洗涤红细胞输注在早产儿贫血中的应用价值分析

目的:分析洗涤红细胞输注在早产儿贫血中的应用价值。方法:选取2015年10月~2017年11月我院需要输血治疗的贫血早产儿107例,均具有《早产儿管理指南》中的输血指征。采用随机数字表法将患儿分为两组,对照组53例输注红细胞悬浮液,观察组54例输注洗涤红细胞。比较两组患儿输血情况、治疗前后血液流变学相关指标、亚硝基硫醇(RSNO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和苯二醛(MDA)水平的变化及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组患儿输血量、输血次数、输血后血细胞压积和输血后血红蛋白水平比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。输血前,两组患儿全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、RSNO、SOD和MDA水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);输血后,两组全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度及血浆黏度均较输血前显著下降,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组患儿RSNO、SOD水平显著下降,MDA水平显著升高(P<0.05),观察组患儿以上指标均无显著变化(P>0.05)。观察组患儿呼吸暂停和院内感染的发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),两组脑白质损伤及颅内出血的发生率比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:洗涤红细胞输注可显著改善贫血早产儿的血液流变学,降低应激反应及呼吸暂停和院内感染的发生率,且输血量、输血次数、输血后血细胞压积和输血后血红蛋白水平与输注红细胞悬浮液相当。     

急性低氧性缺氧小鼠血液粘度与红细胞流变性变化

目的:观察小鼠急性低氧性缺氧(AHH)后红细胞流变性与血液粘度的变化。方法:32只健康昆明小鼠均分为:对照组、AHH组(复制模型,分为5 min、8 min、11 min三个亚组),在相应时间点,快速颈部脱臼后,从心尖取血,检测各组小鼠血液粘度与红细胞流变性指标。结果:与对照组相比,低氧5 min组各切变率下的全血粘度、全血相对粘度、全血还原粘度均显著降低,红细胞变形指数显著升高;低氧8 min组和低氧11 min组的群体细胞电泳时间显著延长、细胞电泳长度与细胞迁移率显著降低;低氧8 min组的全血相对粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数均显著高于、红细胞变形指数显著低于低氧5 min组。结论:AHH可引起小鼠血液粘度降低、红细胞电泳能力下降。     

临产孕妇血液流变性研究

研究临产孕妇血液流变性的11项指标的改变,并与健康育龄妇女进行对照.结果表明临产孕妇体外血栓形成的长度、血栓湿重、血栓干重、血浆比粘度、红细胞电泳时间及血沉方程K 值等均明显高于对照组(P<0.01).全血比粘度与红细胞压积低于对照组(P<0.05),全血还原粘度、红细胞内粘度和 TK 值在两组间无显著差异.认为在妊娠后期孕妇血液呈高凝状态.其主要原因是红细胞聚集性增高及血浆粘度增高,与红细胞变形能力及红细胞压积关系不明显.文中还探讨了各因素的相互影响。     

大鼠肝癌诱发过程中血粘度及红细胞变形能力的异常改变

为了全面地反映肝癌发生发展整个过程的血液流变性的异常,本实验采用二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌模型,分六个相检测五个切变率下的全血粘度、血浆粘度及红细胞变形能力。结果表明红细胞变形能力随着肿瘤发展逐渐减低,血浆粘度随着诱癌时间延长 渐升高,到肿瘤晚期趋于平缓,而全血粘度先是升高,到诱癌２０周以后反而有下降趋势。     

血小板和红细胞电泳行为的比较和对红细胞电泳减缓因子的探讨

本文报道人血小板和红细胞在自身血浆中电泳时间互呈线性相关。本文还对血浆中某些红细胞电泳减缓因子进行了探讨,结果表明血浆中血脂(包括β脂蛋白、甘油三酯和胆固醇)、球蛋白和纤维蛋白原以及血浆粘度的增加是血浆中红细胞电泳减缓的原因之一。本文还发现红细胞和血小板分别在血浆中和生理盐水中的电泳时间也呈线性相关,这表明细胞膜表面结构的改变也是变化原因之一。     

血小板和红细胞电泳行为的比较和对红细胞电泳减缓因子的探讨

本文报道人血小板和红细胞在自身血浆中电泳时间互呈线性相关。本文还对血浆中某些红细胞电泳减缓因子进行了探讨,结果表明血浆中血脂(包括β脂蛋白、甘油三酯和胆固醇)、球蛋白和纤维蛋白原以及血浆粘度的增加是血浆中红细胞电泳减缓的原因之一。本文还发现红细胞和血小板分别在血浆中和生理盐水中的电泳时间也呈线性相关,这表明细胞膜表面结构的改变也是变化原因之一。     

葛根素对肺心病大鼠血液流变学和肺动脉压的影响

目的:观察葛根素对肺心病大鼠血液流变学和肺动脉压的影响。方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为4组(n=10):对照组,模型组,葛根素低剂量(300 mg/kg ip)和高剂量组(600 mg/kg ip),参考薛氏常压低氧方法建立肺心病大鼠模型,常压低氧4周后测定大鼠血浆粘度,全血粘度,红细胞容积,纤维蛋白原和红细胞聚集指数等血液流变学指标和平均肺动脉压。结果:葛根素能显著降低肺心病大鼠血浆粘度,全血粘度,红细胞容积,纤维蛋白原(P<0.05),对红细胞聚集指数无显著性作用(P>0.05),显著降低模型组降低肺动脉压(P<0.05)。结论:葛根素对肺心病大鼠有治疗效果,为临床治疗肺心病提供实验依据。     

红细胞在微血管狭窄处的力学行为

红细胞的流变能力在整个人体微循环系统中至关重要. 本文采用有限元法结合动网格技术, 对红细胞穿越微血管狭窄处的过程进行了计算机数值模拟. 研究对象包括血浆、红细胞膜、细胞质及微血管狭窄处. 模拟涉及了血浆、细胞质与红细胞膜之间的流固耦合作用以及红细胞膜与微血管狭窄处的接触问题. 结果表明, 红细胞穿越微血管狭窄处的能力受血浆流速与红细胞表面积-体积比的影响较为显著, 且在保持血浆流速不变的条件下, 升高的血浆黏度在一定范围内有助于红细胞穿越微血管狭窄处. 由此认为, 病理状态下微循环内血液流变能力的降低在很大程度上归因于白细胞的增多, 进而引发红细胞的聚集及血液结构的改变. 本研究作为血液流变学的基础研究, 目的在于为临床血液流变学提供一定的理论基础.     

烧伤患者血浆和红细胞游离氨基酸变化及输注氨基酸对其变化的影响

动态测定烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸的含量 ,探讨输入外源性氨基酸后对血及红细胞内游离氨基酸的影响。以日立 835— 5 0型氨基酸自动分析仪测定烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸含量。结果发现烧伤患者血浆总游离氨基酸浓度从伤后到 2 1天均显著降低 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;赖、苯丙和苯丙 酪氨酸比值显著升高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;色、组、精、丙、甘、苏、脯和丝氨酸比值显著降低 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;缬、亮、异亮、酪、胱和支链氨基酸伤后早期降低。烧伤患者红细胞内总游离氨基酸含量不同程度降低 ,其中 1、3、7天降低显著 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;红细胞内苯丙和苯丙 酪氨酸比值未见显著性升高 ;色、蛋、精、脯氨酸含量很低或基本未测出。输注复合氨基酸注射液后未能显著改善患者血及红细胞内游离氨基酸含量。结果提示烧伤患者红细胞内游离氨基酸含量的变化趋势与血浆游离氨基酸变化趋势基本一致 ;烧伤后红细胞内苯丙氨酸及苯丙 酪氨酸比值有别于血浆变化。本研究条件下补充外源性氨基酸未能显著改变烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸的含量     

血液流变学对椎──基底动脉缺血性眩晕的影响

本文采用天津和德国西门子合资产ＴＭ—８８０３型旋转式血液流变仪测定了６４例椎──基底动脉缺血性眩晕血液流变学五项指标。结果表明：椎—基底动脉缺血性眩晕的患者全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞沉降率、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数均明显增高（与健康对照组比较Ｐ＜０．００１,其中血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数Ｐ＜０．０１）,提示血液流变学改变与缺血性眩晕关系密切,作为治疗缺血性眩晕提供了依据。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Vascular volumes and hematology in male and female runners and cyclists

To examine the hypothesis that foot-strike hemolysis alters vascular volumes and selected hematological properties is trained athletes, we have measured total blood volume (TBV), red cell volume (RCV) and plasma volume (PV) in cyclists (n = 21) and runners (n = 17) and compared them to those of untrained controls (n = 20). TBV (ml x kg(-1)) was calculated as the sum of RCV (ml x kg(-1)) and PV (ml x kg(-1)) obtained using 51Cr and 125I-labelled albumin, respectively. Hematological assessment was carried out using a Coulter counter. Peak aerobic power (VO2peak) was measured during progressive exercise to fatigue using both cycle and treadmill ergometry. RCV was 15% higher (P < 0.05) in male cyclists [35.4 (1.0), mean (SE); n = 12] and runners [35.3 (0.98); n = 9] compared to the controls [30.7 (0.92); n = 12]. Similar differences existed between the female cyclists [28.2 (2.1); n = 9] and runners [28.4 (1.0); n = 8] compared to the untrained controls [24.9 (1.4); n = 8]. For the male athletes, PV was between 19% (cyclists) and 28% (runners) higher (P < 0.05) in the trained athletes compared to the untrained controls. The differences in PV between the female groups were not significant. Although the males had a higher (P < 0.05) TBV, RCV and PV than the females, no differences between cyclists and runners were found for either gender. Mean cell volume was not different between the athletic groups. VO2peak (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was higher (P < 0.05) in both male [68.4 (1.5)] and female [54.8 (2.1)] runners when compared to the untrained males [47.1 (1.0)] and females [40.5 (2.1)]. Although differences existed between the genders in VO2peak for both cyclists and runners, no differences were found between the athletic groups within a gender. Since the vascular volumes were not different between cyclists and runners for either the males or females, foot-strike hemolysis would not appear to have an effect on that parameter. The significant correlations (P < 0.05) found between VO2peak and RCV (r = 0.64 and 0.64) and TBV (r = 0.82 and 0.63) for the males and females, respectively, suggests a role for the vascular system in realizing a high aerobic power.     

Microbial and bioconversion production of D-xylitol and its detection and application

D-Xylitol is found in low content as a natural constituent of many fruits and vegetables. It is a five-carbon sugar polyol and has been used as a food additive and sweetening agent to replace sucrose, especially for non-insulin dependent diabetics. It has multiple beneficial health effects, such as the prevention of dental caries, and acute otitis media. In industry, it has been produced by chemical reduction of D-xylose mainly from photosynthetic biomass hydrolysates. As an alternative method of chemical reduction, biosynthesis of D-xylitol has been focused on the metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida strains. In order to detect D-xylitol in the production processes, several detection methods have been established, such as gas chromatography (GC)-based methods, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methods, LC-MS methods, and capillary electrophoresis methods (CE). The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are compared in this review.