation elicited greater anti-HBc response (43 +/- 26%, p less than 0.001) than did HBeAg for anti-HBe (26 +/- 12%). Both HBcAg and HBeAg induced equivalent anti-HBe response. Anti-HBc production in response to HBcAg was higher in CAH patients (51 to 55%) than in asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface Ag (22 to 28%) irrespective of their HBeAg/anti-HBe status, but reflecting serum anti-HBc value. Similar findings were noted in HBeAg-stimulated anti-HBe production for the two patient groups. In HBeAg- and anti-HBe-positive CAH, HBcAG-stimulated anti-HBc production was similar in T (1.4 x 10(6)) and B (0.6 x 10(6)) cells coculture, and B cells (2 x 10(6)) alone culture. However, in the HBeAg-stimulated culture, T plus B cells produced significantly higher titer anti-HBe than B cells alone did. These results indicate that HBcAg has a relatively higher immunogenicity in terms of antibody production as compared to HBeAg. Furthermore, HBcAg was shown to function as a T cell-dependent and -independent Ag, whereas HBeAg is T cell-dependent during chronic hepatitis virus B infection in man.     

抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原“y”亚型及“a”组抗原决定簇杂交瘤细胞株的建立与应用

用部分纯化的HBsAg/adr和ayw亚型免疫Balb/c小鼠的脾细胞,在PEG作用下与Sp2/o骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经ELISA及RIA法筛选出了分泌抗HBsAg/a(SH 1 D9)、抗HBsAg/y(SG 3 B10)亚型决定簇的杂交瘤细胞系,在组织培养上清液中它们的滴度分别     

The HBV HBX gene expressed in E. coli is recognised by sera from hepatitis patients

We have cloned the X gene (HBx) and the HBc antigen (HBc Ag) gene of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Escherichia coli as fusion products with beta-galactosidase. Both HBV genes are expressed in E. coli strain CSR 603. Expression is detected by u.v. irradiation of the bacteria, metabolic labelling and electrophoresis of the labelled extracts on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The HBc Ag protein produced in bacteria can be recognised by anti-HBc sera and peptides derived from the protein are also recognised by anti-HBe sera. The HBx protein is recognised by some, but not all, sera which are anti-HBe positive. HBx Ag is also recognised by a woodchuck antibody similar to anti-HBe (anti-WHe). These results constitute the first proof that the open reading frame X is a true viral gene and is expressed during HBV (and WHV) infection and that an HBx/anti-HBx system, which may have important biological implications, can exist in parallel with the classic HBe/anti-HBe system.     

Comparative immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus core and E antigens

The nucleocapsid (hepatitis B core Ag (HBcAg] of the hepatitis B virus is a particulate Ag composed of a single polypeptide (p21). Although a non-particulate form of HBcAg designated hepatitis B e Ag (HBeAg) shares significant amino acid identity, the immune responses to these Ag appear to be regulated independently. This report describes the use of recombinant HBcAg and HBeAg to examine and compare murine T cell and B cell recognition of these related Ag. The HBcAg preparation was stable at pH 7.2 and 9.6 and expressed HBc antigenicity. However, the antigenicity of the HBeAg preparation was pH dependent. At pH 9.6 the HBeAg preparation was non-particulate and expressed HBe antigenicity exclusively; however, at pH 7.2 it was particulate and expressed both HBc and HBe antigenicities. Although this "hybrid" particle most likely does not exist naturally, it is a unique research reagent to investigate the interrelationship between HBcAg and HBeAg. HBcAg was significantly more immunogenic in terms of in vivo antibody production as compared to either the non-particulate or particulate forms of HBeAg. Nevertheless, in most murine strains HBcAg and HBeAg were equivalently immunogenic and crossreactive at the level of T cell activation. The disparity between anti-HBc and anti-HBe antibody production is best explained by the observation that HBcAg can function as a T cell-independent Ag whereas HBeAg is T cell dependent even when present within the same particulate structure as HBcAg. Furthermore, HBcAg was shown to function efficiently as an immunologic carrier moiety for the DNP hapten in athymic as well as euthymic mice in contrast to conventional carrier proteins. These results have implications relevant to the human immune responses to HBcAg and HBeAg during infection, and to vaccine development.