人Nek2蛋白原核表达纯化及其多克隆抗体制备 *

目的通过原核表达系统表达人Nek2蛋白,优化表达条件并纯化Nek2蛋白,制备抗Nek2多克隆抗体.方法 将Nek2基因片段构建到原核表达载体pET30a(+)上,转化大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3);加入诱导剂IPTG诱导表达,对诱导温度,诱导剂IPTG终浓度,诱导时间等条件进行优化;利用12% SDS-PAGE后250mmol/L KCl染色切胶纯化蛋白质,将纯化后的Nek2蛋白进行质谱鉴定;纯化Nek2蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,运用ELISA,Western blot和免疫荧光实验检测多克隆抗体效价和特异性.结果 构建了pET30a(+)-Nek2重组原核表达质粒,诱导的重组人Nek2蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在;蛋白质的最适诱导表达条件为28℃,180r/min条件下加入终浓度为0.2mmol/L IPTG诱导32h;质谱分析纯化后的蛋白质为Nek2蛋白,最终获得浓度为1.35mg/ml纯化后的Nek2蛋白;纯化蛋白免疫小鼠,多克隆抗体效价大于1∶243 000,且具有良好的抗原特异性;免疫荧光实验显示Nek2主要定位于细胞质和细胞核.结论: 利用重组人Nek2蛋白获得具有良好抗原特异性的抗Nek2多克隆抗体.     

大肠杆菌发酵生产重组人源抗-HBs Fab

在KLF2000发酵罐中利用补料分批培养技术培养表达含重组质粒pBAD/HBs Fab的TOP10大肠杆菌,生产人源抗-HBs Fab,为批量生产作准备,在发酵过程中,控制溶氧30%以上,温度37℃,在基础培养基内生长4h后,补加以甘油为碳源的补料,继续生长到9h,加入阿拉伯糖,至终浓度为0.02%,30℃诱导表达5h,收集菌体,纯化制备目的蛋白。利用Western blot方法检测Fab抗原性,Dot blot方法检测生物学活性。14h发酵结束后,菌体密度最终达96g/L,纯化所得蛋白大约占菌体总蛋白的6%,含量为80mg/L,以重组质粒pBAD/HBs Fab,大肠杆菌TOP10表达表达比率与摇瓶相比没有降低,表达量达80mg/L左右,为大批量生产作了准备。     

重组大肠杆菌产尿素酶B高密度发酵条件的优化

探究重组大肠杆菌产尿素酶B（urease B subunit, UreB）的高密度发酵条件。通过实验室摇瓶和30 L发酵罐对UreB基因工程菌的发酵条件进行优化。结果表明：30 L发酵罐中以TB培养基为发酵培养基,接种量为5%,发酵温度为37 ℃,pH为6.8,溶氧量为30%左右,培养至2 h开始恒速流加50%甘油,4 h流加50%酵母提取物和50%胰蛋白胨,并加入终浓度为0.5 mmol/L的异丙基β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside,IPTG),诱导表达4 h,结束发酵,所得菌体干物质约为25.7 g/L,UreB表达量为31.4%。此工艺可以提高UreB的产量。     

基因重组大肠杆菌表达HrpNEcc蛋白的发酵条件及诱导条件优化

对已构建好的表达HrpNEcc蛋白的工程菌BL21(DE3)/pET30a(+)hrpN Ecc的摇瓶发酵条件及乳糖诱导进行优化, 通过在7L发酵罐中放大发酵实验,以期提高蛋白产量并降低生产成本。在摇瓶中优化的发酵及诱导条件是：5% 的接种量,TB培养基,菌体培养至对数生长前期,添加3g/L外源诱导剂乳糖时,HrpNEcc蛋白产量可达417.60mg/L,比不添加乳糖时提高了36.73%,比用IPTG诱导时提高了16.85%。7L发酵罐中发酵,获得菌体湿重达到57.24g/L（WCW）,可溶性HrpNEcc蛋白产量占细胞总蛋白的50.2%,为3.29 g/L。     

大肠杆菌发酵生产重组人源抗

在KLF2000发酵罐中利用补料分批培养技术培养表达含重组质粒pBAD/HBs Fab的TOP10大肠杆菌,生产人源抗HBs Fab,为批量生产作准备。在发酵过程中,控制溶氧30%以上,温度37℃,在基础培养基内生长4 h后,补加以甘油为碳源的补料,继续生长到9 h,加入阿拉伯糖,至终浓度为002%,30℃诱导表达5h,收集菌体,纯化制备目的蛋白。利用Western blot方法检测Fab抗原性,Dot blot方法检测生物学活性。14h发酵结束后,菌体密度最终达96g/L,纯化所得蛋白大约占菌体总蛋白的6%,含量为80mg/L。以重组质粒pBAD/HBs Fab,大肠杆菌TOP10表达生产的人源抗HBs Fab为可溶性具生物学活性的蛋白,与包涵体表达相比避免了变性、复性这一复杂过程,发酵罐表达比率与摇瓶相比没有降低,表达量达80mg/L左右,为大批量生产作了准备。     

人源性抗HBsAg抗体Fab段在酵母中的表达

通过分步整合的方式,将人源性抗乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）抗体Fab的轻、重链基因分步整合到巴斯德毕赤（Pichia pastoris）酵母GS115菌株的染色体上,经甲醇诱导,成功地分泌表达出抗HBsAg抗体的Fab片段,表达量达50～80mg/L。ELISA结果显示重组酵母分泌表达出的Fab具有较强的结合HBsAg的能力。通过抗Fab的抗体柱亲和层析,纯化出了纯度较高的Fab产品。     

人Nek2蛋白原核表达纯化及其多克隆抗体制备

目的:通过原核表达系统表达人Nek2蛋白,优化表达条件并纯化Nek2蛋白,制备抗Nek2多克隆抗体。方法:将Nek2基因片段构建到原核表达载体pET30a(+)上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3);加入诱导剂IPTG诱导表达,对诱导温度、诱导剂IPTG终浓度、诱导时间等条件进行优化;利用12%SDS-PAGE后250mmol/L KCl染色切胶纯化蛋白质,将纯化后的Nek2蛋白进行质谱鉴定;纯化Nek2蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,运用ELISA、Western blot和免疫荧光实验检测多克隆抗体效价和特异性。结果:构建了pET30a(+)-Nek2重组原核表达质粒,诱导的重组人Nek2蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在;蛋白质的最适诱导表达条件为28℃,180r/min条件下加入终浓度为0. 2mmol/L IPTG诱导32h;质谱分析纯化后的蛋白质为Nek2蛋白,最终获得浓度为1. 35mg/ml纯化后的Nek2蛋白;纯化蛋白免疫小鼠,多克隆抗体效价大于1∶243 000,且具有良好的抗原特异性;免疫荧光实验显示Nek2主要定位于细胞质和细胞核。结论:利用重组人Nek2蛋白获得具有良好抗原特异性的抗Nek2多克隆抗体。     

GABAA受体蛋白片段在大肠杆菌细胞表达条件研究

为了提高GABAA受体α1蛋白片段在大肠杆菌中表达量,研究了重组菌的发酵条件,包括培养基,接种量,温度,摇床转速,pH,诱导培养时间和诱导剂IPTG使用浓度等对GABAA受体蛋白片段表达的影响。结果表明重组菌以LB培养基为发酵基质,按3%接种量,37℃培养细胞3.5h后IPTG32℃诱导5h,菌体生物量为3.25g/L,目标蛋白表达量达95mg/L。用16L发酵罐进行放大培养,菌体生物量达4.95g/L,发酵周期5.5h。最高目标蛋白表达量达到136mg/L。     

重组大肠杆菌产Streptomyces sp. FA1来源木聚糖酶的摇瓶发酵优化

为了实现来源于Streptomyces sp. FA1的木聚糖酶的高效胞外分泌表达,对E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET20b(+)/coe/xynA基因工程菌的发酵产酶诱导条件进行优化,获得最优的诱导条件为25 ℃发酵6 h后添加终浓度为0.4 mmol/L的IPTG。在此基础上对发酵培养基进一步优化,得到最优培养基成分为:甘油11 g/L,酵母粉24 g/L,蛋白胨8 g/L,磷酸盐浓度89 mmol/L,镁离子4 mmol/L。最终酶活达到780.2 U/ml,为未优化前的2.2倍,是目前大肠杆菌摇瓶发酵产木聚糖酶的最高表达水平,为实现该酶的工业化生产奠定基础。     

分泌型重组人生长激素工程菌发酵及其产物纯化

在 5L发酵罐中将工程菌pET-ompA3-hGH/BL21(DE3)进行补料式发酵 ,诱导表达分泌型重组人生长激素。通过对发酵培养基成分、补料成分、补料体积、补料时机和滴加流速的选择 ,分泌表达rhGH的量可达到 250mg/L ,占周质蛋白的 44%～ 54% ,发酵周期缩短为8h。用rhGH纯蛋白免疫动物制备的多克隆抗体制成的抗体亲和层析柱 ,一步纯化大肠杆菌周质中分泌表达的rhGH ,产物纯度达到96%以上 ,纯化产物在分子质量大小、免疫活性和二硫键的形成与天然生长激素相一致 。     

Secretion of a functional Fab fragment in Escherichia coli and the influence of culture conditions

Summary Genes encoding a light chain and an Fd region (a variable region and a CH1 domain of a heavy chain) of a mouse-human chimeric antibody with specificity for human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were fused to a DNA segment coding for the signal peptide of Escherichia coli ompF. E. coli cells harbouring an expression vector containing these genes downstream of a tac promoter were able to secrete a Fab fragment of the antibody efficiently. When the cells were cultured at 37° C and the inducer (isopropyl-\-d-thiogalactopyranoside, IPTG) concentration was 1 mm (standard conditions), production of functional Fab was very low (medium; 200 ng/l culture and periplasm; <90 ng/l culture). In order to optimize functional Fab production, we examined the influence of culture conditions (i.e. temperature and the inducer concentration) on secretion of the product. It was found that a 12.7-fold higher amount of Fab fragment could be produced at 30° C using 0.1 mm IPTG, as compared with standard conditions. Under these optimal conditions, functional Fab accumulated in the periplasm and culture medium for 10 h after induction and the total production level was found to reach approximately 4.5 mg/l culture. Correspondence to: T. Shibui     

促进大肠杆菌周质空间小分子抗体表达的菌种构建方法*

目的:构建一株表达TNF-α Fab'抗体的大肠杆菌工程菌,并设计一种高效实用的策略以促进大肠杆菌周质空间的可溶性Fab'抗体表达。方法:首先,通过更换不同表达载体,改变轻链和重链顺序,更换信号肽,共表达分子伴侣(Skp)、二硫键合成酶(Dsbc)、肽基辅氨酰顺反异构酶(PPIB)、二硫键异构酶(hPDI)、核酸酶(Nuclease),以评估对Fab'抗体表达量的改善。其次,纯化表达的Fab'抗体。通过周质提取、Q阴离子交换柱净化、苯基柱捕获、Protein L柱亲和三步纯化方案得到高纯度的Fab'抗体。最终将纯化后的Fab'抗体进行亲和力测定。结果:提高正确组装的Fab'抗体表达量的策略有——将目的蛋白构建至pET-30a载体;重链在前、轻链在后;轻、重链采用相异的信号肽;共表达hPDI。周质提取液中的Fab'抗体浓度达到588.0mg/L提取液,纯化后产量可达28.2mg/L发酵液,总回收率为32.0%,纯度为90.9%。Fab'抗体亲和力为(5.8±3.0)×10^-9mol/L,体外细胞学活性IC₅₀为(5.2±2.4)×10^-11mol/L。结论:通过大肠杆菌工程菌分子构建方式的优化,得到了一株高效表达可溶性Fab'抗体的工程菌株,为可溶性小分子抗体的规模化生产奠定了研究基础。     

Improving Fab’ fragment retention in an autonucleolytic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> strain by swapping periplasmic nuclease translocation signal from OmpA to DsbA

Objectives

To reduce unwanted Fab’ leakage from an autonucleolytic Escherichia coli strain, which co-expresses OmpA-signalled Staphylococcal nuclease and Fab’ fragment in the periplasm, by substituting in Serratial nuclease and the DsbA periplasm translocation signal as alternatives.

Results

We attempted to genetically fuse a nuclease from Serratia marcescens to the OmpA signal peptide but plasmid construction failed, possibly due to toxicity of the resultant nuclease. Combining Serratial nuclease to the DsbA signal peptide was successful. The strain co-expressing this nuclease and periplasmic Fab’ grew in complex media and exhibited nuclease activity detectable by DNAse agar plate but its growth in defined medium was retarded. Fab’ coexpression with Staphylococcal nuclease fused to the DsbA signal peptide resulted in cells exhibiting nuclease activity and growth in defined medium. In cultivation to high cell density in a 5 l bioreactor, DsbA-fused Staphylococcal nuclease co-expression coincided with reduced Fab’ leakage relative to the original autonucleolytic Fab’ strain with OmpA-fused staphylococcal nuclease.

Conclusions

We successfully rescued Fab’ leakage back to acceptable levels and established a basis for future investigation of the linkage between periplasmic nuclease expression and leakage of co-expressed periplasmic Fab’ fragment to the surrounding growth media.

     

人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的发酵生产研究

为了适应工业生产的需要,利用fed—batch方法,重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体酵母工程菌在30L发酵罐中进行了高密度发酵,发酵最适温度30℃,pH值范围5．0～5．3,溶氧范围20％～30％。发酵液OD600值达到300时开始诱导,甲醇最佳诱导浓度为10mL／L。重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体经离子交换层析纯化,纯化产品经SDS-PAGE、Western blot进行分析和ELISA方法进行活性测定。结果显示,重组Fab抗体在Fed-batch发酵系统中可高效表达,经过192h的发酵生产,重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的表达量可达412mg／L。发酵上清经过离子交换层析纯化,获得纯度为95％的重组Fab抗体,该Fab抗体经ELISA分析具有较高的HBsAg抗原亲和力和特异性。结果证实可以通过高密度发酵毕赤酵母工程菌来高效生产重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体,为后续的工业化生产应用奠定了基础。     

Factors affecting the fermentative production of a lysozyme-binding antibody fragment in Escherichia coli

Fed-batch fermentation for production of a single-chain Fv antibody fragment (scFv) expressed as a recombinant periplastic protein from Escherichia coli was investigated. A high cell density of 50 g dry cell weight per liter was routinely achieved in a 14-L vessel by controlled exponential feeding of glucose to impose a constant specific growth rate. Following biomass accumulation, induction of the tac promoter by addition of IPTG was accompaied by a linear feed of yeast extract. The concentration of yeast extract feed was found to be highly influential upon both concentration and location of active product. Although scFv fragments were specifically targeted to the periplasmic space, at yeast extract feed rates of 0.72 g/h the final location was largely extracellular (68% to 79%). Total concentrations (extracellular + periplasmic) were of the order of 5 to 8 mg/L. A ten-fold increase in yeast extract supply increased total scFv concentration to almost 200 mg/L and 78% of this yield was retained in the periplasm. Control of such leakage of the recombinant product is fundamental to process design of downstream operations for product recovery. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 53: 611-622, 1997.     

Production of recombinant humanized anti-HBsAg Fab fragment from Pichia pastoris by fermentation

In this report, we describe the high-yield secretory expression of the recombinant human anti-HBsAg Fab fragment from Pichia pastoris that was achieved by co-integration of the genes encoding the heavy and light chains (both under the control of alcohol oxidase promoter) into the genome of the yeast cells. The fed-batch fermentations were carried out in a 5 L scale. Both chains of the Fab were successfully expressed upon methanol induction. The absorbance (OD600) of the broth can reach 350 approximately 500 at the end of fed-batch phase. After the induction, the expression level of the recombinant Fab (soluble) reached 420 approximately 458 mg/L. The recombinant Fab fragment was purified from the crude culture supernatant by ion exchange chromatography and the purity of the recombinant Fab fragment was over 95%. The affinity activities of the crude fermentation supernatant and the purified Fab were analyzed by indirect ELISA, which showed that the purified recombinant Fab fragment had high affinity activity with hepatitis B surface antigen.     

Optimization of a mouse recombinant antibody fragment for efficient production from Escherichia coli

A mutagenized mouse recombinant antibody fragment (rFab) that recognized HIV capsid protein was isolated from Escherichia coli at a level of 12 mg per liter of culture using standard shake flask methods. This is one of the highest yields of a modified antibody fragment obtained using non-fermentor-based methods. Recombinant Fab was isolated directly from the culture medium, which lacked complex materials such as tryptone and yeast extract. Fab isolated from the periplasm was not as homogeneous as that isolated directly from the culture medium. Optimization of the culture medium using recently developed media, the use of E. coli cell lines that contained rare tRNA codons, and mutagenesis of the Fab to improve the stability of the Fab were important factors in producing high-levels of the Fab. An isolation protocol easily adaptable to automation using a thiophilic-sepharose column followed by metal-chelate chromatography and the introduction of a non-traditional metal binding site for metal-chelate purification that bypasses the conventional hexahistidine tag cleavage step (to prevent the purification tag from interfering with crystallization) are additional features of this approach to produce a highly homogenous preparation of rFab. The resulting rFab binds to its antigen, p24, equivalent in character to the monoclonal from which the rFab was originally derived.     

Development of a high yielding E. coli periplasmic expression system for the production of humanized Fab' fragments

Humanized Fab′ fragments may be produced in the periplasm of Escherichia coli but can be subject to degradation by host cell proteases. In order to increase Fab′ yield and reduce proteolysis we developed periplasmic protease deficient strains of E. coli. These strains lacked the protease activity of Tsp, protease III and DegP. High cell density fermentations indicated Tsp deficient strains increased productivity two fold but this increase was accompanied by premature cell lysis soon after the induction of Fab′ expression. To overcome the reduction in cell viability we introduced suppressor mutations into the spr gene. The mutations partially restored the wild type phenotype of the cells. Furthermore, we coexpressed a range of periplasmic chaperone proteins with the Fab′, DsbC had the most significant impact, increasing humanized Fab′ production during high cell density fermentation. When DsbC coexpression was combined with a Tsp deficient spr strain we observed an increase in yield and essentially restored “wild type” cell viability. We achieved a final periplasmic yield of over 2.4g/L (final cell density OD₆₀₀ 105), 40 h post Fab′ induction with minimal cell lysis.The data suggests that proteolysis, periplasm integrity, protein folding and disulphide bond formation are all potential limiting steps in the production of Fab′ fragments in the periplasm of E. coli. In this body of work, we have addressed these limiting steps by utilizing stabilized protease deficient strains and chaperone coexpression. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:212–220, 2017     

Optimizing the expression of a monoclonal antibody fragment under the transcriptional control of the Escherichia coli lac promoter

The expression of a monoclonal antibody Fab fragment in Escherichia coli strain RB791/pComb3, induced with either lactose or isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), was compared to determine if lactose might provide an inexpensive alternative to induction with IPTG. Induction of Fab expression imposed a metabolic load on the recombinant cells, resulting in lower final cell yields compared to the non-induced controls. An IPTG concentration of 0.05 mM was sufficient to achieve maximal expression of soluble Fab protein when inducing in the early-, mid-, or late-log phases of batch cultures grown using either glucose or glycerol as a carbon source. The largest overall yield of Fab fragments when using 0.05 mM IPTG was achieved by increasing the final yield of cells through glycerol feeding following induction in late-log phase. Lactose was as effective as IPTG for inducing Fab expression in E. coli RB791/pComb3. The greatest overall level of Fab expression was found when cells grown on glycerol were induced with 2 g/L lactose in late-log phase. Since the cost of 0.05 mM of IPTG is significantly greater than the cost of 2 g/L lactose, lactose provides an inexpensive alternative to IPTG for inducing the expression of Fab fragments, and possibly other recombinant proteins, from the E. coli lac promoter.