人源抗HBsAg单链抗体在巴氏毕赤酵母中的表达

在P.pastoris中分泌表达非融合抗HBsAg单链抗体（HBscFv）。设计引物从pGEMHBscFv上扩增目的基因,亚克隆至P.pastoris表达载体pPICZαA中,线性化后转化P. pastorisGS115;转化子经菌落PCR、高浓度Zeocin抗性筛选鉴定后,甲醇诱导目的蛋白表达。结果发现,重组HBscFv可以在α因子的引导下,分泌至培养基中,产量为80mg/L;分泌至培养基中的HBscFv具有结合HBsAg活性,活性总量在诱导培养72h后达最高峰,在诱导培养后期,HBscFv活性下降;PAS糖显色结果表明,酵母表达HBscFv是一种低糖基化蛋白或非糖基化蛋白。     

瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶基因在工业啤酒酵母中的整合和表达

用PCR合成的瑞氏木霉（T.reesei）β-内切葡聚糖酶Ⅰ（EGⅠ）的cDNA, 构建了由酵母醇脱氢酶 （ADH1）启动子和终止子引导表达、β-内切葡聚糖酶自身信号肽序列引导分泌、由酵母rDNA序列引导同源整合的酵母YIP型β-内切葡聚糖酶表达分泌质粒pA15PET。采用pA15PET与酵母YEP型G418抗性表达质粒的共转化,将EGⅠ表达单元整合到已整合有α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶（α-ALDC）表达单元的啤酒酵母工程菌BE9711的染色体rDNA序列中,获得同时表达胞内α-ALDC和胞外β-内切葡聚糖酶的啤酒酵母工程菌。     

猪瘟病毒E2基因在Pichia pastoris中的表达及其免疫活性的初步研究

将猪瘟病毒的E2基因克隆入酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,酶切线性化后电穿孔导入Pichia pastoris进行整合,经G418筛选得到高拷贝转化子,甲醇诱导表达。SDSPAGE和Western blot结果证实了酵母培养上清液中含有E2蛋白。免疫活性研究证明P. pastoris表达的E2蛋白能刺激动物产生抗猪瘟病毒的抗体。     

重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的肽质量图谱分析

重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体具有较好的特异性和抗原结合活性,为了更好的阐明毕赤 酵母表达的重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的性质,用基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱(MALDI- TOF-MS)对重组Fab抗体的分子质量和肽质量图谱进行了分析。结果显示,毕赤酵母表达的重组 人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的分子质量为50678．49Da,与根据其一级结构计算的理论分子质量相 比多2763．84 Da,显示酵母表达的重组Fab抗体为糖蛋白。用胰蛋白酶酶解重组Fab抗体后进行 MALDI-TOF-MS分析显示,大部分的酶解肽段均能检测出来。结果表明毕赤酵母表达的重组Fab 抗体与预期的结构一致。     

人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的发酵生产研究

为了适应工业生产的需要,利用fed—batch方法,重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体酵母工程菌在30L发酵罐中进行了高密度发酵,发酵最适温度30℃,pH值范围5．0～5．3,溶氧范围20％～30％。发酵液OD600值达到300时开始诱导,甲醇最佳诱导浓度为10mL／L。重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体经离子交换层析纯化,纯化产品经SDS-PAGE、Western blot进行分析和ELISA方法进行活性测定。结果显示,重组Fab抗体在Fed-batch发酵系统中可高效表达,经过192h的发酵生产,重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的表达量可达412mg／L。发酵上清经过离子交换层析纯化,获得纯度为95％的重组Fab抗体,该Fab抗体经ELISA分析具有较高的HBsAg抗原亲和力和特异性。结果证实可以通过高密度发酵毕赤酵母工程菌来高效生产重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体,为后续的工业化生产应用奠定了基础。     

重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体纯化方法的比较研究

抗HBsAg Fab抗体被认为在预防和治疗HBV引起的肝病中具有重要的作用。为了建立稳定的、适于生产应用的重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的纯化工艺,本实验对不同纯化方法进行了比较研究。比较了抗Fab抗体亲和层析、ScFv单克隆抗体亲和层析和离子交换层析等3套纯化工艺在酵母发酵生产的重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体纯化中的效率。结果显示,抗Fab抗体亲和层析柱纯化酵母表达的重组Fab,纯度为96．8％,但回收率偏低,只有30％～40％。ScFv单克隆抗体亲和层析纯化的重组Fab,纯度为97．5％,回收率达75％～85％。该工艺能很好的适应较小规模的生产应用。离子交换层析纯化的重组Fab,纯度为97％,回收率为75％～85％。该工艺能很好的适应较大规模的生产应用。以上结果表明,应用ScFv单克隆抗体亲和层析和离子交换层析纯化技术均能很好的纯化出重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体,这两种纯化工艺不仅大大节约纯化成本,且纯化效率和回收率有很大提高。为莺组Fab抗体的工业化生产应用奠定了基础。     

人工合成的黑曲霉NRRL3135菌株植酸酶基因在毕赤酵母系统中的高效表达

本文以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)NRRL3135菌株植酸酶基因为对象,通过基因人工合成的方法去除了该基因的内含子与信号肽编码序列,换用在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中使用频率较高的密码子以优化其表达。该人工合成植酸酶基因(PhyA-as)以N端融合的方式正确插入到毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA。通过电击将重组表达载体整合入酵母染色体DNA中得到重组转化子。SDSPAGE结果与表达产物酶学性质研究表明植酸酶得到分泌表达,且与天然产物性质基本一致。筛选得若干株高产基因工程菌,其中SPANⅢ菌株达到了在摇床培养条件下,每毫升发酵液产生165000u植酸酶的水平,基本满足工业化生产的要求。     

抗CD20嵌合抗体片段Fab′突变体的表达和活性研究

利用PCR方法从抗CD20单链抗体（ScFv）表达载体上扩增抗CD20抗体轻链可变区基因（V^L）、重链可变区基因（V^H）,同时在抗体的可变区引入突变,然后将V^H、V^L基因重组到Fab′表达载体pYZF1中,构建抗CD20嵌合抗体Fab′片段表达载体,并在大肠杆菌16c9中进行高效可溶性分泌表达。经大量的筛选,获得一个产量和活性均有所提高的突变克隆。其突变位点在轻链可变区的CDR1区,即G77→A（Ser→Asn）。突变的抗体的表达量为每克干菌3.8 mg,而未突变抗体的表达量为每克干菌1.3 mg。突变体的亲和力常数K_a为2.2×10⁹ L/mol,约为突变前的2倍。竞争性免疫荧光抑制实验表明,突变的Fab′片段能竞争性抑制鼠源性抗CD20抗体HI₄₇和CD20表达细胞Raji细胞的结合,使HI₄₇的结合阳性率由98%下降至37.55%,体外细胞生长抑制试验亦证明突变的Fab′片段的抑制活性明显高于未突变的抗体。     

极端耐热木聚糖酶基因在大肠杆菌和毕赤酵母中的高效表达

以海栖热袍菌 (Thermotoga maritima) MSB8菌株基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增出木聚糖酶（XylanaseB）基因, 将此基因克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体pET_28a（+）和毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K,并分别转化大肠杆菌 BL21和毕赤酵母GS115。该木聚糖酶在大肠杆菌细胞中表达量高, 但不能分泌; 而在毕赤酵母细胞的表达产物可分泌至胞外。酶学性质分析表明,此酶分子量约为40kD,其最适反应温度为90℃, 最适反应pH值为6.65,且在碱性条件下稳定,具有重要的工业应用前景。     

汉森酵母表达载体的构建和人血管生成抑制素基因的表达

汉森酵母(H.polymorpha)是一类能以甲醇为唯一碳源和能源的甲基营养酵母,具有高表达外源基因、易于高密度发酵和产业化的特点。应用PCR技术扩增汉森酵母甲醇氧化酶(Methanol oxidase MOX)基因启动子和转录终止序列,并与汉森酵母Leu基因(Hpleu2)和人血管生成抑制素基因一起重组进大肠杆菌质粒pSP72,构建了整合型表达载体pSMA17,采用LiAc法将pSMA17转入汉森酵母A16(leu),筛选出阳性转化子H.polymorpha A16(pSMA17)。转化子在YPGE培养基中培养至对数生长后期,用甲醇进行诱导表达。ELISA和SDSPAGE分析结果证明人血管生成抑制素已获表达,表达产物分泌至培养基中。Western blot结果显示重组的人血管生成抑制素能与抗人纤溶酶原抗血清特异结合,具有免疫原性。     

Production of humanized Fab fragment against human high affinity IgE receptor in Pichia pastoris

Binding of allergen-IgE complexes to the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilonRI) on mast cells and basophils leads to the release of various mediaters such as histamine. Fab fragments prepared by the papain digestion of humanized antibody against human Fc epsilonRI inhibited the release of histamine from human basophils. Here we established an expression system to directly produce Fab fragments of the humanized anti-human Fc epsilonRI antibody in methylotropic yeast, P. pastoris. Fab fragments were efficiently secreted into the medium at a concentration of 10-40 mg/L using a signal sequence from the P. pastoris phosphatase gene. They were consisted of disulfide-linked light and heavy chains correctly starting from the first amino acid residues by proper cleavage of the signal peptides. The obtained Fab fragments inhibited the binding between IgE and Fc epsilonRI as efficiently as the counterpart prepared by papain digestion of the whole antibody.     

Production of Humanized Fab Fragment against Human High Affinity IgE Receptor in Pichia pastoris

Binding of allergen-IgE complexes to the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils leads to the release of various mediaters such as histamine. Fab fragments prepared by the papain digestion of humanized antibody against human FcεRI inhibited the release of histamine from human basophils. Here we established an expression system to directly produce Fab fragments of the humanized anti-human FcεRI antibody in methylotropic yeast, P. pastoris. Fab fragments were efficiently secreted into the medium at a concentration of 10-40 mg/L using a signal sequence from the P. pastoris phosphatase gene. They were consisted of disulfide-linked light and heavy chains correctly starting from the first amino acid residues by proper cleavage of the signal peptides. The obtained Fab fragments inhibited the binding between IgE and FcεRI as efficiently as the counterpart prepared by papain digestion of the whole antibody.     

抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的高效表达及其产物分析

目的：在乳酸克鲁维酵母中实现抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体的表达。方法：应用PCR扩增抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体的轻、重链基因,将扩增产物分别克隆入酵母表达载体pYES 2/ochI和pPICZαA/ura3,经限制性内切酶以及DNA序列测定分析插入片段正确后,将重组质粒转化乳酸克鲁维酵母(Δura3)。转化子用半乳糖诱导,经间接ELISA和Western blot鉴定所表达产物的产量以及和抗原结合的活性。结果：构建了抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体轻、重链表达载体pYES 2/ochI+αL和pPICZαA/ura3+αH,摇瓶培养表达产量可达(120±20)mg/L;经还原和非还原SDS-PAGE分析,抗体的轻、重链能够通过分子间二硫键正确装配;所表达抗体可与HER2胞外域特异性结合。结论：实现抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的表达,具有与其抗原特异性结合的能力。     

The crystal structure of the Fab fragment of a rat monoclonal antibody against the main immunogenic region of the human muscle acetylcholine receptor.

The crystal structure of the Fab fragment of a rat monoclonal antibody, number 192, with a very high affinity (Kd = 0.05 nM) for the main immunogenic region of the human muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR), has been determined and refined to 2.4 A resolution by X-ray crystallographic methods. The overall structure is similar to a Fab (NC6.8) from a murine antibody, used as a search model in molecular replacement. Structural comparisons with known antibody structures showed that the conformations of the hypervariable regions H1, H2, L1, L2, L3 of Fab192 adopt the canonical structures 1, 1, 2, 1, and 1, respectively. The surface of the antigen-binding site is relatively planar, as expected for an antibody against a large protein antigen, with an accessible area of 2865 A2. Analysis of the electrostatic surface potential of the antigen-binding site shows that the bottom of the cleft formed in the center of the site appears to be negatively charged. The structure will be useful in the rational design of very high affinity humanized mutants of Fab192, appropriate for therapeutic approaches of the model autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis.     

Display of a functional hetero-oligomeric catalytic antibody on the yeast cell surface

A functional hetero-oligomeric protein was, for the first time, displayed on the yeast cell surface. A hetero-oligomeric Fab fragment of the catalytic antibody 6D9 can hydrolyze a non-bioactive chloramphenicol monoester derivative to produce chloramphenicol. The gene encoding the light chain of the Fab fragment of 6D9 was expressed with the tandemly-linked C-terminal half of alpha-agglutinin. At the same time, the gene encoding the Fd fragment of the heavy chain of the Fab fragment was expressed as a secretion protein. The combined Fab fragment displayed and associated on the yeast cell surface had an intermolecular disulfide linkage between the light and heavy chains. This protein fragment catalyzed the hydrolysis of a chloramphenicol monoester derivative and exhibited high stability in binding with a transition-state analog (TSA). The catalytic reaction was also inhibited by the TSA. The successful display of a functional hetero-oligomeric catalytic antibody provides a useful model for the display of hetero-oligomeric proteins and enzymes.     

抗VEGF单克隆抗体Fab片段在E.coli中的分泌表达

目的：在大肠杆菌中构建、表达和纯化抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的Fab片段（兰尼单抗,ranibizumab）,通过发酵条件的控制实现其在大肠杆菌周质和胞外的高效分泌表达,并检测其抗VEGF的活性。方法：以pET30a为质粒载体,构建了Fd链和L链前都含有OmpA信号肽、SD序列和T7 promoter的克隆载体pET30a（+）-LC-HC,转化BL21（DE3）表达菌株,并进行了培养基、温度和IPTG诱导浓度的条件优化。结果：确定Fab片段在大肠杆菌分泌表达摇瓶发酵最佳条件为：在含有1.5% Tryptone,1% Yeast Extract,0.5% Glucose,0.15% NaCl,0.1% NH₄Cl,0.08% MgCl₂·6H₂O的1L培养基的摇瓶中,按照10%的接种量,37℃摇床培养至对数生长后期（OD₆₀₀为2左右）,添加0.1mmol/L IPTG诱导剂,于16℃条件下诱导表达过夜（16h左右）。用周质破菌提取分泌至大肠杆菌周质腔的Fab片段,同时用中空纤维柱浓缩发酵培养基,最后用ProteinG亲和层析柱一步纯化洗脱,经SDS-PAGE检测分析和Brandford法测蛋白浓度得出纯化的Fab抗体片段纯度在90%以上,分泌表达纯化量为0.4mg/L。以VEGF165作为结合抗原,间接ELISA分析纯化后的Fab抗体EC50=30ng/ml。继续用该培养基在3.7L体积发酵罐中进行2L体积的发酵,获得最终的菌体产率为30g/L,可亲和纯化Fab抗体量为1.94mg/L。结论：成功实现了Fab抗体片段在大肠杆菌中的高效分泌表达,且具有很高的活性,为规模化制备Fab抗体片段提供了研究依据。     

Structural effect of a recombinant monoclonal antibody on hinge region peptide bond hydrolysis

IgG hinge region peptide bonds are susceptible to degradation by hydrolysis. To study the effect of Fab and Fc on hinge region peptide bond hydrolysis, a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody, its F(ab')2 fragment, and a model peptide with amino acid sequence corresponding to the hinge region were incubated at 40 degrees C in formulation buffer including complete protease inhibitor and EDTA for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Two major cleavage sites were identified in the hinge region of the intact recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody and its F(ab')2 fragment, but only one major cleavage site of the model peptide was identified. Hinge region peptide bond hydrolysis of the intact antibody and its F(ab')2 fragment degraded at comparable rates, while the model peptide degraded much faster. It was concluded that Fab region of the IgG, but not Fc portion had significant effect on preventing peptide bond cleavage by direct hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of hinge region peptide bonds was accelerated under both acidic and basic conditions.     

High level expression of a promising anti-idiotypic antibody fragment vaccine against HIV-1 in Pichia pastoris

We have expressed the anti-idiotypic antibody 3H6 Fab directed against the HIV-1 broadly neutralising antibody 2F5 in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The chimeric human/mouse Fab fragment was expressed under control of the inducible AOX1 promoter and secreted via the alpha mating factor leader of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioreactor experiments showed the ability of the recombinant P. pastoris clone to secrete up to 260 mg/L Fab fragment in the culture supernatant during a five days cultivation time. Codon optimisation of the Fab expression cassette gave no further improvement of specific productivity when comparing 12 clones of each construct. The subsequent purification of Fab containing supernatants was done by anion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography with a recovery resulting in 70% of the recombinant protein. For verification of the suitability of the expression system we characterised the expressed protein with respect to both, its specificity and binding affinity and could not detect any significant difference between products from yeast derived and the hybridoma derived product. Finally we tested the implicit requirement of the carbohydrate moiety in the H2 loop of the original 3H6 antibody by introducing an asparagine to alanine replacement and, in a second experiment, inhibition of N-glycosylation by tunicamycin treatment. Biochemical analysis confirmed that the N-glycosylation does not contribute to the binding properties of 3H6.     

Production of recombinant humanized anti-HBsAg Fab fragment from Pichia pastoris by fermentation

In this report, we describe the high-yield secretory expression of the recombinant human anti-HBsAg Fab fragment from Pichia pastoris that was achieved by co-integration of the genes encoding the heavy and light chains (both under the control of alcohol oxidase promoter) into the genome of the yeast cells. The fed-batch fermentations were carried out in a 5 L scale. Both chains of the Fab were successfully expressed upon methanol induction. The absorbance (OD600) of the broth can reach 350 approximately 500 at the end of fed-batch phase. After the induction, the expression level of the recombinant Fab (soluble) reached 420 approximately 458 mg/L. The recombinant Fab fragment was purified from the crude culture supernatant by ion exchange chromatography and the purity of the recombinant Fab fragment was over 95%. The affinity activities of the crude fermentation supernatant and the purified Fab were analyzed by indirect ELISA, which showed that the purified recombinant Fab fragment had high affinity activity with hepatitis B surface antigen.     

Crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of the Fab fragment from a humanized version of the mouse anti-human fas antibody HFE7a

A humanized version of the apoptosis-inducing mouse anti-human Fas monoclonal antibody, HFE7A, is under further development for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. We have crystallized the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of the humanized HFE7A. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell dimensions a = 54.4 A, b = 82.7 A, c = 104.9 A and contain one Fab molecule in the asymmetric unit. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.8 A resolution.