内皮素-1 mRNA反义寡核苷酸预防大鼠急性缺血性心律失常

本实验夹闭雄性ＳＤ大鼠冠状动脉左前降支（ＬＡＤ）造成急性心肌缺血,观察ＬＡＤ闭塞后１ｈ内缺血性心律失常的发生。在ＬＡＤ夹闭前２ｈ,静脉注射本室设计的人内皮素－１ｍＲＮＡ反义寡核苷酸（ＡＳ－ＯＤＮ）以阻断ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ表达,观察ＡＳ－ＯＤＮ对血浆ＥＴ－１浓度和急性缺血性心律失常的影响。     

蓝斑在刺激视上核镇痛中的作用

应用核团微量注射、放射免疫测定（ＲＩＡ）和高压液相（ＨＰＬＣ）观察了刺激视上核（ＳＯＮ）对蓝斑（ＬＣ）灌流液中催产素（ＯＴ）、精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）、去甲明上素（ＮＥ）和５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）的含量的变化以及斑注射Ｏ笔ＡＶＰ的拮抗剂对痛阈（ＰＴ）的影响。结果表明;刺激ＳＯＮ后３０到９０ｍｉｎ,ＬＣ灌流液中ＯＴ的含量,３０ｍｉｎＡＶＰ的含量,６０ｍｉｎ５－ＨＴ的含量明显增加,而ＮＥ的含量在３０和６０     

外周炎性刺激条件下大鼠脊髓背角PPE mRNA及L-ENK样品和μ阿片受体样阳性结构的变化

以鹿角菜胶（ＣＡＲ）注射到大鼠一侧后爪的足底皮下作为伤害性刺激模型,分别于ＣＡＲ刺激后６、１２ｈ和１、３ｄ处死动物,对照组动物仅将盐水注入一侧后爪足底皮下,用原位杂交法和免疫组织化学法观察前原脑啡肽（ＰＰＥ）ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元、亮氨酸脑啡肽（Ｌ－ＥＮＫ）和μ阿片受体（ＭＯＲ）样阳性结构在大鼠脊髓背角（ＳＤＨ）的分布和变化。对照组大鼠ＳＤＨ内可见到大量ＰＰＥｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元,这些阳性神经元主要分布于Ⅰ、Ⅱ层和Ⅴ、Ⅵ层,ＣＡＲ刺激后６ｈ,刺激侧ＳＤＨ中ＰＰＥｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元的数量明显增多,１２ｈ和１ｄ达到最高水平,３ｄ时略有下降,但仍高于正常水平。Ｌ－ＥＮＫ样阳性纤维和终末主要分布于正常大鼠ＳＤＨ的Ⅰ、Ⅱ层,ＣＡＲ刺激后１ｄ,Ｌ－ＥＮＫ样阳性结构在刺激侧ＳＤＨ中的密度略有升高,３ｄ后下降直至低于正常水平。ＭＯＲ阳性胞体和纤维主要分布于ＳＤＨ的Ⅱ层,ＣＡＲ刺激后１ｄ,刺激侧Ⅱ层中ＭＯＲ阳性结构明显增加,并持续到刺激后３ｄ。上述结果提示阿片类物质在伤害性信息调控中具有重要作用。     

外源TGF—β1基因在小鼠ES细胞中的表达及其对细胞分化的影响

本文利用逆转录病毒载体Ｄｏｌ,在其ＢａｍＨＩ酶切位点插入猪ＴＧＦ－β１ １．７ｋｂｃＫＮＡ,构建成表达质粒,并用磷酸钙沉淀法将该质粒ＤＮＡ转染到小鼠ＥＳ－５细胞,经Ｇ４１８筛选获得抗Ｇ４１８的ＥＳ－５细胞克隆（ＥＳ－Ｔ）,经ＲＮＡ点杂交,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交证明有６个细胞克隆能表达外源猪ＴＧＦ－β１的ｍＲＮＡ,其中两个杂交信号较强的克隆进一步用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交,也证明猪ＴＧＦ－μ     

一氧化氮抑制内皮素促血管平滑肌细胞增殖作用的信号转导途径

培养的家兔胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）分别以内皮素（ＥＴ－１）、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）前体Ｌ－Ａｒｇ和ＮＯ供体ＳＩＮ－１刺激,或用ＥＴ－１＋Ｌ－Ａｒｇ、ＥＴ－１＋ＳＩＮ－１联合刺激,测ＶＳＭＣ＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入、丝裂素活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）活性及蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）活性的改变,以研究ＮＯ抑制ＥＴ－１促ＶＳＭＣ增殖作用的信号转导途径。结果表明：（１）ＥＴ－１ １０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ单独刺激,＾３Ｈ－     

氯氨酮和L-NAME抑制模拟高原低氧大鼠下丘脑NOS和生长抑素mRNA的表达

用高原低氧模型及原位杂交、ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ组织化学法,探讨氯氨酮和Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ对急性高原低氧大鼠下丘脑一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）和生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ（ＳＳ ｍＲＮＡ）表达的影响。结果表明,急性高原低氧引起下丘脑ＮＯＳ和ＳＳ ｍＲＮＡ过度表达,如先用ＮＭＤＡ受体拮抗剂氯氨酮和ＮＯＳ抑制剂Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ预处理,ＮＯＳ和ＳＳ ｍＲＮＡ的表达均明显被抑制。结果提示,ＮＭＤＡ受体参与了急生高原低氧引起的下丘脑ＮＯＳ和     

mRNA很可能携带三维遗传信息(英文)

ｍＲＮＡ很可能携带三维遗传信息ＭＥＳＳＥＮＧＥＲＲＮＡＰＲＯＢＡＢＬＹＣＡＲＲＩＥＳＴＨＥＴＨＲＥＥ－ＤＩＭＥＮＳＩＯＮＡＬＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅ－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｓｔｒｕ...     

根信号及其在植物水分利用最优化中的调节作用

根信号及其在植物水分利用最优化中的调节作用李跃强,王学臣（北京农业大学生物学院,北京１０００９４）ＲＯＯＴＳＩＧＮＡＬＳＡＮＤＩＴＳＲＯＬＥＳＩＮＴＨＥＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＷＡＴＥＲＵＳＥＩＮＰＬＡＮＴ￥ＬｉＹｕｅ－ｑｉａｎｇ;ＷａｎｇＸｕｅ...     

大鼠内侧隔核、斜角带中NOS与ChAT、NGF-R、AChE的共存神经元

用酶组织化学和免疫组织化学双标技术,观察了正常ＳＤ大鼠基底前脑内侧隔核（ＭＳ）、斜角带垂直支（ＶＤＢ）和水平支（ＨＤＢ）中ＮＯＳ阳性神经元的形态和分布及ＮＯＳ与胆碱能神经元标志物ＣｈＡＴ、ＮＧＦ受体（ＮＧＦ－Ｒ）和ＡＣｈＥ之间的共存关系。结果发现,ＭＳ、ＶＤＢ和ＨＤＢ的头端ＮＯＳ阳性神经元较多、胞体较大、突起多,尾端ＮＯＳ阳性神经元数目较少、胞体较小、突起少而短。ＮＯＳ＋ＣｈＡＴ双标神经元占ＮＯＳ阳性神经元总数的９０％,占ＣｈＡＴ阳性神经元总数的３９％;ＮＯＳ＋ＮＧＦ－Ｒ双标神经元占ＮＯＳ阳性神经元总数的８３％,占ＮＧＦ－Ｒ阳性神经元总数的４０％;ＮＯＳ＋ＡＣｈＥ双标神经元占ＮＯＳ阳性神经元总数的９６％,占ＡＣｈＥ阳性神经元总数的３９％。这些结果为研究Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ＇ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅ病理过程中基底前脑隔区胆碱能神经元退变与ＮＯ的关系提供了形态学依据。     

左旋精氨酸对低氧性肺动脉高压治疗作用的实验研究

目的：探讨结构型一氧化氮合酶（ｃＮＯＳ）,内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）在低氧性肺动脉高压（ＨＰＨ）发病中的机制及左旋精氢酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）对ＨＰＨ的治疗作用。方法：３０只健康雄性ＳＤ大鼠平均分为三组：正常对照组（ＮＣ组）、低氧组（ＨＰ组）、低氧左旋精氨酸治疗组（ＬＴ组）。后组每日低氧前给予２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ Ｌ－Ａｒｇ。于低氧２１ｄ检测运动血流动力学,肺组织ＮＯ、ＥＴ－１含量,肺动脉内皮ｃＮＯＳ含量的改变,     

内皮素—1预处理大鼠心脏Gaq／11和Gia蛋白含量的变化

The present study was undertaken to explore the mechanism of G protein-mediated signal transduction pathway during endothelin-1 (ET-1) pre-treatment and ischemic preconditioning (IP). Rats were divided into four groups: ET-1, IP, ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) and control groups. ET-1 pre-treatment model was prepared by administrating 0.5 nmol/(L.kg) ET-1 into rat left ventricle, whereas IP model was prepared by ligating the left coronary artery for 5 min followed by 30 min reperfusion. All the animals were subjected to 60 min regional ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion alternately and then parameters of ventricular arrhythmia and expression of cardiac Galphaq/11 and Gialpha2 were measured. The results showed that the scores of ventricular arrhythmia decreased significantly in both ET-1 and IP treated groups as compared with IR group. In comparison with control group, Galphaq/11 increased by 77.8% (P<0.05) and 110.6% (P<0.01) in IP and ET-1 group respectively. Gialpha2 showed no significant difference in IP group, while it decreased by 31.0% (P<0.01) in ET-1 group. In conclusion, activation of G alphaq/11 may be related to the protecting mechanism of ET-1 pre-treatment and IP, whereas Gialpha2 may only play a role in ET-1 pre-treatment.     

表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯抑制TNF-a和IL-1β在小鼠皮肤烫伤修复期间的表达

肿瘤坏死因子-a(tumor necrosis factor-a,TNF-a)和白细胞介素-1β(interleukin, IL-1β)在创伤修复中起着至关重要的作用.本研究利用小鼠皮肤深II度烫伤模型,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测烫伤部位组织Tnf-a mRNA和Il-1β mRNA的表达水平以及TNF-a和IL-1β的含量,以探讨表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯(EGCG)对小鼠皮肤烫伤修复期间TNF-a和IL-1β表达的影响.结果显示,用0.2 mg/g EGCG膏剂涂敷烫伤皮肤,处理12 h可致组织Tnf-a mRNA表达水平和TNF-a含量下降,处理24 h可致组织Il-1β mRNA表达水平和IL-1β含量下降.上述结果提示0.2 mg/g EGCG处理能抑制烫伤组织TNF-a和IL-1β的表达,减弱创伤组织的炎症反应,有助于创伤组织的修复.     

Reduction of cardiac endothelin-1 by angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist in viral myocarditis of mice

Renin angiotensin system contributes to activation of circulating endothelin in congestive heart failure. To investigate the effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonist and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on the levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), we administered orally angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist, L-158,809 (ATA) (6, 1.2 and 0.12 mg/kg/day), enalapril (1 mg/kg/day) and captopril (7.5 mg/kg/day) for 14 days to mice with viral myocarditis, beginning 7 days after encephalomyocarditis virus (500 pfu/mouse) inoculation. Plasma ET-1, cardiac ET-1, heart weight (HW) and HW/ body weight (BW) ratio were examined and compared with infected untreated mice. Moreover, the HW (mg) and HW/BW (x 10(-3)) ratio were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in mice treated with ATA and ACEIs in comparison with infected control. ACEIs and higher dosed of ATA reduced myofiber hypertrophy. Both of plasma and cardiac ET-1 proteins were significantly elevated in infected control compared with uninfected normal mice. Plasma ET-1 was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in mice with three different concentrations of ATA but were not decreased in mice with captopril or enalapril compared with infected control. The expression of endothelin-1 mRNA was significantly reduced in mice with ATA in comparison with infected untreated mice by competitive RT-PCR. ATA reduced ET-1 protein and mRNA in the myocardium of mice with myocarditis, improving congestive heart failure and myofiber hypertrophy. We suggest the effect of ATA on the reduction of endothelin has a different pathway from angiotensin converting inhibitor and that ATA seems to be a useful agents for congestive heart failure due to viral myocarditis.     

烫伤对大鼠下丘脑视上核、室旁核AVP神经元的影响──免疫电镜观察及形态计量分析

为研究加压素与应激的关系,我们曾应用免疫细胞化学（ＰＡＰ）方法结合图像分析技术观察到烫伤应激后２小时视上核、室旁核加压素神经元免疫反应阳性物质的总体积减小最明显。本文采用免疫电镜技术,进一步观察了烫伤后２小时视上核、室旁核加压素神经元超微结构的变化,并运用体视学方法定量分析了对照组及烫伤后２小时组视上核、室分校加压素神经元各２４０张照片的粗面内质网、高尔基复合体及线粒体的体积密度（Ｖｖ）、面积密度（Ｓｖ）、面数密度（Ｎａ）等。结果显示：烫伤后２小时组视上核、室旁核加压素神经元的粗面内质网的Ｖｖ．Ｓｖ显著增大,说明合成功能已开始增强,但是,高尔基复合体的Ｖｖ、Ｓｖ及阳性分泌颗粒却显著减少,因而引起总体积的缩小。从超微结构水平进一步证实加压素参与应激过程。     

烫伤大鼠脑底动脉壁内含内皮素-1能神经纤维的形态学变化

目的探讨烫(烧)伤损伤时大鼠脑血管内皮素-1能神经纤维分布与脑血管神经源性调节的关系,以及烫(烧)伤对脑血管损伤的影响。方法应用免疫组织化学技术观察烫(烧)伤大鼠脑底动脉(包括大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉和基底动脉)内皮素-1能神经纤维的分布。结果烫(烧)伤大鼠和正常大鼠脑底动脉均可见棕褐色的内皮素-1能免疫反应阳性神经纤维,似细线状,攀附于血管壁上,烫(烧)伤大鼠脑底动脉各主要分支内皮素-1能免疫反应阳性纤维密度较正常大鼠明显增加,纤维走行大多呈网状。结论烫(烧)伤可引起大鼠脑底动脉内皮素-1能免疫反应阳性神经纤维增加,增加的内皮素-1能神经纤维可能诱发脑血管痉挛和脑血液循环紊乱。提示内皮素-1能神经纤维在烫(烧)伤后在脑血管的神经源性调节中可能起重要的作用。     

Endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 stimulate prostaglandin E2 secretion from the rat median eminence.

The in vitro effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) on the release of prostaglandin (PG)E2 from the rat median eminence were investigated. The addition of ET-1 from 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M stimulated PGE2 release in a dose-dependent manner (from 10.5 +/- 2.1 to 54.4 +/- 5.6 pg/ME fragment/30 min; mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.001). ET-3 also stimulated the release of PGE2 from 10(-7) M to 10(-5) M dose dependently (from 18.1 +/- 0.7 to 60.9 +/- 17.4 pg/ME fragment/30 min p less than 0.05). The time course effect of ET-3 (10(-6) M) showed that PGE2 release was stimulated within five minutes (control, 1.5 +/- 0.5; ET-3, 15.8 +/- 3.0 pg/ME fragment/5 min, p less than 0.01). These results suggest that ET-1 and ET-3 have some physiological effects on the rat median eminence.     

内皮素-1预处理对培养乳鼠心肌细胞低氧损伤的保护作用

实验观察了 0 0 1- 1nmol/L内皮素 1(ET 1)预处理对低氧孵育 ( 3 %O2 5 %CO2 ,12h)的培养乳鼠心肌细胞乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)释放量、培养液上清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性以及丙二醛 (MDA)含量的影响。用Fluo 3 /AM负载培养的心肌细胞 ,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下监测急性低氧的心肌细胞 [Ca2 +]i 的变化和ET 1预处理对低氧所致 [Ca2 +]i 变化的影响。结果如下 :( 1)心肌细胞低氧孵育 12h后 ,培养液上清LDH活力和MDA含量较常氧对照组明显升高 ,分别为 43 3 3± 1 2 1U/Lvs 19 3 3± 1 0 3U/L和 1 71± 0 0 2nmol/Lvs 0 91± 0 0 3nmol/L (P<0 0 1) ,SOD活性为 16 93± 1 11U/ml明显低于常氧对照组的 3 3 48± 1 15U/ml (P <0 0 1) ;0 0 1- 1nmol/LET 1预处理呈浓度依赖性抑制低氧培养心肌细胞LDH释放 ,减少培养液上清MDA含量、提高SOD活性 (P <0 0 1)。 ( 2 )低氧灌流后 2 9± 1 5s (n =2 3 )心肌细胞自发性钙瞬变完全终止 ,[Ca2 +]i 升高了 10 7± 13 2 % (P <0 0 0 1) ;0 0 1- 1nmol/LET 1能明显加快心肌细胞钙瞬变的频率 (P <0 0 1) ;ET 1预处理后低氧所致钙瞬变终止的时间较单纯低氧组明显推迟 ,[Ca2 +]i过度升高被明显减轻 (P <0 0 1)。上述结果表明 ,0 0 1- 1nmol/LET 1预处理可减轻培     

活性氧介导内皮素-1诱导的培养新生大鼠心肌细胞肥大

实验在原代培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞中进行,检测内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)及其他药物对心肌细胞活性氧(reactiveoxygen species,ROS)产生和心肌细胞肥大的作用,以探讨ROS在ET-1诱导的心肌细胞肥大信号通路中的作用及ROS与蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)活化的关系。细胞内ROS水平用ROS敏感的荧光探针2,7-dichlorofluorescin dictate(DCF-DA)反映,心肌细胞肥大通过细胞内RNA含量、细胞内蛋白质含量、细胞表面积大小来确定。实验结果如下:单独使用ET-1后,心肌细胞内反应ROS含量的DCF-DA荧光值比对照组增加77%,反应心肌肥大的PI荧光值、细胞内蛋白质含量、细胞表面积也分别比对照组增加128%、87%和151%。ET-1合用内皮素受体A亚型(ET_A)受体拮抗剂ABT-627、PKC抑制剂CC或过氧化氢酶后,DCF-DA的增加分别减弱62%、60%和51%,同时心肌细胞肥大也被抑制,单独使用PKC激动剂佛波醇脂(PMA)也能使DCF-DA的产生比对照组增加74%。因此,在ET-1诱导心肌细胞肥大的过程中,ET-1能够使心肌细胞产生ROS和诱导ROS依赖的心肌细胞肥大,这一作用依赖于ET_A受体的激活和PKC的活化,·ROS在ET-1诱导心肌细胞肥大中起信号传递的作用。     

痛风患者血管内皮功能及颈动脉粥样硬化的临床研究

目的:观察痛风患者氧化应激指标与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的变化,探讨高尿酸引起内皮功能损伤和颈动脉粥样硬化的机制。方法:选择痛风患者123例,正常健康者116例,检测两组患者血尿酸、细胞间粘附分子1(ICAM-1)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、纤溶酶原激活抑制剂-1(PAI-1)、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、HDL-C、LDL-C、TC、TG等糖、脂代谢指标及颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)。分析痛风患者内皮损伤相关因子水平和颈动脉IMT的关系。结果:痛风组血清细胞间粘附分子1(ICAM-1)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、纤溶酶原激活抑制剂-1(PAI-1)水平较对照组增高,颈动脉IMT明显增厚,NO水平较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血尿酸水平、ICAM-1、ET-1、PAI-1与IMT密切相关(P0.01)。结论:痛风患者较对照组存在更明显的代谢紊乱,血管内皮功能损伤,更易发生动脉粥样硬化。     

Effect of nephrectomy and of adrenergic receptor blockers on the cardiorenal actions of endothelin

The cardiorenal actions of endothelin-1 (ET-1) were evaluated in rats following nephrectomy, in rats during alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine, and in rats during beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. Female rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital and, following surgery, were allowed 60 min to stabilize before 3 x 20 min-control clearances were collected. ET-1 was then infused at a rate of 100 ng kg-1 min-1 for 30 min, the infusion was stopped, and three additional clearances were collected. Four groups of rats were studied: in Group 1 (n = 10), ET-1 was infused; in Group 2 (n = 5), a bilateral nephrectomy was performed 120 min before infusing ET-1; in Group 3 (n = 5), ET-1 was infused into rats treated with phentolamine (0.015 mg kg-1 min-1); and in Group 4 (n = 5), ET-1 was infused into rats treated with propranolol (0.015 mg kg-1 min-1). At 30 min during infusion of ET-1 into Group 1 rats, mean arterial blood pressure had increased (P less than 0.01) by 27 +/- 2% (SE) and the glomerular filtration rate had decreased (P less than 0.01) by 71 +/- 6% of baseline values. Nephrectomy potentiated and prolonged the ET-1-induced systemic vasoconstriction. Phentolamine had no effect on the cardiorenal actions of ET-1 whereas propranolol enhanced ET-1-induced changes in mean arterial blood pressure; mean arterial blood pressure increased 38 +/- 2% at 30 min during ET-1 + propranolol infusion (P less than 0.01 versus value with ET-1 alone). These data indicate that the kidney affects ET-1-induced systemic vasoconstriction and that beta-adrenergic (but not alpha-adrenergic) receptors are activated during infusion of ET-1 with a resultant attenuation of ET-1-induced changes in systemic blood pressure.