β-葡聚糖酶高产菌株BS9418F的选育及其发酵条件的研究

经60 Coγ射线辐照处理获得的诱变菌株芽孢杆菌BS9418F ,其产酶活力比出发菌株提高 30 %以上。该菌株以大麦粉 7%、玉米粉 3%、豆粕 3%及适量无机盐为培养基最佳配比 ,其最适培养条件为 :培养基初始 pH 7.0 ,摇瓶装量 5 0mL/ 30 0mL三角瓶 ,种龄 16～ 2 0h ,接种量 2 %～ 3% ,培养温度 36～ 37℃ ,发酵周期 40h。在优化条件下 ,摇瓶发酵产 β 葡聚糖酶活力高达 5 5 0 0u/mL以上 ,比出发菌株初始发酵水平提高了 4倍以上     

嗜碱芽孢杆菌XE22-4-1碱性弹性蛋白酶发酵条件的研究

从西藏天然碱湖中筛选到一株产碱性弹性蛋白酶 (alkalineelastase)菌株 ,最适生长pH为 1 0 0 ,经鉴定为Bacillussp .,编号XE2 2 4 1。该菌产酶最适碳源为 2 %葡萄糖 ,氮源为0 2 5%酵母粉 ,豆饼粉对发酵产酶有促进作用。 2L发酵罐实验表明 ,溶解氧是影响该菌株产酶的重要因素。通过提高通气量和改变搅拌速度 ,该菌株可在发酵 48h内达到产酶高峰 ,酶活力最高达 2 66u mL     

5′-磷酸二酯酶高产菌株的选育和发酵培养条件的优化

以ATCC14994为出发菌株,采用紫外线与亚硝基胍相结合的多次诱变育种,获得1株5′-磷酸二酯酶高产菌株HAT2228.通过单因子和正交试验对该菌株的产酶发酵条件进行了优化,优化发酵产酶条件为:蔗糖5%,酵母膏0 3%,蛋白胨0.3%,K2HPO4 0.8%,KH2PO40.8%,MgSO4 0.2%,ZnSO4 0.2%,培养基起始pH6 0,接种量10%,培养温度30℃,摇床转速120r/min,发酵时间48h.在优化条件下,HAT2228的产酶水平达1 329u/ml.     

5′—磷酸二酯酶高产菌株的选育和发酵培养条件的优点

以ATCC14994为出发菌株,采用紫外线与亚硝基胍相结合的多次诱变育种,获得1株5′-磷酸二酯酶高产菌株HAT2228.通过单因子和正交试验对该菌株的产酶发酵条件进行了优化,优化发酵产酶条件为蔗糖5%,酵母膏0 3%,蛋白胨0.3%,K2HPO4 0.8%,KH2PO40.8%,MgSO4 0.2%,ZnSO4 0.2%,培养基起始pH6 0,接种量10%,培养温度30℃,摇床转速120r/min,发酵时间48h.在优化条件下,HAT2228的产酶水平达1 329u/ml.     

一株纤溶酶高产菌株的发酵特性研究

筛选了一株产纤溶酶能力较强的芽孢细菌,本文对其液体发酵条件进行了优化,结果表明菌株产酶最佳条件为:可溶性淀粉4%,蛋白胨2%,柠檬酸铁铵0.1%,磷酸钙0.4%,接种量2%,pH 7.5,发酵时间96 h,装瓶量75/500(mL/mL),摇床温度37℃,转速150 rpm,在该条件下产酶酶活可达581.81 IU/mL。     

海洋细菌Cellulophaga sp.QY201产内切纤维素酶发酵条件的研究

本文对海洋细菌Cellulophaga sp.QY201产内切纤维素酶的发酵条件进行了研究.研究结果表明,该菌株最佳产酶的液体培养基组成为(w/v):CMCNa 0.5%,CaSein 0.3%,NaCl 3%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3%,Na2HPO4 0.15%,NaH2PO4 0.1%,pH=7.0;最佳培养条件为:500mL三角瓶装液150mL,温度为28℃,转速为100 r/min,发酵时间为36h.优化后发酵上清液的内切纤维素酶活力可达到7.85 U/mL,比优化前提高了2.5倍.该菌株产酶发酵条件的研究,为内切纤维素酶的大规模制备及应用奠定了基础.     

嗜碱芽孢杆菌XE22—4—1碱性弹性蛋白酶发酵条件的研究

从西藏天然碱湖中筛选到一株产碱性弹性蛋白酶（alkaline elastase)菌株,最适生长pH为10．0,经鉴定为Bacillus sp.,编号XE22－4－1.该菌产酶最适碳源为2％葡萄糖,氮源为0．25％酵母粉,豆饼粉对发酵产酶有促进作用。2L发酵罐实验表明,溶解氧是影响该菌株产酶的重要因素。通过提高通气量和改变搅拌速度,该菌株可在发酵48h内达到产酶高峰,酶活力最高达266u/mL。     

黑曲霉FS25产β—葡萄糖酶发酵特性的研究

黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)FS25产β-葡聚糖酶最适碳源为大麦粉,氮源为玉米浆;最佳摇瓶发酵配方为大麦粉6g,玉米浆2g,(NH4)2SO40.4g,FeSO4@7H2O0.01g,Na2HPO4@3H2O0.1g,CaCO30.5g,MgSO4@7H2O0.03g,麦麸0.8g,发酵初始pH为5.0,定容100mL.发酵温度为32℃,250mL三角瓶发酵液的装量为50mL,接种量为1.5mL孢子悬液(1.5×107个/mL);发酵周期为30h,酶活达到80.1u/mL,比初始的产酶水平提高了84.1%.     

产壳聚糖酶菌株的分离、鉴定及发酵条件优化

从废弃食用菌培养基周围土壤中分离得到一株产壳聚糖酶的菌株,结合形态学特征与26SrDNA序列进行了分类学鉴定,结果表明,该菌株与高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina)的同源性较高,达99%,初步鉴定为被孢霉属的一种,命名为KB-1001。并对该菌株的产酶特性进行了研究,结果表明,该菌株液体发酵培养产酶高峰出现在第84h,最适碳源为1%的水溶性壳聚糖,最适氮源为1.87%的(NH4)2SO4,摇瓶培养的最适初始pH值为6.0,最适温度为28℃～30℃,接种量为4%,最佳装瓶量为70 mL/250 mL,150 r/min摇瓶培养,经优化培养后,该菌株发酵液中壳聚糖酶活力最高达到8.130 U/mL。比原始的未经发酵条件优化的产酶活性提高了12.78%。     

高产碱性果胶酶菌株的育种及其发酵条件的研究

以克劳氏芽孢杆茵(Bacillus clausii)S-4为出发菌株,经紫外诱变育种和固态发酵条件的选育,得到产碱性果胶酶较高的新茵株N-10,并研究了其固态发酵条件和部分酶学性质.结果表明,以甜菜渣为碳源和酶的诱导物以及棉粕作为氮源较适宜.较优的固态发酵条件为:甜菜渣5g,棉粕0.125 g,麦芽糖0.1 g,KH2PO40.0075 g,Na2CO30.15 g,水12.5 mL,种龄24 h,接种量2mL,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间84 h;酶产率可达4780 u/g(干甜菜渣),较菌株S-4提高108%.该酶的最适pH 10,最适温度55℃;分别在pH 7.5～9.5和30～40℃范围内较稳定;Ca2 、Mg2 、Fe2 对酶活有明显激活作用,Cu2 、Zn2 对酶活有强烈抑制活作用.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.