小浪底水库调水调沙对壶口至三门峡段鱼类群落结构的影响

为了了解小浪底水库调水调沙对黄河壶口至三门峡段鱼类群落结构的影响,于2011年调水调沙实验前后对壶口至三门峡段鱼类资源进行了调查。结果表明:调水调沙前鱼类种类组成为26种,调水调沙后为35种;调水调沙后,三门峡库区种类组成及渔获物均下降,主要以餐条等小型鱼类为主,壶口至潼关段鱼类种类及渔获物均有增加,但主要以小型鱼类为主;成鱼资源量显著减少;对比调水调沙前、后多样性指数分析表明,三门峡水库变化较明显;并对如何保护黄河中游鱼类资源提出了一些建议。     

调水调沙工程黄河口近岸沉积物重金属和砷含量的空间分布及其生态风险评估

为了明确调水调沙工程长期影响下黄河口近岸沉积物中重金属含量的分布特征及其生态风险,基于2012年黄河口近岸27个站位的表层沉积物样品,通过ICP-MS测定重金属(Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cu、Cd)和砷(As)含量,并运用潜在生态风险指数法(RI)对其进行生态风险评估。结果表明:近岸沉积物中重金属和As的平均含量表现为AsZnCrNiPbCuCd。Cr、Ni、Cu和Pb四种元素的分布规律较为一致,整体呈现出近岸和近黄河口高而远离河口和岸线低的空间分异特征。Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn与粘土均呈极显著或显著正相关(P0.01或P0.05),而Cd、Cr和As与其相关性均未达到显著水平(P0.05)。近岸沉积物中6种重金属和As的平均单项潜在生态风险指数大小顺序整体表现为CdAsNiPbCuCrZn。就潜在生态风险(RI)而言,研究区域18.52%的站位属轻微生态危害,70.07%的站位属中等生态危害,7.41%的站位属强生态危害,Cd和As是造成危害的两种主要元素。近岸沉积物中重金属和As的来源复杂且多样,主要是由于农业化肥使用、海上石油开采和泄漏、化石燃料燃烧以及河口污染物输入所致。对比研究发现,随着调水调沙工程的长期实施,除Cd和As外沉积物中其他重金属含量均呈下降趋势,说明二者的生态风险将会随调水调沙的长期实施呈增加趋势,而其他重金属的生态风险将呈降低趋势,故未来应重点关注近岸沉积物中Cd和As的生态毒理风险。     

黄河调水调沙对河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构的影响

为了解调水调沙(Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme, WSRS)对黄河口海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的群落结构和时空分布格局的影响,分别于2017年(非调水调沙年)和2018年(调水调沙年)的6—7月在黄河口海域利用水平拖网开展了6个航次的鱼卵、仔稚鱼调查。运用聚类分析和冗余分析(RDA)等方法对该海域非调水调沙年和调水调沙年的鱼卵、仔稚鱼丰度和群落结构的空间分布及环境因子状况等进行了综合的分析比较,结果表明:6个航次调查共采获鱼卵6212粒,仔稚鱼431尾,隶属于8目12科14属,其中,河口定居性鱼类短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyeri)为控制黄河口及邻近海域夏季鱼类浮游生物群落演替格局的主要种类;鱼卵受环流和调水调沙的共同影响,其空间分布在各调查阶段有所不同,仔稚鱼则趋向于在河口近岸海域分布;河口东北部及东南部靠近莱州湾区域是黄河口及邻近海域鱼类浮游生物群落的主要聚集区;调水调沙年鱼卵、仔稚鱼的采获总量以及底层鱼类鱼卵的采获数量均明显高于非调水调沙年,调水调沙带来的丰富径流和泥沙有利于黄河口海域渔业资源的补充;冗余分析结果表明,海洋鱼类的群落结构与环境...     

大亚湾及邻近海域重金属污染的研究进展

综述了大亚湾及其邻近海域的海水、沉积物以及生物体中重金属的浓度水平、赋存形态、时空分布以及潜在生态风险等的研究进展。现有的研究表明, 大亚湾海域海水中重金属污染程度较轻, 但部分海域的Cu、Pb、Zn 有超标现象; 沉积物中重金属主要为残渣态, 污染程度较轻, 重金属含量呈增加的趋势, 尤其是Hg、Cd 的潜在危害较高;海产品中重金属浓度水平较低, 但底栖生物中Cd 含量水平存在一定的生态风险。综合现有研究资料, 大亚湾海域有机重金属化合物的污染状况研究, 同位素示踪技术分析重金属来源以及膜扩散梯度技术等在大亚湾重金属污染调查中的应用等方面仍需要进一步开展。     

基于等级模型的考洲洋石油烃污染状况

通过等级模型的创建,在G IS的支持下,对1999年2月(枯水期)和8月(丰水期)考洲洋表层海水和表层沉积物的石油烃水平进行了综合的分析和评价。枯水期湾内表层海水的石油烃含量为0.036~0.060m g/L,水平为2~3级,已受到一定程度的石油烃污染;丰水期表层海水的石油烃含量均低于0.050m g/L,为1~2级水平,整个水域石油烃污染程度较轻。枯水期湾内表层沉积物石油烃含量的变化范围较大,为16.0×10-6~657.0×10-6(干重),处于1~3级水平,其中湾中部至北部沿岸大部分水域表层沉积物的石油烃水平相对较高,为2~3级水平,表明该片水域表层沉积物已受到一定程度的石油烃污染;丰水期湾内表层沉积物的石油烃污染程度较枯水期轻,整个水域的石油烃含量均低于500.0×10-6(干重),其中除吉隆河口附近水域的含量稍高,为2级水平外,其余绝大部分水域均为1级水平。通过G IS的加权运算,分别将表层海水和表层沉积物的石油烃水平进行综合的分级评价,评价结果显示考洲洋石油烃的综合水平在2个调查季节的变化趋势分别与表层沉积物石油烃的变化趋势极为相似,调查期间整个水域石油烃的综合污染水平较低,为1~2级水平。2个调查航次相比,表层海水和表层沉积物石油烃平均含量均为枯水期>丰水期。而从各个站位石油烃的含量水平来看,除个别站位外,绝大多数站位表层海水和表层沉积物石油烃含量的季节变化趋势均表现为枯水期>丰水期。     

珠江口表层沉积物石油类含量、分布及变化趋势

采用紫外分光光度法测定了2006、2009、2010和2011年夏季珠江口表层沉积物中的石油类含量,并与历史数据进行了比较。结果表明:5年中夏季珠江口表层沉积物的石油类平均含量分别为127.2μg/g、318.0μg/g、134.1μg/g、和118.5μg/g;珠江口内站位的石油类含量明显高于口外站位;相同站位的石油类含量年际间波动较大;本世纪的石油类含量明显高于二十世纪八九十年代。以《海洋沉积物质量》第一类标准来评价,4年珠江口表层沉积物石油类含量的站位超标率分别为0、25%、10%和5%。影响珠江口海域沉积物中石油类含量的主要因素有陆源排污输入、溢油和水动力条件等。     

河口潮间带沉积物重金属累积及生态风险评价

于2015年7月份在闽江口鳝鱼滩湿地布设两条样带(T1和T2),并分别选取5个采样点采集沉积物样品。因重金属Co和V对动物和人类会造成一定危害,且闽江河口潮间带Co和V的研究较少,则对其理化性质、Co和V的空间分布特征以及污染程度等进行了研究,旨在为Co和V的污染研究提供参考。结果显示,该沉积物中Co和V的平均浓度分别为15.19 mg/kg、102.94 mg/kg,均高于福建省背景浓度,与其他河口对比,Co和V浓度处于中等水平。Co和V的含量由陆向海方向略有下降。地累积指数法分析得出沉积物中Co含量呈现轻度污染状态,V呈现无污染状态。此外,Co和V的潜在生态危害系数E_r~i分别为7.24—14.85和1.47—4.17,表明潜在生态危害轻微,闽江河口潮间带沉积物中Co和V属于轻度污染。     

渤海莱州湾表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布特征及其环境意义

对渤海莱州湾海域240个站位表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫群落进行了分析,共鉴定常见的底栖有孔虫42种。结果表明,莱州湾表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫主要以玻璃质壳为主(平均丰度达70.9%),瓷质壳含量次之,胶结壳含量最低;玻璃质壳占有孔虫全群的百分含量,随水深的增加而增加;从黄河口向外海方向,有孔虫分异度和丰度都逐渐增大。该海域底栖有孔虫平面分布的主要控制因素为盐度和底质沉积物类型,大体可分为两个组合分区,I区为Ammonia beccarii-Quinqueloculina spp.组合,代表盐度较低的近岸海陆过渡浅水环境;II区为Cribrononionsub-incertum-Protelphidium tuberculatum组合,代表盐度较高的远岸内陆架环境。     

褐菖鲉肝CYP 1A作为生物标志物监测厦门海域石油污染状况

以褐菖鲉为实验鱼类,以鱼肝微粒体CYP1A 生物标志物(EROD活性和CYP1A蛋白表达量)为指标,在厦门海域开展了两次野外监测实验,研究EROD活性和CYP1A蛋白表达量的变化,以及它们与海水和沉积物中石油类和重金属含量之间的相关性。结果表明,在现场属于一类海水的石油类浓度(0.0121-0.0242 mg/L)条件下,石油类就能够显著诱导褐菖鲉肝EROD活性和CYP1A蛋白表达量,鱼肝EROD活性和CYP1A蛋白表达量与海水中石油类含量均呈现极显著正相关,CYP1A蛋白表达量比EROD活性较为敏感和稳定。此外,在监测实验中,尚未发现这两种生物标志物受所监测海区的海水和沉积物重金属含量的影响。因此,利用褐菖鲉肝微粒体EROD活性和CYP1A蛋白表达量作为生物标志物监测海洋石油类及其PAHs污染是可行的,在海洋环境石油类污染监测及其生化效应评价中具有重要的应用价值。而且,把这两种生物标志物结合起来加以研究并推广应用将更有意义。     

南通如东滩涂文蛤产地环境中石油烃污染评价

南通如东滩涂是文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)的重要产地,本研究于2010年3、5、8和11月对该地区文蛤生长环境及体内的石油烃( TPHs)含量与分布进行了调查.研究表明:表层海水中各季均出现油类轻度污染站位,其中夏秋2季的油类污染程度略高于冬春;虽然4季沉积物中油类含量均符合《海洋沉积物质量》Ⅰ类标准,但沉积物中油类含量的季节变化显著,最高值出现在夏季,这可能与该时间段内的潮流冲刷等因素导致的沉积物机械组成不同有关;文蛤体内TPHs平均含量的季节分布为春季＞夏季＞冬季＞秋季.文蛤体内TPHs含量易受沉积物和水体中油类含量的影响.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.