高活力5′-磷酸二酯酶制备及水解RNA的研究

目的:获得高活力5′-磷酸二酯酶液,提高核酸RNA酶解效率。方法:采用超滤和盐析技术对从麦芽根浸提液中纯化5′-磷酸二酯酶工艺进行研究,采用单因子试验法优化酶解工艺条件。结果:浸提液依次经过5万Da超滤膜浓缩、40%饱和度硫酸铵盐析、5万Da超滤膜脱盐后,酶活力可达1 500U/ml;第1次超滤膜透过液可作为浸提液循环使用,酶活力是水浸提的1.15倍;第2次超滤膜透过液浓缩5倍后,可回收56.46%硫酸铵,浓缩母液可按1∶2比例循环使用;在底物浓度5.8%、酶用量8%、反应时间2h条件下,RNA酶解率可达95%。结论:初步建立了适合工业化规模的核苷酸生产新工艺。     

羊蹄叶过氧化物酶的纯化和酶学性质研究北大核心CSCD

采用磷酸缓冲液浸提法提取羊蹄叶POD,对影响酶提取的主要因素(料液比、浸提液p H、浸提温度和浸提时间)进行单因素实验和正交实验,用p H沉淀和丙酮沉淀对酶进行了纯化,并研究了其酶学性质。结果表明,羊蹄叶POD的最佳提取条件是料液比为1∶40,提取液p H为9,浸提温度是35℃,浸提时间为30 min。调节提取液的p H为5以及用1倍和0.8倍体积的丙酮沉淀提取液时蛋白相对沉淀量多和酶的比活性大。羊蹄叶POD以愈创木酚和H2O2为底物的Km分别是0.12 mmol/L和0.62×10-3mmol/L。Cu SO4对羊蹄叶POD活性有激活作用,而Zn SO4、Mg SO4、Ca Cl2、KCl和Na Cl对POD活性有抑制作用。研究证明羊蹄叶POD的提取和纯化方法简单有效,其酶学性质为理解羊蹄植物的生长特性和酶学应用提供依据。     

羊蹄叶过氧化物酶的纯化和酶学性质研究

采用磷酸缓冲液浸提法提取羊蹄叶POD,对影响酶提取的主要因素(料液比、浸提液p H、浸提温度和浸提时间)进行单因素实验和正交实验,用p H沉淀和丙酮沉淀对酶进行了纯化,并研究了其酶学性质。结果表明,羊蹄叶POD的最佳提取条件是料液比为1∶40,提取液p H为9,浸提温度是35℃,浸提时间为30 min。调节提取液的p H为5以及用1倍和0.8倍体积的丙酮沉淀提取液时蛋白相对沉淀量多和酶的比活性大。羊蹄叶POD以愈创木酚和H2O2为底物的Km分别是0.12 mmol/L和0.62×10-3mmol/L。Cu SO4对羊蹄叶POD活性有激活作用,而Zn SO4、Mg SO4、Ca Cl2、KCl和Na Cl对POD活性有抑制作用。研究证明羊蹄叶POD的提取和纯化方法简单有效,其酶学性质为理解羊蹄植物的生长特性和酶学应用提供依据。     

怀地黄多糖双酶法提取工艺研究

本文对怀地黄多糖（polysaccharide of Rehmannia glutinosa f.hueichingensis（Chan et Schih）Hsiao,简称为RGP）双酶法提取工艺（Extracting technology by dienzyme,简称DEET）的条件进行了研究和探讨。双酶提取法即在第一次浸提时分别加入纤维素酶和中性蛋白酶两种生物酶进行多糖的辅助提取。本实验选取提取温度、纤维素酶加量、提取液pH、固液比四个因素,以多糖含量作为指标,通过L9（3^4）正交实验确定此工艺的最佳工艺参数。结果表明：RGP双酶法提取的最佳工艺参数为：浸提温度65℃、浸提液pH5．5、纤维素酶加量7．5％、固液比为1：30;浸提液浓缩比为4：1、沉降剂乙醇添加量5倍于浸提液体积;脱蛋白采用浸提过程中中性蛋白酶脱蛋白法与浸提后Sevag脱蛋白法联合应用方法（简称“S＋N”法）,提取得到的RGP含量及得率可分别为60．26％和8．97％。较传统的水浸醇沉提取工艺RGP含量及得率分别提高了1．5倍和1．4倍。     

烟草废料不同方法浸提烟碱的研究

对利用烟草废料浸提烟碱进行了研究,探讨了浸提温度、时间、液固比、浸提溶剂等因素对浸提的影响。实验结果表明,使用乙醇作为浸提溶剂,在78℃,液固比5：1,浸提时间6．5h的条件下,浸提液中烟碱质量浓度为19．3mg/mL。用微波处理时,可以用水作为浸提溶剂,浸提液中烟碱质量浓度为11．1mg/mL。     

微小毛霉凝乳酶的分离纯化研究

研究微小毛霉(HL-1)凝乳酶的分离纯化条件及方法。研究酶的最适浸提温度、酶的浸提pH值和最适浸提时间,探讨离子浓度、加水量对浸提效率的影响,利用高速冷冻离心法、有机溶剂沉淀法,膜分离法和层析法等对粗酶液进行了分离。利用光谱法对纯化样品进行检测。酶的最适浸提温度为30℃;最适pH为6.0;浸提10 h活力最高;1%的氯化钠有利于酶的分离,加水比例为15时有利于提取,在10 000 r/min下离心10min澄清效果最好,95%的酒精沉淀效果最好,利用0.2μm的微滤膜可除去发酵液中的菌体,8 000的超滤膜可拦截凝乳酶蛋白,S300的填料可有效分离凝乳酶,纯度达95%以上。     

松嫩平原盐碱土饱和浸提液与土水比1:5浸提液间化学参数的换算关系

采用饱和浸提液与土水比1:5浸提液两种方法分析了松嫩平原94份盐碱土样品的电导率、钠吸附比、主要阳离子(Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+)以及总阳离子浓度等化学参数,并对两种方法测定的盐碱化参数相关性进行了研究.结果表明:饱和浸提液电导率、钠吸附比、总阳离子浓度、Na+离子浓度与土水比1:5浸提液相应参数存在极显著的相关关系,其关系方程可用于松嫩平原盐碱土饱和浸提液与1:5浸提液间化学参数的换算;而K+、Ca2+、Mg2+离子浓度在两种浸提液间不存在相关性.     

饲用型青霉α-半乳糖苷酶活力测定的研究

研究了比色法测定饲用α-半乳糖苷酶活力,以对硝基苯酚-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷为底物和对硝基苯酚作标准产物。酶活力的测定条件受很多因素的影响,如酶浸提液的pH、酶液稀释倍数、反应温度、作用时间。其中稀释倍数和pH的影响较为显著。稀释酶液的酶活测定值在0．02～0．07U／mL内较为合适。考虑到动物饲用酶制剂的特殊性,测定α-半乳糖苷酶活力时建议规定pH为5．5,反应温度为40℃。根据研究结果,反应时间采用10min,比色波长405nm为宜。     

膜技术提取玫瑰茄红色素工艺的初步研究

初步研究了用膜分离技术提取玫瑰茄红色素的工艺过程。选用微滤膜对浸提液进行精滤,再用纳滤膜浓缩滤液,确定微滤、纳滤膜的操作条件。研究表明,膜法提取玫瑰茄红色素是一种颇有前途的新技术。     

猪肝过氧化氢酶提取条件的研究

过氧化氢酶又称触酶,专一分解过氧化氢,溶于水,几乎不溶于乙醇、氯仿、乙醚。传统方法是从牛、马或人的红细胞、肝、肾中通过选择性沉淀法、缓冲液提取法、层析法等提取过氧化氢酶。本研究以猪肝为原料对过氧化氢酶的提取条件进行了试验。根据猪肝过氧化氢酶在pH5．3—8．0有活性、最适pH为7．0、溶于水的特性,采用水浸提法提取猪肝过氧化氢酶。先选择影响提取的主要因素(浸提时间、温度、料水比)分别作为单因素进行梯度实验,确定其合适范围;再通过进一步的正交实验得到猪肝过氧化氢酶提取条件的优化组合,并综合后处理中固液分离的要求,确定最佳提取条件,即料水比15、浸提温度25℃、浸提时间8h。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.