重复异位妊娠临床分析

目的:探讨首次异位妊娠不同处理方式与重复异位妊娠的发病因素及结局。方法:回顾性调查,2005年1月~2013年12月,我院326例异位妊娠,其中筛除双侧输卵管切除或绝育术者20例,年龄巳达绝经期者2例,对294例重复异位妊娠、异位妊娠发生的情况,以及首次异位妊娠的治疗方法进行分析,重复异位妊娠中前末次妊娠的情况,重复异位妊娠与首次异位妊娠所见输卵管炎症情况之间的关系。结果:294例弄位妊娠中发生重复异位妊娠27例,发生率9%,手术治疗(开腹清除病例输卵管,不包括切除或结扎对侧输卵量)96例,发生重复异位妊娠17例,发生率15.9%。药物保守治疗(指M·T·X分次肌注加中药口服外敷治疗)组192例,发生重复宫外孕12例,发生率5.2%,两者间差异有显著性(P0.05)。输卵管有肉眼炎症表现者85%病例重复异位妊娠发生在炎症侧,而重复异位妊娠发生在无肉眼炎症侧者仅为34%(P0.01)。结论:输卵管炎症与手术治疗异位妊娠是重复异位妊娠的危险因素,药物保守治疗发生重复异位妊娠率要比手术治疗发生重复异位妊娠率要低。     

腹腔镜下输卵管妊娠的保守性手术治疗

目的:分析腹腔镜下保守性手术治疗输卵管妊娠的疗效及临床应用价值。方法:对2009年1月～2011年12月就诊于本院妇产科的80例输卵管妊娠患者进行腹腔镜下输卵管开窗术及挤压法清除输卵管妊娠胚胎,患侧输卵管系膜下注射甲氨蝶呤(MTX)50mg及稀释垂体后叶素3IU。结果:80例输卵管妊娠患者腹腔镜下的保守手术均取得成功,均顺利保留了输卵管。无中转开腹的病例,术后未发现有并发症的患者,有2例发生持续性异位妊娠。手术所需时间为(52±14)min,手术过程中出血量(28±16)mL,术后住院天数平均5.5 d。术后输卵管通畅率达88.75%。结论:腹腔镜下行保守手术保留生育功能,手术所需时间短、术中出血量少,术后恢复快。     

输卵管性不孕患者IVF助孕后自然妊娠--附13例临床分析

目的:探讨输卵管性不孕患者进行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)后自然妊娠的可能性以及与发生自然妊娠相关的临床条件。方法:对1999年11月至2007年6月于本院生殖中心因输卵管因素不孕进行IVF的患者进行随访,回顾性分析IVF后发生自然妊娠的13例患者的临床特征、IVF助孕情况和自然妊娠情况。结果:13例输卵管因素不孕患者行IVF治疗时的年龄为31.8±4岁(27-41岁),不孕年限5.2±2.2年(2-8年)。行IVF治疗发生生化妊娠1例,流产1例,单胎足月分娩1例。11例患者在IVF后6月内发生自然妊娠,另2例分别在IVF后2年和8年发生自然妊娠。其中,2例有异位妊娠史的患者发生对侧输卵管妊娠,1例发生流产,7例已生育健康后代,3例正处于中孕期。结论:输卵管因素不孕患者行IVF后仍有可能发生自然妊娠,尤其是年轻(<35岁)患者。IVF失败或放弃IVF治疗后患者心理状态的变化,也可能有助于激发其生育潜能,促成自然妊娠的发生。     

天花粉蛋白治疗异位妊娠12例疗效观察

异位妊娠是妇科的急腹症之一 ,以输卵管妊娠最常见 ,占 95%以上 [1]。我站 1 995年 1 0月至 1 998年 1 0月 ,应用天花粉蛋白保守治疗早期输卵管妊娠 1 2例 ,效果良好。现报道如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　 1 2例异位妊娠患者 ,年龄在 2 4～40岁 ,平均 32岁。其中首次妊娠 2例 ,孕 2～ 3次6例 ,带器妊娠 2例 ,绝育手术后妊娠 2例。身体状况良好 ,估计输卵管妊娠未破裂或内出血少 ,无应用天花粉蛋白禁忌症。1 .2　症状与体征　停经 34～ 62天 ,其中停经 <50天 8例 ,>50天 3例 ,1例无停经史。均有阵发性腹痛 ,肛内坠胀感 ,阴道呈点滴状出…     

输卵管妊娠腹腔镜根治术后持续性异位妊娠原因分析及对策

目的探讨输卵管妊娠腹腔镜根治术后持续性异位妊娠发生的原因,以寻求针对性的处理方法。方法回顾分析我院2007年1月至2009年1月670例输卵管妊娠患者行腹腔镜下输卵管切除术,术后发生持续性异位妊娠共6例。结果4例采用药物保守治疗成功,2例保守治疗无效行手术治疗后成功。结论在手术过程中尽量避免输卵管妊娠物直接经Troca钳夹取出,防止残留于Troca、勺状钳、冲洗棒头端等操作器械上的绒毛组织再次带入腹腔,可能有助于有效阻断持续性异位妊娠的形成。     

中西药结合保守治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效分析

目的探讨中西药结合保守治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效。方法收集我院2014年3月-2015年3月间收治的异位妊娠患者100例,随机分为观察组及对照组,各50例。对照组实施西药治疗,观察组实施中西医结合保守治疗。结果观察组总有效率96%明显高于对照组患者总有效率84%,观察组患者止血时间以及包块消失时间均明显低于对照组,差异均为显著性差异(P0.05),有统计学意义。结论中西药结合保守治疗是治疗异位妊娠患者的有效方法,其治疗效果明显高于常规西药治疗,在临床上值得推广应用。     

输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠情况及其影响因素分析

目的:总结输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠情况,并分析其影响因素。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年1月于我院行输卵管妊娠手术的86例患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析所有患者的临床及随访资料,记录并总结所有患者年龄、孕次、产次、月经史、不孕史、血人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)水平、妊娠部位、手术情况、避孕方式以及疾病史等和术后重复性异位妊娠发生情况,并比较不同特征患者术后重复性异位妊娠的发生率,分析影响输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠情况的影响因素。结果:至随访结束,86例输卵管妊娠手术患者术后出现重复性异位妊娠者22例,发生率为25.58%;年龄越大、孕、产次越多、HCG水平越高、存在不孕史、异位妊娠史、输卵管手术史、盆腔感染史以及开腹手术、双侧输卵管粘连及闭锁和长期放置宫内节育器进行避孕的患者其输卵管妊娠术后重复性异位妊娠发生率均明显较高(P0.05);经多因素Logistic回归模型分析可得存在不孕史、盆腔感染史、异位妊娠史、输卵管手术史、输卵管双侧粘连及闭锁以及开腹手术是输卵管妊娠手术患者术后重复性异位妊娠发生的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠不可忽视,而对于存在不孕史、盆腔感染史、异位妊娠史、输卵管手术史、输卵管双侧粘连及闭锁以及开腹手术的输卵管妊娠手术患者则应及时治疗不孕症,尽可能选择腹腔镜手术来降低患者术后重复性异位妊娠,以此提高患者术后生育能力。     

死胎的病因及终止妊娠的方式分析

目的：探讨死胎的病因及终止妊娠的方式。方法：收集我院住院分娩的死胎病例23 例,对孕妇一般资料、死胎发生原因、终 止妊娠方式进行统计分析。结果：①死胎发生孕妇中,年龄＞36 岁者最多,共8 例,占34.8%,孕周在28-36+6 周的孕妇数最多,共 10 例,占43.5%,初产妇17 例,占73.9%,有流产史孕妇9 例,占39.1%;②在所有病因中,脐带因素占比最大,共11 例,占47.8%, 其次为胎盘因素和母体因素,各5 例,各占21.7%,胎儿原因与不明原因各2 例,各占8.7%;③在对终止妊娠方式的选择上,施行 羊膜腔穿刺引产例数最多,共13 例,占56.5%,其次为剖宫产,共5 例,占21.7%,米索流产3 例,占13.0%,自娩患者2 例,占 8.7%。结论：脐带因素为造成死胎发生的主要原因,其次为胎盘因素及母体因素,应对孕妇进行全面的孕期检查及孕期健康教育, 以减少死胎的发生,并选择合适的终止妊娠方式以减轻孕妇痛苦。     

超声引导下经阴道细针穿刺注射5-FU治疗宫外孕的疗效观察

目的：探讨超声引导下经阴道应用细针穿刺注射5-FU介入治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效。方法：超声引导下经阴道用18G及22GPTC针对42例未破裂型异位妊娠病灶进行穿刺抽吸囊液后,注射5．氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）及氨甲喋呤（MTX）治疗,进行疗效观察。结果：应用22G细针穿刺,一次性穿刺成功病例21例,成功率100％;穿刺出血病例3例,穿刺后出血发生率14．2％。对照组18G粗针穿刺,分别为15例、71．4％;9例、42．8％;差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。注射5-FU术1周病人血HCG测量值及异位妊娠病灶缩小或消失率达到90．4％、治疗方法有效率为95．2％,对照组注射MTX分别为71．4％、80．9％;差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：超声引导下经阴道22G细针穿刺注射5．Fu治疗未破裂型宫外孕较18G粗针及注射MIX疗效显著,成功率高、副反应少,为临床保守治疗未破裂型异位妊娠穿刺针型号及用药种类的选择提供了一种新的方法,有一定的临床应用价值。     

输卵管通水术268例临床分析

目的:探讨输卵管炎性不孕症通水试验的诊断及治疗的临床意义。方法:回顾分析对268例输卵管炎性不孕患者行输卵管通水术后的疗效。结果:来我院进行通水试验治疗的268例输卵管炎性不孕症患者,其中原发性不孕症67例,占发病总数的25%;继发性不孕201例,占75%。经通水反复局部药物治疗,严重者加全身治疗后,输卵管完全通畅者244例,成功率91.04%,术后随访宫内妊娠238例,有效治愈率达88.81%;发生异位妊娠3例,占1.12%。仅有24例经通水治疗无效后行输卵管碘油造影,术后宫内妊娠4例。输卵管通水治疗当月受孕占14.2%。结论:输卵管通水术是诊断和治疗输卵管炎性不孕症的有效方法,早期性生活是否有利于输卵管功能的恢复,有待进一步探讨。     

四维子宫输卵管超声造影假阳性与假阴性的原因分析

目的:调查与分析四维子宫输卵管超声造影假阳性与假阴性的原因。方法:选择2015年6月到2019年8月在本院妇产科临床初步诊断为输卵管不孕症患者125例,所有患者都给予X线子宫输卵管碘油造影(Hysterosalp ingography,HSG)与四维子宫输卵管超声造影,记录诊断效果、不良反应,判断假阳性与假阴性的发生原因。结果:在125例患者中,HSG诊断输卵管通畅33例,通而不畅72例,阻塞20例;四维超声造影诊断为输卵管通畅33例,通而不畅74例,阻塞18例。将HSG检查作为金标准,四维超声造影检查输卵管阻塞准确率93.6%,Kappa值=0.929(P<0.05),出现假阳性与假阴性共8例。四维超声造影检查期间发生的阴道少量出血、造影剂过敏、恶心呕吐、腹痛等不良反应发生率为2.4%,显著低于HSG检查的13.6%(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示合并糖尿病、产次、初潮年龄、孕次与四维子宫输卵管超声造影的假阳性与假阴性显著相关(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示合并糖尿病、产次、初潮年龄为导致四维子宫输卵管超声造影假阳性与假阴性的主要原因(P<0.05)。结论:四维子宫输卵管超声造影可实时动态观察输卵管通畅情况,应用安全性也比较好,但是也存在假阳性与假阴性情况,合并糖尿病、产次、初潮年龄为导致四维子宫输卵管超声造影假阳性与假阴性的主要原因。     

Early diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy

During the period from 1995 to 1999, 64 patients were treated for ectopic pregnancy. All patients admitted to the department passed the same procedure including (complete preoperative laboratory findings, Beta HCG, serum progesterone and transvaginal colour Doppler). In patients who had ultrasound finding typical for ectopic pregnancy in combination with positive Beta HCG, conservative treatment was primarily done. In the rest of the patients, Beta HCG was tested every second day and in combination with the clinical and vaginosonographical findings the patients underwent diagnostic or operative laparoscopy. Out of 64 patients 36 had visible ectopic pregnancy when admitted to the clinical department. Three patients had no visible ectopic pregnancy neither at the time of their admission to the department nor at the time of laparoscopy. One of them had cervical pregnancy and the other two had pregnancies in the uterine part of the tube. The patient with cervical pregnancy was treated with metrotrexat (MTX) 12 mg daily in 5 doses. One patient with cornual pregnancy was treated with high doses of oxytocin infusion in combination with MEB intravenously 3 x 1 amp. The other patient with cornual pregnancy underwent laparoscopy with cornual resection and salpingectomy. Four of other tubar pregnancies were treated with metrotrexat 12 mg/day for 5 days. Other ectopic pregnancies were treated as follows: 36 laparoscopic salpingectomies, 10 laparoscopic salpingotomies with ovum expression, 9 adnexectomies by laparotomy, and 2 laparoscopic adnexectomies.     

Expression of P450 aromatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 at fetal-maternal interface during tubal pregnancy

Steroidogenesis in the placenta has been studied widely, but little is known about steroid metabolism in ectopic pregnancy. Previous studies have indicated that trophoblast invasion and placentation in the uterus and the fallopian tube may be controlled by similar mechanisms. As far as 17β-estradiol (E₂) production is concerned, it has been well demonstrated that its biosynthesis in the placenta involves the action of P450 aromatase (P450arom) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17HSD1). The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression pattern of P450arom and 17HSD1 at the fetal–maternal interface, particularly in various trophoblast cells, in tubal pregnancy. Using in situ hybridization, P450arom mRNA was localized in syncytiotrophoblast (ST) cells, which are mainly responsible for hormone production during pregnancy, whereas no signal was detected in villous cytotrophoblast (VCT), column CT and extravillous CT (EVCT) cells. Immunohistochemical assays revealed that 17HSD1 is present in ST cells, a large portion of EVCT cells and 20% of column CT cells. On the other hand, no expression of 17HSD1 was detected in VCT cells. In addition, 17HSD1 was found in epithelial cells of the fallopian tube. Interestingly, the expression level of 17HSD1 in fallopian tube epithelium during tubal pregnancy was significantly higher than that during normal cycle. Our data provide the first evidence that normal and tubal pregnancies possess identical expression of P450arom and 17HSD1 in ST cells and therefore, similar E₂ production in the placenta. Further, the association of 17HSD1 with EVCT cells indicates that 17HSD1 perhaps play a role in trophoblast invasion. Finally, increased expression of 17HSD1 in epithelial cells of fallopian tube may lead to a local E₂ supply sufficient for the maintenance of tubal pregnancy.     

PENICILLIN AS AN ETIOLOGIC FACTOR IN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

Among patients observed in private practice the incidence of ectopic pregnancy trebled after the advent of penicillin therapy in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. In seven of eleven cases of ectopic pregnancy in a two-year period, the patients had had penicillin therapy previously. A probable explanation is that in cases in which the fallopian tube is closed by inflammation, it reopens following penicillin therapy but, because of residual damage, the ovum may not descend to the uterine cavity and is impregnated in the tube.     

325例腹腔镜附件手术的临床分析

目的:评价腹腔镜在附件疾病治疗中的价值及安全性。方法:回顾性分析325例附件良性疾病腹腔镜手术治疗情况。随机选取妇科附件良性肿瘤、异位妊娠、输卵管粘连及伞端不通、卵巢破裂、巧克力囊肿,卵巢冠囊肿等病例;采用腹腔镜手术治疗。术式根据病情不同,采取卵巢(冠)囊肿剥除术、附件切除术、输卵管切除术及造口术。结果:腹腔镜手术占同期手术42．54%,手术成功率100%,发生并发症5例(1．54%)。结论:腹腔镜微创手术,副作用少,适应证掌握得当,妇科大部分附件手术可在腹腔镜下完成。     

Female sterilization by Falope ring ligation.

Sterilization with the Falope Ring may be performed by means of laparoscopy of the minilaparotomy. This technique avoids the potential hazards of electrocoagulation, such as intestinal burns. Among the 825 cases reported in this paper there was only one serious complication, an ectopic pregnancy. One other patient had an undetected early pregnancy at the time of sterilization. Two patients became pregnant 4 and 42 month after the procedure. In most cases a diagnostic dilatation and curettage was done before hand. Pathological study of the fallopian tubes of one patient 28 days after the ring was applied revealed complete occlusion of the buckled segment of each tube. Falope Ring sterilization is simple, effective and safe, and the rate of subsequent pregnancy is lower than with conventional burning or clipping techniques.     

Ectopic Pregnancy: A Statistical Review of 360 Cases

In a statistical analysis of 360 cases of ectopic pregnancy admitted to the Montreal General Hospital over a 20-year period ending December 1964, ectopic gestation occurred once in every 83 admissions to the gynecological service. This incidence has remained constant over the years. Only one out of four patients had had more than one child and 30% of the patients had absolute or relative infertility. Diagnosis was delayed or not made in 58 patients. There was evidence that neurogenic factors play a role in the etiology of ectopic gestation. Ten per cent of the patients had had a previous operation for the same condition. Symptomatology is variable and the possibility of ectopic pregnancy must never be overlooked in a woman of child-bearing age. Once the diagnosis is made the treatment is early operation. The morbidity rate in this series was 28% and there was one death.     

米非司酮联合中药保守治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨米非司酮结合中药治疗异位妊娠的临床效果。方法:将临床确诊为未破裂异位妊娠患者,按入院日期的单双日随机分为两组,米非司酮结合中药治疗异位妊娠为观察组(50例),单纯用甲氨蝶呤治疗异位妊娠为对照组(50例)。比较两组治疗成功率、血β-HCG降至正常天数及其影响因素。结果:观察组治疗成功率84%,高于对照组治疗成功率70%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组比较,血β-HCG降至正常所需的时间明显缩短、包块缩小快,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:米非司酮结合中药治疗异位妊娠疗效高、疗程短、不良反应少,具有推广价值。     

mtDNA m.3635G>A may be classified as a common primary mutation for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in the Chinese population

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and exerts its actions via ionotropic (GABA_A and GABA_C) and metabotropic (GABA_B) receptors. The GABA_B receptor is a dimer composed of R1 and R2 components. In addition to their location on neurons, GABA and functional GABA_B receptors also have been detected in some peripheral tissues. In the present study, we combined immunohistochemistry, immunoblot and tension recording to determine if the human fallopian tube express glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65/67), two isoforms for synthesis of GABA and functional GABA_B receptors. Immunoblots showed that the human fallopian tube tissue contained GABA_BR1 protein which was localized in the epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells by immunohistochemistry. In addition, epithelial cells also expressed GAD65/67. Tension recording found that both GABA and baclofen, a GABA_B receptor agonist increased the spontaneous activity of human fallopian tube. The expressions of GABA_BR and GAD65/67 were significantly upregulated in the ectopic pregnancy group than in the intrauterine pregnancy group. We conclude that the human fallopian tube is capable of synthesizing GABA and expresses functionally active GABA_B receptors. An upregulation of GABA synthesis and corresponding GABA_B receptors may involve in ectopic pregnancy.