云南传统发酵豆豉中高产豆豉纤溶酶菌株的筛选及其酶谱分析

从云南昆明、元阳、玉溪、昭通地区采集豆豉样品26个,通过琼脂-纤维蛋白平板试验,SDS-fibrin-PAGE蛋白电泳结合Zymography活性染色对相应酶谱进行分析;同时采用茚三酮法测定其豆豉纤溶酶活性,筛选得到5株豆豉纤溶酶活性较高的菌株,其中尤以ZT-13茵株纤溶酶活性达到97.09 U/mL,是工业化生产豆豉纤溶酶的潜在优良菌株.     

豆豉纤溶酶--一种潜在的新型溶栓药物

豆豉纤溶酶是一种潜在的新型溶栓药物。该文介绍豆豉纤溶酶产生菌的筛选、诱变;纤溶酶的分离纯化、酶学性质及其分子生物学的研究等：并简述了纤溶酶活性的测定方法;提出了豆豉纤溶酶的研究方向及前景。     

一株新的豆豉纤溶酶产生菌的研究

从全国各地采集豆豉样品,经富集培养并利用纤维蛋白平板法获得一株形态与现存产纤溶酶微生物差异较大的菌株HS9.通过传统方法、化学方法以及16S rRNA序列分析对HS9进行分类鉴定,属于Pseudomonas aeruqinosa,是未见报道的产豆豉纤溶酶菌株.发酵培养HS9获得粗酶,经20%～70%硫酸铵梯度盐析、Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤以及CM-Sepharose Fast Flow阳离子交换层析分离纯化后,得到了电泳纯酶.通过SDS-PAGE了解该酶分子量约为34 kD,pH 8.0～8.5时酶活性最高,最适作用温度48℃,作用方式为直接水解纤维蛋白,胃蛋白酶抑制剂在工作浓度1μmol/L时能完全抑制其活性,推测该酶为天冬氨酸蛋白酶,是一种新型的豆豉纤溶酶.     

豆豉纤溶酶的研究现状

豆豉纤溶酶是从中国传统风味食品豆豉中分离得到的一种由杆菌产生的丝氨酸蛋白酶,具有极强的纤溶活性.综述了豆豉纤溶酶的产生菌种、发酵工艺、酶学性质、分离纯化、作用机理以及分子生物学特性等研究现状.豆豉纤溶酶在溶栓的过程中有着溶栓能力强,无毒副作用,原材料丰富,在体内半衰期长等优点,因此该酶有着广阔的应用发展前景.     

豆豉纤溶酶产生菌的筛选及诱变

从广泛收集的豆豉成品及半成品中筛选到数株菌落形态各异且具有纤溶酶活性的菌株.分别采用亚硝酸和紫外线对豆豉纤溶酶产生菌DC-12进行诱变育种,成功筛选到了3株突变株,其纤溶酶产量较出发菌株分别提高了3.6、3.7和4.75倍.     

豆豉纤溶酶基因在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达及纯化(英文)

豆豉纤溶酶是从豆豉中发现的新型纤溶酶.从枯草杆菌DC-12中提取总DNA,PCR法扩增pro-DFE基因.将pro-DFE基因插入载体pET-32a,构建表达质粒pET-pro-DFE,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),对重组菌株进行变温诱导表达,重组菌株于37℃培养至OD600为0.6时,加入终浓度为0.4mmol/L的IPTG于24℃进行诱导,SDS-PAGE显示可溶性重组融合蛋白约占重组蛋白的60%.且少量融合重组蛋白发生自切割,形成成熟的豆豉纤溶酶,破菌上清中含有成熟的豆豉溶栓酶,纤溶活性为200IU/mL.重组酶经纯化后比酶活为1280IU/mg.     

豆豉纤溶酶产生菌的筛选及菌种鉴定

在收集的全国 2 1个豆豉产品中分离到 36 9株革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌 ,对其进行产纤溶酶活性筛选 ,得到 1株高产纤溶酶菌株HGD10 7。对菌株HGD10 7进行形态、生理、生化鉴定 ,初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。     

不同制曲工艺对速成永川豆豉后发酵过程和产品品质的影响

【目的】传统永川豆豉和速成永川豆豉生产工艺不同，在风味品质上有着显著的差异。【方法】为明确制曲工艺对豆豉品质的影响，本研究比较了传统自然制曲和米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)制曲永川豆豉在速成工艺下的理化特性及微生物群落差异。【结果】自然制曲速成永川豆豉氨基酸态氮含量和色泽显著高于米曲霉制曲速成永川豆豉(P<0.05)，但还原糖含量显著低于米曲霉制曲速成永川豆豉(P<0.05),2种制曲速成永川豆豉可滴定酸度含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。微生物分析表明，自然制曲速成永川豆豉微生物丰富度及多样性显著高于米曲霉制曲速成永川豆豉(P<0.05)。自然制曲速成永川豆豉的优势菌属为毛霉菌属(Mucor)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、维克霉属(Wickerhamomyces)和青霉属(Penicillium)等。米曲霉制曲速成永川豆豉的优势菌属为芽孢杆菌属、棒状杆菌属(Corynebacteriu...     

不同豆类细菌型豆豉的功能性成分分析

对细菌型黄豆豆豉、黑豆豆豉、绿豆豆豉、豌豆豆豉、足豆豆豉、红豆豆豉和赤小豆豆豉的功能性成分进行了分析。结果显示,7种豆豉的水分含量均在45%-55%的范围内;黄豆豆豉、黑豆豆豉、豌豆豆豉和绿豆豆豉具有较强纤溶酶和酰胺酶活性,其中黄豆豆豉的纤溶酶和酰胺酶活力最高,分别为(149.07±6.63)IU/g和(120.07±0.39)U/g;7种豆豉都具有一定[DPPH·]清除能力,清除能力大小为黄豆豆豉黑豆豆豉绿豆豆豉豌豆豆豉足豆豆豉红豆豆豉赤小豆豆豉,黄豆豆豉[DPPH·]清除率达到(98.14±1.01)%;不同豆豉的酸可溶性多肽含量差异较大,黄豆豆豉为(82.79±3.14)mg/g,豌豆豆豉为(42.63±1.17)mg/g,其它5种豆豉的多肽含量均在25-29 mg/g之间;黄豆豆豉、黑豆豆豉、绿豆豆豉和豌豆豆豉的总游离氨基酸含量较高,分别达到了(38.89±2.27)mg/g、(32.91±1.13)mg/g、(27.80±0.79)mg/g和(34.12±1.57)mg/g,而其它3种豆豉的总游离氨基酸含量相对较低,仅为黄豆豆豉的1/2左右。功能性成分分析表明,黄豆是制备细菌型豆豉的最适原料。     

食品纤溶酶研究概况

溶栓疗法是血栓性疾病安全有效的治疗手段,开发安全高效、廉价的新型纤溶酶对于预防与治疗血栓性疾病具有重要意义。近年来,在许多亚洲传统发酵食品中如日本纳豆、韩国大豆酱、中国豆豉、发酵虾酱等中均发现有丰富的纤溶酶资源。本文重点介绍传统发酵食品中纤溶酶的研究概况及其开发前景。     

一株产纤溶酶菌株的分离、鉴定及其酶活特征的初步研究

[目的]分离筛选并鉴定产纤溶酶的菌株.[方法]采用血粉培养基富集,琼脂糖-纤维蛋白平板筛选,从自然界中分离筛选出一株产纤溶活性物质的菌株.通过形态学特征、生理生化特征研究,并结合16S rRNA基因序列分析及分子系统发育树的构建结果,确定菌株的种类.[结果]从自然界分离筛到一株产纤溶酶的菌株EF608,经鉴定该菌株为粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis). SDS-PAGE和纤维蛋白自显影表明该纤溶酶的分子量为37 kD,最适反应温度和pH分别为35℃和7.5,EDTA能完全抑制其纤溶活性,而PMSF对其活性无抑制作用.菌株EF608发酵液不仅可以直接水解纤维蛋白,而且具有体外溶栓的作用,对血红细胞没有溶解作用.[结论]筛选到一株具有纤溶活性的粪肠球菌——EF608,为获取新型纤溶酶提供了一种的新的菌源.     

Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme produced from Bacillus sp. strain CK 11-4 screened from Chungkook-Jang.

Bacillus sp. strain CK 11-4, which produces a strongly fibrinolytic enzyme, was screened from Chungkook-Jang, a traditional Korean fermented-soybean sauce. The fibrinolytic enzyme (CK) was purified from supernatant of Bacillus sp. strain CK 11-4 culture broth and showed thermophilic, hydrophilic, and strong fibrinolytic activity. The optimum temperature and pH were 70 degrees C and 10.5, respectively, and the molecular weight was 28,200 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The first 14 amino acids of the N-terminal sequence of CK are Ala-Gin-Thr-Val-Pro-Tyr-Gly-Ile-Pro-Leu-Ile-Lys-Ala-Asp. This sequence is identical to that of subtilisin Carlsberg and different from that of nattokinase, but CK showed a level of fibrinolytic activity that was about eight times higher than that of subtilisin Carlsberg. The amidolytic activity of CK increased about twofold at the initial state of the reaction when CK enzyme was added to a mixture of plasminogen and substrate (H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA). A similar result was also obtained from fibrin plate analysis.     

Purification and characterization of an extracellular poly(L-lactic acid) depolymerase from a soil isolate, Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA)-degrading Amycolatopsis sp. strains K104-1 and K104-2 were isolated by screening 300 soil samples for the ability to form clear zones on the PLA-emulsified mineral agar plates. Both of the strains assimilated >90% of emulsified 0.1% (wt/vol) PLA within 8 days under aerobic conditions. A novel PLA depolymerase with a molecular weight of 24,000 was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of strain K104-1. The purified enzyme degraded high-molecular-weight PLA in emulsion and in solid film, ultimately forming lactic acid. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was 9.5, and the optimum temperature was 55 to 60 degrees C. The PLA depolymerase also degraded casein and fibrin but did not hydrolyze collagen type I, triolein, tributyrin, poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate), or poly(epsilon-caprolactone). The PLA-degrading and caseinolytic activities of the enzyme were inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride but were not significantly affected by soybean trypsin inhibitor, N-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone, and Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. Thus, Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1 excretes the unique PLA-degrading and fibrinolytic serine enzyme, utilizing extracellular polylactide as a sole carbon source.     

Origin of urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in glomerulonephritis.

To elucidate the origin of the fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) occurring in the urine in glomerulonephritis 28 patients with glomerulonephritis were examined for renal fibrinolytic activity, F.D.P. in urine and serum, and blood fibrinolytic activators and blood fibrinolytic activators and inhibitors. Unlike the glomerful of healthy kidneys, which were fibrinolyticly inactive, those of kidneys with glomerulonephritis constantly showed fibrinolytic activity. The presence or absence of fibrin in the glomeruli was almost always accompanied by, respectively, the presence or absence of urinary F.D.P., which suggested a renal origin of urinary F.D.P. in glomerulonephritis. The low fibrinolytic activity of the blood and the absence of F.D.P. in the serum of these patients make it unlikely that the urinary F.D.P. in glomerulonephritis result from glomerular filtration.     

Verticase： a Fibrinolytic Enzyme Produced by Verticillium sp, Tj33, an Endophyte of Trachelospermum jasminoides

Plant endophytes are among the most important resources of biologically active metabolites. Twenty-three endophyte strains residing in Trachelospermum jasminoides were cultivated in vitro with the cultures assayed for the fibrinolytic substance production. As a result, the culture of VerticUlium sp. Tj33 was shown to be the most active. A fibrinolytic enzyme designated as verticase was subsequently purified from the supernatant of Verticillium sp. culture broth by a combination of DEAE-52, Sephadex G-75 and hydrophobic column chromatographies. Verticase, with its molecular mass of 31 kDa and pl of 8.5, was demonstrated to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl suIfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. Verticase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes fibrin directly without activation of plaminogen. It was stable in a broad pH range from 4 through to 11 with the optimal reaction pH value and temperature shown to be around 9-10 and 50-60℃, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of verticase was severely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfony fluoride, indicating that verticase was a serine protease.     

Nano-scale proteomics approach using two-dimensional fibrin zymography combined with fluorescent SYPRO ruby dye

In general, a SYPRO Ruby dye is well known as a sensitive fluorescence-based method for detecting proteins by one-or two-dimensional SDS-PAGE (1-DE or 2-DE). Based on the SYPRO Ruby dye system, the combined two-dimensional fibrin zymography (2-D FZ) with SYPRO Ruby staining was newly developed to identify the Bacillus sp. proteases. Namely, complex protein mixtures from Bacillus sp. DJ-4, which were screened from Doen-Jang (Korean traditional fermented food), showed activity on the zymogram gel. The gel spots on the SYPRO Ruby gel, which corresponded to the active spots showing on the 2-D FZ gel, were analyzed by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric analysis. Five intracellular fibrinolytic enzymes of Bacillus sp. DJ-4 were detected through 2-D FZ. The gel spots on the SYPRO Ruby dye stained 2-D gel corresponding to 2-D FZ were then analyzed by MALID-TOF MS. Three of the five gel spots proved to be quite similar to the ATP-dependent protease, extracellular neutral metalloprotease, and protease of Bacillus subtilis. Also, the extracellular proteases of Bacillus sp. DJ-4 employing this combined system were identified on three gels (e.g., casein, fibrin, and gelatin) and the proteolytic maps were established. This combined system of 2-D zymography and SYPRO Ruby dye should be useful for searching the specific protease from complex protein mixtures of many other sources (e.g., yeast and cancer cell lines).     

黏细菌抗凝溶栓双功能蛋白MF-1的纯化及其酶学性质

对黏细菌Angiococcus sp.的抗凝溶栓双活性蛋白MF-1进行纯化、鉴定并对其酶学性质进行初步研究。采用丙酮分级沉淀法、DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析和Sephadex G-50分子筛层析对发酵液进行纯化,用SDS-PAGE和等电点聚焦电泳对其进行鉴定,并用纤维蛋白平板法和水解酪蛋白法对其酶学性质进行检测。结果表明：经过一系列的纯化步骤分离得到该蛋白相对分子质量为3.2×10^4,等电点为8.5,酶的比活力为30761.57U/mg,活性回收率为13.9%;溶栓活性的最适反应温度为35℃,最适反应pH为8.0;抗凝时间大于10min,且酶活性十分稳定,在35℃下保温72h后仍有89%活性。首次从黏细菌中分离得到具有较高抗凝和溶栓双活性的MF-1蛋白,且稳定不易失活,具有开发成为创新溶栓药物的潜力。     

Process optimization for production and purification of novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Stenotrophomonas sp. KG-16-3

Intravascular thrombosis is a major cardiovascular complication responsible for high mortality worldwide. Existing thrombolytic agents are expensive and have various side effects. As a consequence, researchers continue to search for better thrombolytic agents. Fibrinolytic proteases especially those of microbial origin are considered as potential therapeutic candidates for thrombosis. The current study reports fibrinolytic protease from a bacterial isolate Stenotrophomonas sp. KG-16-3, as it exhibits high fibrinolytic activity on fibrin agarose plate. Studies on fibrinolytic protease from Stenotrophomonas sp. are lacking. So, a detailed study was conducted for the production and purification of fibrinolytic protease. Optimizing process parameters using the Design of Experiments method enhanced the yield by 1.5-fold. The fibrinolytic enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography resulting in 7.1-fold purification and 16.7% yield with specific activity of 383.8?U/mg. The purified enzyme exhibited higher fibrinolytic activity than plasmin and had a molecular weight of 39?kDa. Optimal activity of the enzyme was observed at 50?°C and pH 10. The enzyme exhibited stability up to 60?°C, over pH 7–10 and in the presence of different metal ions and solvents. The activity of the enzyme was significantly reduced in the presence of phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride, iodoacetic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting that the enzyme belonged to the serine–cysteine metalloprotease category. The present study is the first ever report on the Design of Experiments based optimization of fermentation conditions for the production of fibrinolytic protease from Stenotrophomonas sp.     

Purification and characterization of a new fibrinolytic enzyme of Bacillus licheniformis KJ-31, isolated from Korean traditional Jeot-gal

Jeot-gal is a traditional Korean fermented seafood and has long been used for seasoning. We isolated 188 strains from shrimp, anchovy, and yellow corvina Jeot-gal, and screened sixteen strains that showed strong fibrinolytic activities on a fibrin plate. Among those strains, the strain that had the largest halo zone was chosen and identified as Bacillus licheniformis by using 16S rDNA sequencing and an API CHB kit. The fibrinolytic activity of Bacillus licheniformis was characterized and designated as bpKJ-31. The active component of bpKJ-31 was identified as a 37 kDa protein, designated bacillopeptidase F, by internal peptide mapping and N-terminal sequencing. The optimum activity of bpKJ-31 was shown at pH 9 and 40 degrees C, with a chromogenic substrate for plasmin. It had high degrading activity for the Bbeta-chain and Aalpha-chain of fibrin(ogen), and also acted on thrombin, but not skim milk and casein. The amidolytic activity of bpKJ-31 was inhibited by 1 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, but 1 mM EDTA did not affect the enzyme activity, indicating that bpKJ-31 is an alkaline serine protease, like a plasmin. The bpKJ-31 showed approximately 14.3% higher fibrinolytic activity than the plasmin. These features of bpKJ-31 make it attractive as a health-promoting biomaterial.     

Activity assessment of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes

Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin inside blood vessels results in thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases. In general, there are four therapy options: surgical operation, intake of antiplatelets, anticoagulants, or fibrinolytic enzymes. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes have attracted much more attention than typical thrombolytic agents because of the expensive prices and the side effects of the latter. The fibrinolytic enzymes were successively discovered from different microorganisms, the most important among which is the genus Bacillus. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes, especially those from food-grade microorganisms, have the potential to be developed as functional food additives and drugs to prevent or cure thrombosis and other related diseases. There are several assay methods for these enzymes; this may due to the insolubility of substrate, fibrin. Existing assay methods can be divided into three major groups. The first group consists of assay of fibrinolytic activity with natural proteins as substrates, e.g., fibrin plate methods. The second and third groups of assays are suitable for kinetic studies and are based on the determination of hydrolysis of synthetic peptide esters. This review will deal primarily with the microorganisms that have been reported in literature to produce fibrinolytic enzymes and the first review discussing the methods used to assay the fibrinolytic activity.