铝胁迫下柱花草SSH文库构建及表达序列标签分析

柱花草栽培种热研2号(Stylosanthes guianensis ‘Reyan 2’)对铝毒有较强的耐受性。为了鉴定其在铝胁迫下的诱导 基因, 利用抑制消减杂交(SSH)技术构建在300 μmol·L^–1铝胁迫下正向cDNA文库。挑选插入片段大于300 bp的600个克隆进行测序, 共获得504条表达序列标签(EST)。序列重复性分析表明, 其中12.1%的EST只有1次重复, 61.4%的EST有2–16次重复, 重复出现次数较高的EST是细胞色素P450(53次, 占10.5%)、病原诱导型胰蛋白酶抑制剂(44次, 占8.7%)和衰老相关蛋白(37次, 占7.3%)。BLASTX分析显示, 504条EST中有97种非冗余基因, 其中包括46条功能已知基因和51条功能未知序列。46条功能已知EST中有30个为已报道铝胁迫相关基因, 16个是新发现的铝胁迫相关基因。SSH cDNA文库提供的信息为阐明柱花草耐铝毒的分子机制提供了重要线索。     

小麦幼苗期水分胁迫所诱导基因表达谱的初步分析

利用抑制差减杂交(Suppression Subtractive Hybridization,SSH)和高密度点阵膜技术研究小麦2叶幼苗期水分胁迫诱导表达基因。通过筛选具有1530个克隆的SSH文库,获得181个阳性克隆。序列同源性比较和功能查询结果发现,83．2％的水分胁迫诱导表达基因分别与不同逆境胁迫条件下表达的基因具有较高的同源性,这些基因在生物体内的功能都是直接或间接对细胞遭受逆境胁迫起保护作用。其中17个EST未找到同源性较高的匹配序列,已经在GenBank注册。用反向Northern、RT-PCR和Northern进一步检验所获得的功能已知EST,初步建立了小麦幼苗期水分胁迫诱导的基因表达谱。     

抑制消减杂交法分离紫花苜蓿幼苗铝胁迫诱导表达的cDNA

利用抑制消减杂交(SSH)技术分离铝胁迫诱导紫花苜蓿差异表达的基因,以水培试验获取的中苜一号幼苗为材料,以80μmol/L铝离子胁迫的紫花苜蓿作为试验组,未胁迫的为驱动组,构建了一个包含456个克隆的SSH文库。对构建的文库进行鉴定,随机选取20个阳性克隆测序,共获得15条有效EST序列,然后将测序结果提交到GenBank进行Blastn比对,获得了3条未知基因的序列,推测它们可能与植物的抗铝作用有关。检测结果表明,构建的文库质量较好,可以进行进一步深入研究,为揭示植物耐铝性的分子机理提供理论基础。     

铝胁迫下柱花草SSH文库构建及表达序列标签分析

柱花草栽培种热研2号（Stylosanthes guianensis‘Reyan2’）对铝毒有较强的耐受性。为了鉴定其在铝胁迫下的诱导基因,利用抑制消减杂交（SSH）技术构建在300μmol·L-1铝胁迫下正向cDNA文库。挑选插入片段大于300bp的600个克隆进行测序,共获得504条表达序列标签（EST）。序列重复性分析表明,其中12.1%的EST只有1次重复,61.4%的EST有2-16次重复,重复出现次数较高的EST是细胞色素P450（53次,占10.5%）、病原诱导型胰蛋白酶抑制剂（44次,占8.7%）和衰老相关蛋白（37次,占7.3%）。BLASTX分析显示,504条EST中有97种非冗余基因,其中包括46条功能已知基因和51条功能未知序列。46条功能已知EST中有30个为已报道铝胁迫相关基因,16个是新发现的铝胁迫相关基因。SSHcDNA文库提供的信息为阐明柱花草耐铝毒的分子机制提供了重要线索。     

应用cDNA芯片分析79个新基因的人胚组织表达谱

大规模cDNA测序和生物信息学技术相结合,得到来自于商品化的人胚肾cDNA文库79个代表新基因的表达序列标签(EST).随后,采用高速度机械手制备这些cDNA的基因芯片,用于鉴定79个新基因的ESTs在20周、26周两个胚胎时期6种组织中的基因表达状况,以研究这些EST片段代表的新基因功能提供线索.通过芯片杂交及结果分析,得到同一个组织两个不同时相8个差异表达的基因,随后的RNA印迹分析的结果与芯片杂交的结果相一致.     

丹波黑大豆GmbHLH30转录因子耐铝功能初步研究

铝毒是酸性土壤作物生长的主要限制因素。前期研究发现,铝胁迫下,耐铝型丹波黑大豆SSH(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)cDNA文库中bHLH30转录因子基因上调表达,推测该基因与丹波黑大豆耐铝性相关。克隆GmbHLH30基因,构建GmbHLH30植物表达载体pK2-35S-GmbHLH30,并在烟草中过量表达获得转GmbHLH30的转基因烟草植株。在铝胁迫下,转GmbHLH30的转基因烟草相对根伸长率比野生型烟草大,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量高,H2O2水平低。表明GmbHLH30基因的过量表达可以增强植物的耐铝能力,暗示GmbHLH30转录因子参与调控植物的耐铝特性。     

玉米耐铝毒基因的分离

以抑制消减杂交（SSH）为手段,以玉米对铝敏感的自交系Mo17和耐铝的自交系TL94B为材料,分别构建它们的正向和反向消减文库,分别筛选获得了124、47、103和64个阳性克隆。对文库的鉴定表明,插入片段分布在0.25-1．0kb之间,阳性克隆率在18％左右。对338个阳性克隆进行测序,得到232种表达序列标签（EST）,其中70．2％的EST可推测其功能。结果表明,玉米的铝离子胁迫反应涉及胁迫因子的信号传导、响应基因的转录表达与调控、物质的合成与运输、细胞结构和功能的改变等。     

EST分析技术在鸡基因组学研究中的应用

表达序列标签（EST）是由大量随机取出的cDNA库克隆经测序得到的组织或细胞基因组的一段cDNA序列,一个EST代表生物体某种组织某一时期的一个表达基因。综述了EST分析技术在鸡基因组研究中的应用。如用于鉴定、发现和预测鸡的新基因,用于基因图谱的绘制,用于筛选基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点,用于基因表达分析和基因芯片制作等。EST数据库和生物信息学的联合分析技术在推动家鸡后基因组的研究中发挥着重要的作用。     

离心机训练后+Gz耐力相关基因的分离与鉴定

为探讨离心机训练提高正向加速度 (forwardacceleration ,+Gz)耐力的分子机制 ,应用抑制性消减杂交 (suppressionsubtractivehybridization ,SSH)和斑点杂交技术筛选离心机训练 12d后测试高耐力组 (耐受 + 16Gz)与未训练对照组大鼠全脑的差异表达基因 .将获得的序列表达标签 (expressedsequencetag ,EST)进行特异性鉴定后 ,获得 7个上调EST ,其中 5个为已知基因的部分序列 ,2个为新EST ,它们的表达量均在训练 6d组最高 ,表明离心机训练可明显影响大鼠全脑特定基因的表达水平 ,这些基因表达水平的变化很可能与离心机训练提高机体 +Gz耐力的分子机制有关     

火炬松热胁迫cDNA文库的表达谱分析

以火炬松热胁迫cDNA文库的EST序列为材料,对EST序列进行聚类、拼接等处理后,再进行Blast同源比对以及基因GO注释分析。研究结果如下:从Forest TreeDB数据库中下载了火炬松热胁迫cDNA文库的所有EST序列,共4 283条。EST序列经CAP3拼接后,获得2 062个UniGene,其中934个Contig,1 128个Singletons。对UniGene进行同源检索,按照GO的分子功能、生物过程和细胞组分三个不同分类角度分类,被赋予功能的基因数累计达4 661个,但365个(17.7%)的序列与核酸和蛋白数据库无序列同源性,即17.7%为新发现的基因。经对所有具有功能的基因研究发现,受外界胁迫表达的抗逆相关基因含量较高。上述研究结果对于研究火炬松热胁迫基因表达特征与抗逆分子机制具有一定的借鉴价值,以及开发火炬松新分子标记与开展分子辅助育种具有一定的指导意义。     

Nylon Filter Arrays Reveal Differential Expression of Expressed Sequence Tags in Wheat Roots Under Aluminum Stress

To enrich differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for aluminum (A1) tolerance, cDNA subtraction libraries were generated from Al-stressed roots of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) nearisogenic lines (NILs) contrasting in Al-tolerance gene(s) from the Al-tolerant cultivar Atlas 66, using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Expression patterns of the ESTs were investigated with nylon filter arrays containing 614 cDNA clones from the subtraction library. Gene expression profiles from macroarray analysis indicated that 25 ESTs were upregulated in the tolerant NIL in response to A1 stress. The result from Northern analysis of selected upregulated ESTs was similar to that from macroarray analysis. These highly expressed ESTs showed high homology with genes involved in signal transduction, oxidative stress alleviation, membrane structure, Mg^2 transportation, and other functions. Under A1 stress, the Al-tolerant NIL may possess altered structure or function of the cell wall, plasma membrane, and mitochondrion. The wheat response to A1 stress may involve complicated defense-related signaling and metabolic pathways. The present experiment did not detect any induced or activated genes involved in the synthesis of malate and other organic acids in wheat under Al-stress.     

Nylon Filter Arrays Reveal Differential Expression of Expressed Sequence Tags in Wheat Roots Under Aluminum Stress

To enrich differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for aluminum (Al) tolerance, cDNA subtraction libraries were generated from Al-stressed roots of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) nearisogenic lines (NILs) contrasting in Al-tolerance gene(s) from the Al-tolerant cultivar Atlas 66, using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Expression patterns of the ESTs were investigated with nylon filter arrays containing 614 cDNA clones from the subtraction library. Gene expression profiles from macroarray analysis indicated that 25 ESTs were upregulated in the tolerant NIL in response to Al stress. The result from Northern analysis of selected upregulated ESTs was similar to that from macroarray analysis. These highly expressed ESTs showed high homology with genes involved in signal transduction, oxidative stress alleviation, membrane structure, Mg2 transportation, and other functions. Under Al stress, the Al-tolerant NIL may possess altered structure or function of the cell wall, plasma membrane, and mitochondrion. The wheat response to Al stress may involve complicated defense-related signaling and metabolic pathways.The present experiment did not detect any induced or activated genes involved in the synthesis of malate and other organic acids in wheat under Al-stress.     

Differential expression of expressed sequence tags in alfalfa roots under aluminum stress

To gain a better understanding of differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for aluminum (Al) tolerance and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Al toxicity, cDNA subtraction libraries were generated from Al-stressed roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) compared with no Al-stressed ones, employing suppression subtractive hybridization. Using differential screening technique in which the probes were labeled with DIG, we identified 45 non-redundant ESTs in Al-stressed alfalfa root tips with significantly altered expression. Among the up-regulated ESTs, we have found genes encoding identified proteins, including malate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and an ABC transporter, while the down-regulate genes included ATPase, secretory carrier membrane protein 2, pectinesterase inhibitor. In addition, two novel ESTs, EW678752 and EY976957, up- and down-regulated by Al stress were sequenced. Analyzed by real-time PCR, the expressions of EST EW678718, EW678739, EY976969 and EW678728, which encode for ABC transporter, malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase correspondingly, increased 1.64-, 2.75-, 3.27- and 6.54-folds, respectively, and the expression of EY976957 encoding for ATPase decreased 3.27 folds. The expression of EST EW678752 increased 34.54-fold, while that of EY976957 decreased 16.68 folds. It suggested that the two novel ESTs maybe play a significant role in the aluminum tolerance of alfalfa.     

Use of a large-scale Triticeae expressed sequence tag resource to reveal gene expression profiles in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The US Wheat Genome Project, funded by the National Science Foundation, developed the first large public Triticeae expressed sequence tag (EST) resource. Altogether, 116,272 ESTs were produced, comprising 100,674 5' ESTs and 15 598 3' ESTs. These ESTs were derived from 42 cDNA libraries, which were created from hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its close relatives, including diploid wheat (T. monococcum L. and Aegilops speltoides L.), tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.), using tissues collected from various stages of plant growth and development and under diverse regimes of abiotic and biotic stress treatments. ESTs were assembled into 18,876 contigs and 23,034 singletons, or 41,910 wheat unigenes. Over 90% of the contigs contained fewer than 10 EST members, implying that the ESTs represented a diverse selection of genes and that genes expressed at low and moderate to high levels were well sampled. Statistical methods were used to study the correlation of gene expression patterns, based on the ESTs clustered in the 1536 contigs that contained at least 10 5' EST members and thus representing the most abundant genes expressed in wheat. Analysis further identified genes in wheat that were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in tissues under various abiotic stresses when compared with control tissues. Though the function annotation cannot be assigned for many of these genes, it is likely that they play a role associated with the stress response. This study predicted the possible functionality for 4% of total wheat unigenes, which leaves the remaining 96% with their functional roles and expression patterns largely unknown. Nonetheless, the EST data generated in this project provide a diverse and rich source for gene discovery in wheat.     

Expressed sequence tag-based gene expression analysis under aluminum stress in rye

To understand the mechanisms responsible for aluminum (Al) toxicity and tolerance in plants, an expressed sequence tag (EST) approach was used to analyze changes in gene expression in roots of rye (Secale cereale L. cv Blanco) under Al stress. Two cDNA libraries were constructed (Al stressed and unstressed), and a total of 1,194 and 774 ESTs were generated, respectively. The putative proteins encoded by these cDNAs were uncovered by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool searches, and those ESTs showing similarity to proteins of known function were classified according to 13 different functional categories. A total of 671 known function genes were used to analyze the gene expression patterns in rye cv Blanco root tips under Al stress. Many of the previously identified Al-responsive genes showed expression differences between the libraries within 6 h of Al stress. Certain genes were selected, and their expression profiles were studied during a 48-h period using northern analysis. A total of 13 novel genes involved in cell elongation and division (tonoplast aquaporin and ubiquitin-like protein SMT3), oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, and ascorbate peroxidase), iron metabolism (iron deficiency-specific proteins IDS3a, IDS3b, and IDS1; S-adenosyl methionine synthase; and methionine synthase), and other cellular mechanisms (pathogenesis-related protein 1.2, heme oxygenase, and epoxide hydrolase) were demonstrated to be regulated by Al stress. These genes provide new insights about the response of Al-tolerant plants to toxic levels of Al.