纳他霉素发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化

采用Plackett-Burman法、最陡爬坡实验和响应面实验(Box-Behnken设计法)相结合的方法对褐黄孢链霉菌合成纳他霉素的发酵培养基及发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,培养基中的蛋白胨、pH和摇瓶装液量是影响纳他霉素产量的主要因素。优化后的培养基组成为葡萄糖50 g/L、蛋白胨19.5 g/L、酵母粉7 g/L、pH 7.4~7.5;发酵条件为装液量60 mL/500 mL、接种量15%、发酵温度29℃、摇床转速200 r/min、发酵周期96 h。此条件下,纳他霉素的产量较优化前提高了94%,达到2.19 g/L。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌Bt0601发酵条件的优化研究

应用正交实验和单因子实验,结合杀虫毒力测定,对携带杀虫基因cry1Ac和虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素基因Hwtx-I的苏云金芽胞杆菌工程菌Bt 0601的发酵工艺条件进行研究。实验获得的苏云金芽胞杆菌Bt 0601工程菌的最佳发酵条件为:发酵初始酸碱度控制在pH 7.5、发酵温度(30±0.5)℃、转速200 r/min、通气量为30 mL/300 mL,接种量为4%,培养44 h。此外,本文还对Bt 0601菌株在30 L发酵罐中的发酵特性进行了研究,摸索了通气量对其大罐发酵的影响,确定大罐发酵的最佳通气量为1.75 L/min。     

产Epothilone B纤维堆囊菌的选育与发酵优化

目的:获得高产Epothilone B菌株和最佳营养条件及发酵条件。方法:采用紫外线照射的方法对实验室保存的1株纤纤堆囊菌AHB125进行诱变处理,并采用单因素和正交实验优化培养基中的碳源、氮源和发酵条件。结果:经诱变后获得1株遗传性能稳定变异菌株(SC4-56),Epothilone B产量为14.6mg/L,比初始菌株高195%;该菌株最佳碳源和氮源为6%玉米淀粉和3%蛋白胨,产量分别为20.5和21.8 mg/L;最佳发酵条件为:转速160r/min,温度32℃,接种量8%(V/V),装液量90 mL/500mL,优化后经验证实验,Epothilone B达28.24 mg/L。结论:获得了1株高产量变异菌株,并确定了最佳生产条件。     

一株纤溶酶高产菌株的发酵特性研究

筛选了一株产纤溶酶能力较强的芽孢细菌,本文对其液体发酵条件进行了优化,结果表明菌株产酶最佳条件为:可溶性淀粉4%,蛋白胨2%,柠檬酸铁铵0.1%,磷酸钙0.4%,接种量2%,pH 7.5,发酵时间96 h,装瓶量75/500(mL/mL),摇床温度37℃,转速150 rpm,在该条件下产酶酶活可达581.81 IU/mL。     

链霉菌FIM-0916产安福霉素的发酵条件优化

本文采用单因素和正交试验设计,对链霉菌 Streptomyces canus sp. FIM-0916产安福霉素的发酵培养基配方及发酵条件进行了优化。优化后的最佳培养基配方为：蔗糖1.5%,黄豆粉1.0%,组氨酸0.1%,KNO3 0.1%, CaCO3 0.1%。最佳发酵条件为：种子菌龄54 h,装液量120 mL/500 mL,接种量2%,发酵温度28℃,摇床转速250 r/min;最佳发酵时间为5 d。在该优化条件下,安福霉素的发酵效价比对照提高248%,为安福霉素的后续开发奠定了基础。     

一株PCBs降解菌株分离鉴定及其酶学性质

从废旧变压器周围采取的土样中分离出一株多氯联苯降解菌,实验证明该菌株能以联苯作为唯一的碳源生长,经分子生物学鉴定,确定为枯草杆菌,编号为WF1。分别研究温度、pH值、底物浓度等因素对2,3’,4’,5—四氯联苯降解率的影响,确定其最佳产酶条件为发酵温度35℃、pH值7.0、装液量100 mL以下、接种量4%、PCBs起始浓度0.2 mg/L,250 mL三角烧瓶中150 r/min下振荡培养3 d。酶促反应的最适反应温度为35℃,最适pH值7.5。     

蜡质芽孢杆菌DLSL-2发酵条件探讨及培养基优化

对蜡质芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)DLSL2深层液体发酵的主要影响因子温度、转速、初始pH值等进行了单因素实验探讨,确定了最佳培养条件:温度为30℃、转速为250r/min、初始pH值为7.0。并用均匀设计法对其发酵培养基进行了优化,优化验证实验结果为7.1×109cfu/mL明显高于原发酵培养基结果3.2×109cfu/mL。     

产弹性蛋白酶菌种的筛选及发酵条件优化研究

从合肥肉联厂附近的土壤和污水中分离得到19株产弹性蛋白酶菌株,初步鉴定该菌株属于假单胞菌属.经过发酵复筛有三株产酶能力超过15u/mL.实验对菌株最佳产酶发酵条件进行了优化2%干酪素、0.5%葡萄糖、0.4%酵母膏、0.2% K2HPO4、0.01% MgSO4·7H2O;起始pH值7.0;最适发酵温度为30℃;装液量为25mL/250mL;该菌株在28h左右产弹性蛋白酶的量达18u/mL.     

D-核糖发酵条件研究

对枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis ptn15-1的发酵条件进行优化。采用优化后的培养基对发酵液的pH、发酵温度、摇床转速、接种量、装液量等进行单因素实验。确定发酵最适发酵条件为：pH7.0,发酵温度37℃;摇床转速180r/min,接种量10%,300mL三角瓶装30mL发酵液,发酵时间为68h。在此条件下,该菌的D-核糖产量从31.7g/L提高到43.1g/L,提高了35.9%。     

竹黄产胞外多糖液态培养条件优化

目的:优化竹黄Shiraia sp. SUPER-H168产胞外多糖的液态培 养基组成和发酵条件.方法:通过单因素和正交试验优化培养基组成和发酵条件,在65L气升式发酵罐中进行验证试验.结果:经分析确定最佳培 养基组成为(g/L)葡萄糖40,玉米浆粉3,KH2PO4 1,MgSO4*7H2O 0.05;最佳发酵条件为起始pH 6.0,温度30℃,装液量75mL/250mL,接种量10%(v/v).在此条件下,摇瓶中 生物量及多糖分别达到11.7g/L和1.12g/L,验证试验中分别可达到12.1g/L和1.35g/L.结论:放大试验结果优于摇瓶水平,实验数据对生产有一定指导作用.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV