青海省异极藻属和桥弯藻属(硅藻门)的新变种

本文对来自青海省异极藻属和桥弯藻属(硅藻门)的三个新变种进行描述,它们是:橄榄异极藻短纹变种(Gomphonema olivaceum (Lyngbye) Kuetzing var. brevistriatum Li Y. L. et Shi, var. nov.);十字异极藻矩形变种(Gomphonema staurophorum (Pant.) Cleve-Euler var oblongum Li Y. L. et Shi, var. nov)和亚贝桥弯藻具点变种(Cymbella yabe Skvortzow var. punctata Li Y. L. et Shi, var. nov).       

新疆菱形藻属和细齿藻属(硅藻门)中国新记录植物

2001年7月至8月、2007年7月分别两次在新疆各地采集硅藻标本,经显微观察,共鉴定出菱形藻属和细齿藻属(硅藻门)中国新记录植物11种1变种,其中菱形藻属9种:额雷菱形藻(Nitzschia eglei Lange-Bertalot)、弯曲菱形藻(N.flexa Schumann)、多样菱形藻(N.diversa Hustedt)、化石菱形藻[N.fossilis (Grunow) Grunow]、吉斯纳菱形藻(N.gessneri Hustedt)、平庸菱形藻(N.inconspicua Grunow)、辐射菱形藻(N.radicula Hustedt)、常见菱形藻(N.solita Hustedt)和粗肋菱形藻(N.valdecostata Lange-Bertalot & Simonsen);细齿藻属2种1变种:科瑞提细齿藻[Denticula creticola (strup) Lange-Bertalot & Krammer]、库津细齿藻汝牧变种(D.kuetzingii var.rumrichae Krammer)和强壮细齿藻[D.valida (Pedicino) Grunow].并对其12种新记录植物的分类学特征进行了详细的描述.     

大兴安岭桥弯藻科、异极藻科中国新记录植物

在对大兴安岭沼泽硅藻进行分类学研究的过程中,观察到桥弯藻科中国新记录8个分类单位,分别为平截盘状藻Placoneis explanata(Hust.)Lange-Bertalot、类冰川盘状藻Placoneis interglacialis(Hust.)Cox、近北极桥弯藻Cymbella subarctica Krammer、佛罗伦萨弯肋藻Cymbopleura florentina(Grun.)Krammer、新异肋弯肋藻Cymbopleura neoheteropleura Krammer、近尖头弯肋藻Cymbopleura subcuspidata(Krammer)Kram-mer、近喙头弯肋藻Cymbopleura subrostrata(Cl.)Krammer、埃尔金内丝藻Encyonema elginense(Krammer)Mann。异极藻科中国新记录7个分类单位,分别为英吉利异极藻Gomphonema anglicum Ehrenb.、远距异极藻Gomphonema distans(Cl.-Eul.)Lange-Bertalot&Reichardt、肯特异极藻Gomphonema khentiiense Metzeltin,Lange-Bertalot&Nergui、李氏异极藻Gomphonema liyanlingae Metzeltin&Lange-Bertalot、铲形异极藻Gomphonema pala Reichardt、假弱小异极藻Gomphonema pseudopusillum Reichardt、箭形异极藻Gompho-nema sagitta Schumann。文章对这些种类的形态特征进行了观察,对这些种类与相似种类之间的形态差异进行了比较研究,并初步探讨了这些种类的生态分布特点。对盘状藻属Placoneis Mereschkowsky、内丝藻属Encyonema Kützing和弯肋藻属Cymbopleura(Krammer)Krammer的分类特征进行了详细的描述。     

崇明东滩硅藻植物初报

报道了2008年3月采自崇明东滩的硅藻植物共110个分类单位,包括105种5变种,隶属于2纲7目52属,其中7种1变种为中国新纪录：星形小环藻Cyclotella plitvicensis Hust.、较小侧链藻Pleurosira minor Metz.,L.-B.＆Garc.-Rodr.、较小短缝藻Eunotia minor（Kütz.）Grun.、狭长曲壳藻Achnanthes elata（Leud.-Fortm.）Gandhi、弯曲羽纹藻Pinnularia flexuosa Kram.、近弯羽纹藻近线性变种Pinnularia subgibba var.sublinearisWalth.＆Massach.、常态舟形藻Navicula normaloides Choln.和透明菱形藻Nitzschia pellucida Grun.。对崇明东滩硅藻的种类分布、生态特征进行了分析。     

大兴安岭达尔滨湖桥弯藻科（硅藻门）中国新记录植物

报道了采自大兴安岭达尔滨湖及其周围沼泽水体的硅藻门桥弯藻科中国新记录植物9种1变种,分别为新箱形桥弯藻新月变种Cymbella neocistulavar.lunataKrammer、近箱形桥弯藻Cymbella subcistulaKrammer、疏纹内丝藻Encyonema paucistriatum(Cleve-Euler)Mann、普通内丝藻Encyonema vulgareKrammer、尖锐弯肋藻Cymbopleuraacuta(Schmidt)Krammer、英吉利弯肋藻Cymbopleura anglica(Lagerstedt)Krammer、线形弯肋藻Cymbopleura linearis(Foged)Krammer、十字形弯肋藻Cymbopleura stauroneiformis(Lagerstedt)Krammer、泰尼弯肋藻Cymbopleura tynnii(Krammer)Krammer、两尖拟内丝藻Encyonopsis amphioxys(K櫣tzing)Liu et Shi。其中两尖拟内丝藻Encyonopsis am-phioxys(K櫣tzing)Liu et Shi为新组合。对这些种类进行了光镜观察,部分种类进行了扫描电镜观察,对其分类学特征进行了详细的描述,并记录了它们的生境特征。     

白洋淀硅藻分布及其与水环境的关系

记录了白洋淀不同水域发现的硅藻85个种、变种及未定种,隶属于22个科31个属,其中小环藻属(Cyclotella)、菱形藻属(Nitzschia)、美壁藻属(Caloneis)和舟形藻属(Navicula)等为优势类群。在白洋淀东北部景区水域,以梅尼小环藻(Cyclotellameneghiniana)为主;污染严重的入库河道水域,以半裸具席藻(Sellaphora seminulum)和蓝绿舟形藻(Navicula veneta)为代表;村落水域,以菱形藻属、舟形藻属硅藻为主;航道水域,以颗粒沟链藻(Aulacoseira granulata)为代表;荷塘以弯棒杆藻(Rhopalodia gibba)为代表;而鱼池以菱形藻属硅藻为主。典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)显示水体总磷浓度(total phosphorus,TP)和pH是影响白洋淀硅藻种群分布的重要因素。利用欧洲硅藻数据库对白洋淀TP和pH做了定量重建,TP为0.13-0.25 mg/L,pH为6.92-7.23,此估测值极为接近实测值。     

大兴安岭达尔滨湖菱形藻科（硅藻门）中国新记录植物

报道了采自大兴安岭达尔滨湖及其周围沼泽水体的硅藻门管壳缝目菱形藻科中国新记录植物3种、1变种,分别为Hantzschia rhaetica Meister、Hantzschia robusta Ostrup、Nitzschia dissipatavat．media（Hantzsch）Grun．、Nitzschia perminuta（Grun．）M．Peragallo。使用光学显微镜对这些种类进行了观察,对其分类学特征进行了详细的描述,并记录了它们的生境特征。     

湖北省楔桥弯藻属新种类

楔桥弯藻属(Gomphocymbella)是由Mueller在1905年建立的,它兼有桥弯藻属和异极藻属的双重特性。虽然对它的系统发育及分类问题仍在讨论之中,但一般把它归于异极藻科中。它较为罕见,至今报道的种类仅有10个左右。在我国至今只报道有一个种。近几年来,对湖北省硅藻类中的异极藻科(Gomphomenaceae)进行了分类学研究,发现有3个楔桥弯藻属的种类,其中2个为新种类：疏纹楔桥弯藻(Gomphocymbella laxistria Shi et N.Li）和不对称楔桥弯藻(G．asymmetrica Shi et N.Li);另一个种为我国首次报道的新记录：波润楔桥弯藻(G．brunii(Fricke)O．Mailer)。     

我国首次记录的菱形藻属植物

利用透射电镜(TEM)研究我国南海近岸水中的微型硅藻时,发现了菱形藻属Nitzschia Hassall在我国首次记录的5个种,它们是：趋光菱形藻N．agnita Hustedt,金色菱形藻N．aurariae Cholnoky,沟坑菱形藻N．lacuum H．Lange-Bertalot,极细菱形藻N．perspicua Cholnoky和绒毛菱形藻N．pubens Cholnoky     

桥弯藻科和异极藻科（硅藻门）植物中国7种新记录

对采自黑龙江省东南部兴凯湖湿地的100余号硅藻标本进行分类研究,共发现桥弯藻科、异极藻科（硅藻门）中国新记录植物5种2变种,分别为亚粗糙桥弯藻（Cymbella peraspera Krammer）、尖头弯肋藻［Cymbopleura cuspidata (Kützing) Krammer］、不显内丝藻高山变种（Encyonema obscurum var.alpina Krammer）、西里西亚内丝藻翼形变种（Encyonema silesiacum var.lata Krammer）、耳状异极藻（Gomphonema auritum Braun & Kützing）、棍棒异极藻（Gomphonema clava Reichardt）、极细异极藻［Gomphonema exilissimum (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt］。对其分类学特征进行了详细的描述,与同属中相似的种类进行了比较与讨论,为今后该区域的藻类研究提供了基础的资料。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.