等压微孔过滤法测定红细胞变形性的理论模型

等压微孔过滤法是测定红细胞变形性的重要手段。以往关于红细胞悬浮液等压微孔过滤的理论模型 ,没有考虑对过滤有显著影响并蕴含重要信息的滤膜堵塞现象 ,而且都存在一些问题。在考虑滤膜堵塞的前提下 ,建立了新的理论模型 ,能够从等压微孔过滤的实验结果方便地算出红细胞平均过孔时间τ和堵孔红细胞比例ε两个直观的变形性参数。分析了以往模型中的不当之处并加以纠正 ,得出了与新模型一致的结果。     

用核孔滤膜过滤法研究红细胞的变形性

正常红细胞有很大的变形能力,因此能够通过比本身小得多的微孔和微血管。若红细胞因病变,变形能力减少,则不能或较难通过上述微孔,这样就会影响血流及红细胞的运氧功能。红细胞通过微孔的能力──可滤过性,能反映出红细胞的变形性。孔径均匀,孔形规则的核孔滤膜是测定红细胞可滤过性的理想滤膜。用它研究红细胞可滤过性,方法简单,能为研究某些缺血性疾病的发生机理提供重要资料。     

全血滤过法测定红细胞变形性的意义

有关红细胞变形性的检验指标,已受到临床的重视。测定红细胞变形性的方法也越来越多。最近,Rohmor 报告目前检查红细胞的变形性的方法有流变镜法、激光衍射法、高速离心法、细胞流过时间分析法、微吸管法、微孔滤膜法和凝胶过滤法等。目前,在国内大多数基层医疗单位采     

电阻法测量红细胞流变特性的理论探讨

作者在以前研制成功的电导法测定红细胞变形性以及聚集——沉降仪器的基础上改进了测量仪器。从Fricke—Velick 悬浮液电导理论出发,对该仪器测得的结果进行了理论上的探讨,并证明所测得的△Z/Z—γ曲线反映了红细胞在切变流场中由随机状态变为沿切变流场的取向与变形,并取得了理论与实验结果的一致,为电阻抗法测定红细胞流变特性奠定了理论基础。     

透析培养

本讨论了有效利用透析技术从发酵液中及时转移低分子杂质混合物,从而获得高密度发酵细胞的方法,章从反应系统、工艺策略、膜相关性能、应用我、生产性放大等方面说明了利用透析技术以达到高浓度细胞发酵的有效性和可靠性。透析技术不仅克服了微孔过滤和超滤中存在的膜孔堵塞弊端,而且如果应用“营养分离”补策略,还可以防止营养物质的损失而使培养基被高效利用,在实验条件下,透析培养的潜力通过两种反应模型进行演示：内置     

海洋异养细菌利用溶解有机碳的定量评估

【目的】惰性溶解有机碳(refractory dissolved organic carbon,RDOC)是海洋总有机碳的主体组分,RDOC在深海中可保存数千年,构成了巨大的碳储库,在调节气候变化中有重要作用。但RDOC的定量评估尚未有统一的标准方法。通过测定环境中能被异养细菌利用的溶解有机碳(biodegradable DOC,BDOC)可以反过来评估RDOC的量。本文对BDOC测定中一些关键步骤进行验证,为制定海洋RDOC评估标准奠定基础。【方法】本文评估了3种过滤方式及5种滤膜对DOC测定的影响,并评估了瓶子效应和稀释效应对细菌生长和DOC利用的影响。【结果】研究发现,(1) GF/F滤膜、GF-75滤膜、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)滤膜(孔径0.2μm)、聚碳酸酯(PC)滤膜(孔径0.2μm)和聚四氟乙烯材质针孔过滤器(HA)(孔径0.2μm) 5种滤膜不会引入DOC污染;抽滤过滤和重力过滤方式过滤效果稳定、无污染,而在线过滤效果不稳定,易污染;(2)不同大小培养体系(30–480 mL;表面积/体积比为:1.64–0.67 cm–1)之间的细菌生长速率和DOC利用量没有显著性差异;(3)培养体系稀释度越高,细菌生长速率越高,对数生长期细菌丰度及DOC利用量越低。【结论】综合考虑,建议BDOC和RDOC测定实验中采用抽滤过滤的方式及不进行稀释的培养体系;常用的滤膜和培养体积对BDOC评估无显著影响。结合研究结果,我们提出了评估海洋RDOC的方法。     

浮游植物中叶绿素a提取方法的比较与改进

对水质监测中叶绿素a的提取方法进行改进,采用反复冻融-浸提方法提取叶绿素a,即将过滤水样的滤膜于-20℃冰箱内和室温下反复冻融3～5次后,放进90%丙酮溶液中浸提20h。与标准方法中的研磨法对比,该方法具有人为误差小、稳定性好、结果准确及操作简单安全等优点,适合运用于常规的水质监测。采用该方法时过滤水量对湖水水样的测定结果有影响(P<0.01),对于纯微囊藻液影响不明显(P>0.05)。因此,在对不同叶绿素水平或营养水平的水体采样时,应注意水样的水量。通过方差分析表明该方法中采用醋酸纤维滤膜、微孔滤膜和玻璃纤维滤膜对结果没有显著影响,对这3种滤膜可以进行自由选择。     

应用TFF微孔过滤澄清白喉、破伤风毒素培养液及超滤浓缩的试验

用ＴＦＦ微孔过滤系统对白喉、破伤风毒素培养液分别进行了两次澄清过滤试验,澄清过滤后的毒素上清液立即用ＴＦＦ超滤系统浓缩至原培养液体积的１／１０－１／２０。白喉毒素总回收率分别为８６％、７６．６％,破伤风毒素总回收率为９４．１％、９２％。澄清过滤中白喉毒素平均Ｆ１ｕｘ分别为２３．４、１４．３Ｌ／ｍ２／ｈ,破伤风毒素平均Ｆｌｕｘ为２４及２２．９Ｌ／ｍ２／ｈ。结果表明破伤风两次试验有很好的一致性,白喉毒素回收率差别不甚明显,而两次试验Ｆｌｕｘ相差较大,ＴＦＦ微孔过滤系统用于澄清白喉培养液,滤膜使用后的清洗程序仍需改良,以提高膜滤过功能的恢复。     

快速斑点免疫结合试验的研究进展

快速斑点免疫结合试验（ＤｏｔＩｍｍｕｎｏｂｉｎｄｉｎｇＡｓａｙＤＩＢＡ）是８０年代中期发展起来的固相标记免疫测定技术,其原理是以微孔滤膜为载体,通过渗滤或毛细管作用,使抗原抗体快速进行反应检测数分钟完成,阳性结果在膜上出现着色斑点。近年来,利用微孔滤膜的过滤性能或毛细管作用,创造了各种简便快速的ＤＩＢＡ,如斑点酶免疫渗滤试验,斑点金免疫渗滤试验,斑点免疫层析试验,本文对其原理、反应模式、质量控制、发展趋势及应用作一简要综述     

五羟色胺和褪黑素对红细胞悬浮液粘度及红细胞形状的影响

探讨五羟色胺(5-HT,serotonin)和褪黑素(melatonin)对红细胞悬浮液粘度及红细胞形状的影响.建立五羟色胺温育的红细胞-血浆体系、红细胞-HEPES缓冲溶液体系及褪黑素温育的红细胞-血浆体系、红细胞-HEPES缓冲溶液体系;观察各体系中红细胞悬浮液粘度的改变及其形态变化.用正常的红细胞悬浮液作对照进行比较时发现,五羟色胺和褪黑素温育后的红细胞悬浮液粘度显著下降;五羟色胺温育后的红细胞形状呈梭形,而褪黑素温育后的红细胞形状变化不明显.结果提示:神经内分泌系统对血液粘度有直接影响.这对于揭示血瘀症的分子本质和人体在多种生理及病理状态下的血液流变学异常提供了实验依据.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).