苦荞凝集素靶向抑制结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖的机制

苦荞凝集素（tartary buckwheat lectin,TBL）是一类兼具核糖体失活蛋白N-糖苷酶活性和芦丁水解酶活性的糖蛋白,具有显著的抑制结肠癌细胞增殖的功能。先前研究表明,TBL可以下调结肠癌细胞HCT116中包括miR-135a 和miR-135b在内的一些oncomiRs的表达,并且可以抑制结肠癌细胞HCT116的增殖。因此,我们推测TBL可能通过调控oncomiRs从而抑制HCT116细胞的增殖。本研究中,我们构建了包含miR-135a 和miR-35b结合位点的腺瘤性结肠息肉病基因（adenomatous polyposis coli,APC）的3′-UTR区。双荧光素酶报告系统表明,经过TBL处理后,实验组的荧光素酶活性较对照组高,而且用miR-135a&b的反义核酸anti-miR-135a&b处理后和实验组有相似的结果。Western 印迹分析表明,TBL处理HCT116细胞24 h后,细胞中APC和p-β-catenin的表达上调,总β-catenin的表达下调,且存在剂量依赖效应,而对GSK-3β的表达无明显影响。进一步探究了TBL进入细胞的方式,我们发现,加入TBL作用2 h后,其主要存在于HCT116细胞的表面,部分进入细胞内部,在细胞表面可以同半乳糖凝集素galectin-3竞争结合细胞膜表面受体,并且存在剂量和时间依赖性。这些结果表明：TBL以HCT116细胞表面的galectin-3受体为靶点,通过内吞作用进入细胞,进而调控HCT116细胞中miR-135a&b的表达,影响Wnt信号通路而抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖。     

苦荞凝集素靶向抑制结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖的机制北大核心CSCD

苦荞凝集素(tartary buckwheat lectin,TBL)是一类兼具核糖体失活蛋白N-糖苷酶活性和芦丁水解酶活性的糖蛋白,具有显著的抑制结肠癌细胞增殖的功能。先前研究表明,TBL可以下调结肠癌细胞HCT116中包括miR-135a和miR-135b在内的一些oncomiRs的表达,并且可以抑制结肠癌细胞HCT116的增殖。因此,我们推测TBL可能通过调控oncomiRs从而抑制HCT116细胞的增殖。本研究中,我们构建了包含miR-135a和miR-135b结合位点的腺瘤性结肠息肉病基因(adenomatous polyposis coli,APC)的3'-UTR区。双荧光素酶报告系统表明,经过TBL处理后,实验组的荧光素酶活性较对照组高,而且用miR-135a&b的反义核酸anti-miR-135a&b处理后和实验组有相似的结果。Western印迹分析表明,TBL处理HCT116细胞24 h后,细胞中APC和p-β-catenin的表达上调,总β-catenin的表达下调,且存在剂量依赖效应,而对GSK-3β的表达无明显影响。进一步探究了TBL进入细胞的方式,我们发现,加入TBL作用2 h后,其主要存在于HCT116细胞的表面,部分进入细胞内部,在细胞表面可以同半乳糖凝集素galectin-3竞争结合细胞膜表面受体,并且存在剂量和时间依赖性。这些结果表明:TBL以HCT116细胞表面的galectin-3受体为靶点,通过内吞作用进入细胞,进而调控HCT116细胞中miR-135a&b的表达,影响Wnt信号通路而抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖。     

一种简单快速微量的无细胞蛋白合成系统

建立了一种简单快速微量的无细胞体系检测蛋白质合成的方法,在总体积５μｌ的体系中加２０μｌ兔网织红细胞裂解液,在３７℃培养３０ｍｉｎ能使其中的＾３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕ参入量达到最大。运用该方法可以筛选出植物组织中对真核细胞蛋白质生物合成具有强烈抑制作用的单链核糖体失活蛋白。     

一种简单快速微量的无细胞蛋白合成系统

建立了一种简单快速微量的无细胞体系检测蛋白质合成的方法,在总体积５５μｌ的体系中加２０μｌ兔网织红细胞裂解液,在３７℃培养３０ｍｉｎ能使其中的３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕ参入量达到最大,运用该方法可以筛选出植物组织中对真核细胞蛋白质生物合成具有强烈抑制作用的单链核糖体失活蛋白（单链毒素）。     

快速检测核糖体失活蛋白活性质粒的构建及应用

核糖体失活蛋白专一地断裂28S rRNA第4 324位的腺嘌呤与核糖之间的N-糖苷键,具有特异破坏核糖体的结构,抑制蛋白质生物合成的功能。核糖体失活蛋白在医疗方面有极大的应用价值。为了能简单快速筛选出核糖体失活蛋白,本实验构建了一种包含核糖体失活蛋白识别位点的双荧光素酶质粒psiCHECKTM-2-F28RNA。用具有N 糖苷酶活性的苦荞凝集素(tartary buckwheat lectin,TBL)作用于psiCHECKTM-2-F28RNA质粒,电泳检测发现,TBL可以将质粒DNA由超螺旋型切割为缺刻型。将psiCHECKTM-2-F28RNA转染HCT116细胞,发现海肾/萤火虫荧光比值也明显降低,表明构建的质粒可以用于检测核糖体失活蛋白对细胞的毒性作用。当将psiCHECKTM-2-F28RNA中的GAGA序列中腺嘌呤分别突变后进行同样实验,确定该质粒中的GAGA为核糖体失活蛋白的识别位点。进一步构建包含GAGA特征序列的Wnt1-3′UTR区的质粒psiCHECKTM-2-Wnt1-3′UTR,实验也发现,在胞外和胞内TBL与psiCHECKTM-2-Wnt1-3′UTR都具有相互作用,表明细胞内具有GAGA序列的mRNA也可能成为核糖体失活蛋白的靶点。选用几种食源性作物中提取的蛋白质,分别与psiCHECKTM-2-F28RNA作用,进行体外检测,结果显示,该质粒能快速地筛选来源于不同生物的核糖体失活蛋白。这些结果表明,本实验构建的psiCHECKTM-2-F28RNA质粒,可用于核糖体失活蛋白的快速筛选和酶活性鉴定。     

核糖体单链失活蛋白在无细胞体系中的活性

核糖体单链失活蛋白是一类广泛分布于植物中的蛋白质,它能使真核细胞核糖体60S亚基失活。本文报道了一些核糖体单链失活蛋白的制备、纯化以及在兔网织红细胞裂解液中对蛋白质生物合成的抑制活性及它们对完整细胞的毒性。其中多数的核糖体单链失活蛋白是首次被分离纯化并对其毒性进行研究的。     

相思豆毒蛋白—a A链在大肠杆菌中的表达及体外生物活性的测定

用RT PCR方法克隆了相思豆毒蛋白 aA链 (ABRaA)的cDNA编码序列 ,并将其重组到原核表达质粒 pET2 8b中。成熟的ABRaA在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达 ,可溶性重组蛋白质的获得率达 4mg/L培养物 ,而且具有较好的纯度。重组蛋白质体外生物活性的测定结果表明 ,其对兔网织红细胞裂解液的体外蛋白质生物合成具有较强的抑制作用 ,IC50 为 0 .0 8nmol/L ,与天然ABRaA的 (0 .0 6nmol/L)相差不大 ;重组ABRaA蛋白表现出较强的N 糖苷酶活性 ,其可切割大鼠肝脏核糖体 2 8SrRNA的A4 32 4位点 ,释放出一条约 4 2 0nt的小片段RNA。这些结果提示重组的ABRaA具有有效的生物活性 ,可以作为一种潜在的肿瘤化疗药物而用于制备免疫毒素。     

人造细胞内蛋白质合成的研究进展

无细胞蛋白质合成(cell-free protein synthesis,CFPS)是一种在体外快速合成目标蛋白质的方法,通过构建含有CFPS系统的人造细胞,能够实现蛋白质的高通量表达和功能性膜蛋白的体外重构.本文详细综述了4种CFPS系统(包括大肠杆菌裂解液、兔网织红细胞裂解液、小麦胚芽提取物、酵母提取物)的适用范围和优缺点,总结了基于CFPS系统构建的人造细胞体系内蛋白质合成的研究现状,以及该领域面临的挑战及未来的发展方向.     

MicroRNA-449a/b抑制人结肠癌细胞内Fra-1的表达

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 是一类长度约为22 nt的非编码的调控性小RNA,它们在诸多的生命活动中发挥重要作用,如参与调控细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡以及肿瘤的发生发展. MicroRNA-449a/b (miR 449a/b) 是脊椎动物中进化保守的miRNA,作为抑癌基因,参与了许多癌症的发生过程,但其在结肠癌中的作用尚不清楚. 本文利用实时荧光定量技术研究了miR-449a/b在结肠癌组织中的表达. 利用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统及Western印迹鉴定miR-449a/b的靶基因. 应用MTS法和Transwell分别检测miR-449a/b对结肠癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响. 检测组蛋白乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古菌素A (trichostatin A, TSA) 对结肠癌细胞中miR-449a/b表达的影响. 研究结果表明：与正常结肠组织相比,miR-449a/b在结肠癌组织中低表达;miR 449a/b能够结合到FRA-1 mRNA 3′-非翻译区 (3′-untranslated region, 3′-UTR),从而抑制结肠癌细胞HCT116内源Fra 1的表达;外源转染miR-449a/b明显抑制结肠癌细胞HCT116的增殖和迁移;并且TSA处理能够诱导结肠癌细胞HCT116中miR-449a/b的表达. 以上结果提示: miR-449a/b可能通过抑制靶基因Fra-1的表达,进而抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖和迁移．     

对tRNA和mRNA双依赖的兔网织红细胞无细胞蛋白合成体系的制备

本文在Gilbert和Anderson及Pel-ham和Jackson方法的基础上加以改进,制备了一个对tRNA和二RNA双依赖的兔网织红细胞无细胞蛋白合成体系。在有TMV RNA存在的情况下,加入兔网织红细胞总tRNA,氨基酸参入比不加tRNA的对照高40倍以上。在有兔网织红细胞总七RNA存在的情况下,加入TMVNA或Poly(rU),氨基酸参入分别比不加外源mRNA的对照高10倍和7倍以上。这个双依赖的无细胞蛋白合成体系是检测单一tRNA和mRNA生物活性的有用工具。     

miR-155-TP53INP1调节轴在结直肠癌化疗药物敏感性中的作用机制

摘要 目的：初步揭示miR-155通过靶向调节TP53INP1表达水平影响结直肠癌细胞对5-FU化疗敏感性。方法：将人结肠直肠癌细胞系HCT116进行培养,提取细胞总RNA后,采用miR-155逆转录特异性引物构建反转录体系进行PCR扩增,通过qRT-PCR检测miR-155在5-FU耐药细胞HCT116/FU及敏感细胞株HCT116中的表达情况;取对数生长期细胞,分别转染miR-155mimics、miR-155抑制剂、miR-155阴性对照后,采用CCK-8法检测miR-155对细胞5-FU药物敏感性的影响,双荧光素酶报告基因系统验证miR-155与TP53INP1的靶基因关系,Western blot检测miR-155对 TP53INP1表达的影响。结果：miR-155在HCT116 /Fu细胞中的表达量是HCT116细胞的7.25倍;在相同5-FU浓度时,HCT116+阴性对照的细胞生长抑制率均高于HCT116+mimics、半数抑制浓度显著低于HCT116+mimics,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);TP53INP1是miR-155的靶基因,能显著降低野生型TP53INP1 3''-UTR的荧光素酶活性;转染miR-155 mimics后,TP53INP1的相对表达量显著下降,转染miR-155抑制剂后,TP53INP1的相对表达量显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：miR-155水平升高使HCT116细胞对5-FU的敏感性降低,miR-155可能通过靶向调节TP53INP1的表达水平,从而影响结直肠癌细胞对5-FU的敏感性。     

Lin28A促进结肠癌细胞对5-FU 化疗敏感性的实验研究

目的:探讨Lin28A对结肠癌5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)化疗敏感性的影响及其分子机制。方法:免疫组化方法检测人结肠癌和正常粘膜组织中Lin28A蛋白表达情况;荧光素酶法检测HCT116细胞活性;实时荧光定量PCR方法检测HCT116细胞中Let-7表达水平。结果:73.3%人结肠癌患者Lin28A蛋白表达上调;过表达Lin28A组与对照组相比,5-FU处理后细胞活性显著降低(P_(60μg)0.01,P_(80μg)0.01),Let-7表达显著降低;过表达Let-7组与对照组相比,5-FU治疗后细胞活性显著降低(P_(40μg)0.05,P_(60μg)0.01,P_(80μg)0.01)。结论:Lin28A可增强肿瘤细胞化疗敏感性,而且这一效应不依赖Let-7。     

Functional role of a long non-coding RNA LIFR-AS1/miR-29a/TNFAIP3 axis in colorectal cancer resistance to pohotodynamic therapy

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common digestive system malignant tumors. Recently, PDT has been used as a first-line treatment for colon cancer; however, limited curative effect was obtained due to resistance of CRC to PDT. During the past decades, accumulating CRC-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs have been reported to exert diverse functions through various biological processes; their dysregulation might trigger and/or promote the pathological changes. Herein, we performed microarrays analysis to identify dysregulated lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in PDT-treated HCT116 cells to figure out the lncRNA-miRNA interactions related to the resistance of CRC to PDT treatment, and the downstream mRNA target, as well as the molecular mechanism. We found a total of 1096 lncRNAs dysregulated in PDT-treated CRC HCT116 cells; among them, LIFR-AS1 negatively interacted with miR-29a, one of the dysregulated miRNAs in PDT-treated CRC cells, to affect the resistance of CRC to PDT. LIFR-AS1 knockdown attenuated, whereas miR-29a inhibition enhanced the cellular effect of PDT on HCT116 cell proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, among the dysregulated mRNAs, TNFAIP3 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-29a and exerted a similar effect to LIFR-AS1 on the cellular effects of PDT. In summary, LIFR-AS1 serves as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-29a to inhibit its expression and up-regulate downstream target TNFAIP3 expression, finally modulating the resistance of CRC to PDT. We provide an experimental basis for this lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA network being a promising target in CRC resistance to PDT treatment.     

MicroRNA‐425‐5p regulates chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells via regulation of Programmed Cell Death 10

Acquired chemoresistance represents a major obstacle in cancer treatment, the underlying mechanism of which is complex and not well understood. MiR‐425‐5p has been reported to be implicated tumorigenesis in a few cancer types. However, its role in regulating chemoresistance has not been investigated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Microarray analysis was performed in isogenic chemosensitive and chemoresistant HCT116 cell lines to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNA quantitative real‐time PCR was used to detect miR‐425‐5p expression levels between drug resistant and parental cancer cells. MiR‐425‐5p mimic and inhibitor were transfected, followed by CellTiter‐Glo^® assay to examine drug sensitivity in these two cell lines. Western Blot and luciferase assay were performed to investigate the direct target of miR‐425‐5p. Xenograft mouse models were used to examine in vivo function of miR‐425‐5p. Our data showed that expression of miR‐425‐5p was significantly up‐regulated in HCT116‐R compared with parental HCT116 cells. Inhibition of miR‐425‐5p reversed chemoresistance in HCT116‐R cells. Programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) is the direct target of miR‐425‐5p which is required for the regulatory role of miR‐425‐5p in chemoresistance. MiR‐425‐5p inhibitor sensitized HCT116‐R xenografts to chemo drugs in vivo. Our study demonstrated that miR‐425‐5p regulates chemoresistance of CRC cells by modulating PDCD10 expression level both in vitro and in vivo. MiR‐425‐5p may represent a new therapeutic target for the intervention of CRC.     

荞麦中光毒物质的转化及荞麦光敏素对人结肠癌细胞HCT-116的抑制活性

荞麦光敏素（fagopyrins）具有光毒性和酪氨酸激酶抑制活性,可作为光动力治疗中的光敏剂,用于癌症的治疗。本研究采用电喷雾质谱法和荧光光度法,探究了荞麦中光毒物存在的型式,并分析了光敏素前体(protofagopyrin)转化为荞麦光敏素的条件。通过MTT细胞实验,研究荞麦光敏素提取物对人结直肠癌细胞和人结肠上皮细胞生长增殖的影响。结果表明,荞麦中光毒物以光敏素前体为主,并且有微量的荞麦光敏素,前者质谱的离子强度是后者的400倍。光敏素前体的转化发生在光照提取过程中,而且提取液在光照放置过程中,光敏素前体继续转化,尤其是前0.5 h对于转化的影响显著超过了提取过程。荞麦光敏素提取物与细胞作用,避光培养时,对HCT-116癌细胞有轻度的抑制作用;而对FHC正常细胞不仅未见抑制还有促进作用。光照结合避光培养时,荞麦光敏素对癌细胞的抑制随着提取物浓度的增加而增强,当提取物浓度达到200 μg/mL时,抑制率达到50%;而对正常细胞提取物,浓度低于200 μg/mL时未见抑制,500 ～ 1 000 μg/mL时抑制率达到50%。光敏素提取物与金丝桃素抑制细胞的能力相比,光照结合避光培养时,金丝桃素对正常细胞的抑制作用强于对癌细胞,而荞麦光敏素的提取物正好相反。提示荞麦光敏素比金丝桃素对癌细胞的抑制更具特异性。上述结果为从荞麦叶中开发出有利于肿瘤治疗的药物提供了实验依据。     

TET1 suppresses colon cancer proliferation by impairing β-catenin signal pathway

The function of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) in cancer is background dependent and may be involved in the initial step of active DNA demethylation, while there is little research to decipher the role of TET1 in DNA methylation-sensitive colon cancer. Downregulated TET1 expression assayed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was observed in both colon cancer samples and cancer cell lines of HT29, HCT116, and SW48. Such downregulation could promote colon cancer cells proliferation as indicated by the fact that shTET1 could increase the viability of HT29 and HCT116 cells determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and cell count assay accompanied with upregulation of β-catenin (CTNNB1) and WNT luciferase activity, which was further confirmed as shTET1 could increase the tumor volume and tumor weight, and decrease the body weight in HT29 cells inoculated BALB/C nude mice. The CTNNB1 transfection could rescue the cell growth diminished by normal expression of TET1. shTET1 could promote axis inhibition protein1 (AXIN1) expression and the cell proliferation effect induced by TET1 short hairpin RNA was attenuated by co-inhibition of AXIN1. All of these indicate that TET1 can suppress colon cancer proliferation and the inhibition of the β-catenin pathway is AXIN1 dependent.     

Bak compensated for Bax in p53-null cells to release cytochrome c for the initiation of mitochondrial signaling during Withanolide D-induced apoptosis

The goal of cancer chemotherapy to induce multi-directional apoptosis as targeting a single pathway is unable to decrease all the downstream effect arises from crosstalk. Present study reports that Withanolide D (WithaD), a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera, induced cellular apoptosis in which mitochondria and p53 were intricately involved. In MOLT-3 and HCT116p53+/+ cells, WithaD induced crosstalk between intrinsic and extrinsic signaling through Bid, whereas in K562 and HCT116p53-/- cells, only intrinsic pathway was activated where Bid remain unaltered. WithaD showed pronounced activation of p53 in cancer cells. Moreover, lowered apoptogenic effect of HCT116p53-/- over HCT116p53+/+ established a strong correlation between WithaD-mediated apoptosis and p53. WithaD induced Bax and Bak upregulation in HCT116p53+/+, whereas increase only Bak expression in HCT116p53-/- cells, which was coordinated with augmented p53 expression. p53 inhibition substantially reduced Bax level and failed to inhibit Bak upregulation in HCT116p53+/+ cells confirming p53-dependent Bax and p53-independent Bak activation. Additionally, in HCT116p53+/+ cells, combined loss of Bax and Bak (HCT116Bax-Bak-) reduced WithaD-induced apoptosis and completely blocked cytochrome c release whereas single loss of Bax or Bak (HCT116Bax-Bak+/HCT116Bax+Bak-) was only marginally effective after WithaD treatment. In HCT116p53-/- cells, though Bax translocation to mitochondria was abrogated, Bak oligomerization helped the cells to release cytochrome c even before the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. WithaD also showed in vitro growth-inhibitory activity against an array of p53 wild type and null cancer cells and K562 xenograft in vivo. Taken together, WithaD elicited apoptosis in malignant cells through Bax/Bak dependent pathway in p53-wild type cells, whereas Bak compensated against loss of Bax in p53-null cells.     

Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA potentiates purvalanol-induced apoptosis in Bax deficient HCT 116 colon cancer cells

The purine-derived analogs, roscovitine and purvalanol are selective synthetic inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) induced cell cycle arrest and lead to apoptotic cell death in various cancer cells. Although a number of studies investigated the molecular mechanism of each CDK inhibitor on apoptotic cell death mechanism with their therapeutic potential, their regulatory role on autophagy is not clarified yet. In this paper, our aim was to investigate molecular mechanism of CDK inhibitors on autophagy and apoptosis in wild type (wt) and Bax deficient HCT 116 cells. Exposure of HCT 116 wt and Bax^−/− cells to roscovitine or purvalanol for 24 h decreased cell viability in dose-dependent manner. However, Bax deficient HCT 116 cells were found more resistant against purvalanol treatment compared to wt cells. We also established that both CDK inhibitors induced apoptosis through activating mitochondria-mediated pathway in caspase-dependent manner regardless of Bax expression in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. Concomitantly, we determined that purvalanol was also effective on autophagy in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA treatment enhanced the purvalanol induced apoptotic cell death in HCT 116 Bax^−/− cells. Our results revealed that mechanistic action of each CDK inhibitor on cell death mechanism differs. While purvalanol treatment activated apoptosis and autophagy in HCT 116 cells, roscovitine was only effective on caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. Another important difference between two CDK inhibitors, although roscovitine treatment overcame Bax-mediated drug resistance in HCT 116 cells, purvalanol did not exert same effect.