基于细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因的小蜡螟系统进化分析

【目的】小蜡螟Achroia Grisella Fabricius作为蜂业生产中的主要虫害,为确认它在鳞翅目昆虫中的遗传地位,本研究克隆了小蜡螟细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因COⅠ,并对其序列进行相关生物信息学分析。【方法】根据NCBI已登录鳞翅目昆虫线粒体基因组mtDNA中COⅠ基因保守序列设计简并引物,以小蜡螟基因组为模板进行PCR,克隆并测序得到小蜡螟mtDNA CO Ⅰ基因序列(GenBank登录号:MF509586)。【结果】对CO Ⅰ基因编码区进行序列分析发现,其翻译的起始码子为TTG,以碱基T作为不完全终止;通过CO Ⅰ基因同源性和遗传距离分析发现,小蜡螟与大蜡螟Galleria mellonella同源性最高且遗传距离最近,分别为88.3%、0.117。系统进化分析发现,小蜡螟与其它鳞翅目昆虫聚为一支,其中螟蛾科昆虫大蜡螟、小蜡螟、米蛾Corcyra cephalonica和梢斑螟Corcyra cephalonica聚在一个小的分支。【结论】小蜡螟与大蜡螟的进化地位最为相近,也说明了利用CO Ⅰ基因可以区分同属不同种的蜡螟,研究结果为了解小蜡螟的遗传背景提供理论基础。     

欧洲型舞毒蛾气味受体基因OrCo的克隆及序列分析

【目的】克隆欧洲型舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar Linnaeus的OrCo气味受体基因,并分析其序列特征,为进一步研究舞毒蛾嗅觉机制提供有益参考。【方法】本研究利用RT-PCR和RACE方法,克隆获得欧洲型舞毒蛾OrCo受体基因cDNA全长序列,将该基因命名为LdisOrCo,在GenBank中的登录号为KF482409。【结果】序列分析结果显示,LdisOrCo开放阅读框全长为1 311 bp,编码436个氨基酸,序列中有7个跨膜区和高度保守的C端区域。序列联配分析表明,LdisOrCo基因的氨基酸序列与近缘种灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis Or83b)的同源性高达89%,与鞘翅目台湾黑金龟(Holotrichia plumbea Or83b)同源性高达64%,与已经报道的其他昆虫的嗅觉受体同源性都在60%以上,特别是在C端几乎完全一致。【结论】嗅觉受体OrCo(Olfactory receptor coreceptor)在不同昆虫体内高度保守,克隆欧洲型舞毒蛾OrCo基因可以为进一步研究舞毒蛾气味受体的功能,OrCo基因的进化以及揭秘嗅觉机制奠定基础。     

锤胁跷蝽YsigOrco基因的克隆、鉴定与表达

昆虫对气味的识别需要专门的嗅觉受体ORs,而嗅觉受体需要与一个保守的非典型嗅觉受体Orco结合成异源杂合体才能起嗅觉作用。有关Orco的同源基因在其它种昆虫中已经被鉴定出来。本研究通过对前期锤胁跷蝽触角转录组数据分析和RT-PCR,也鉴定出了一个Orco基因,并通过q RT-PCR对该基因的组织表达谱进行分析。结果表明,锤胁跷蝽Orco基因ORF全长1 425 bp,编码474个氨基酸残基,包含7个跨膜区,其中C端在膜外,N端在膜内;氨基酸序列对比发现,该基因与其它昆虫Orco同源基因相似度较高,因此,将该基因命名为Ysig Orco(基因登录号:KY883444);实时荧光定量PCR分析显示,Ysig Orco在锤胁跷蝽的雌虫和雄虫触角中表达量较高,但二者之间差异不显著,在胸部、足和喙等不同组织中有少量表达。     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂嗅觉受体基因 CchlOrco 的克隆及组织表达谱分析

【目的】昆虫的嗅觉受体（olfactory receptors, ORs）一般以气味分子特异的ORs与共受体（ co-Receptor, Orco）通过形成异质二聚体在嗅觉感受中发挥关键作用,其中Orco由于具有序列的保守性而受到广泛的重视。本研究旨在克隆棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂 Campoletis chlorideae 的Orco基因,并对其组织表达谱进行分析。【方法】利用RT-PCR技术和转录组分析技术克隆棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的Orco基因,并对其编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析;利用Real-time PCR技术对该基因在该蜂成虫不同组织中的表达量进行分析。【结果】获得了棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂 Orco 的全长cDNA序列,命名为 CchlOrco（GenBank登录号：KP255444）。序列分析表明, 该基因开放阅读框全长1 437 bp,编码478个氨基酸,预测该氨基酸序列具有7个跨膜区。CchlOrco 主要在成虫触角中表达,且在雄蜂触角中的表达量最高,是雌蜂触角中表达量的8.0倍,而在其他组织中表达量极低。【结论】本研究克隆了棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂 CchlOrco 序列全长,明确了其在成虫不同组织中的表达水平,为进一步研究该基因及其他嗅觉受体基因功能奠定了基础。     

东方蜜蜂气味受体基因Or1和Or2的克隆与序列分析

本研究采用自行设计的引物对东方蜜蜂Apis cerana Fabricius气味受体(odorant receptors)Or1、Or2的部分基因组序列(GenBank登录号为:JN544932,JN544931)进行了克隆、测序和分析,以探寻传统气味受体(AcOr1)和非典型气味受体(AcOr2)基因在近缘种昆虫间的进化差异。试验所得的东方蜜蜂气味受体基因Or1、Or2的序列长度分别为1247bp和1138bp,各包含4个和2个内含子,编码区序列长度分别为682、686 bp。经序列比对发现,两气味受体DNA序列在东、西方蜜蜂及熊蜂间差异较大,最低相似性仅为56%(AcOr1—BtOr82a-like),差异的主要来源为内含子长度及其碱基的变异,而编码区氨基酸序列相似性较高,均达85%以上;从整体分析来看,在膜翅目昆虫中,非典型气味受体AcOr2较传统气味受体AcOr1是相对保守的气味受体基因。     

粉纹夜蛾类Cry1Ac受体氨肽酶N cDNA片段的克隆与分析

设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR方法对粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)细胞系BTI-TN5B-4的氨肽酶N (aminopeptidase N, APN)基因cDNA片段进行了克隆和序列分析, 通过两对引物扩增出了两种氨肽酶N基因的cDNA片段, 大小分别为188 bp 和564 bp,分别命名为AS188（GenBank登录号: CD809324）和AS564（GenBank登录号: CD809326）。对这两个片段推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析, 结果表明两者与已报道的鳞翅目昆虫中肠的Cry1Ac 毒素受体氨肽酶N有较高的同源性。     

大螟热激蛋白83基因克隆及序列分析

【目的】近年来,大螟Sesamia inferens(Walker)对水稻的为害逐渐加重并成为水稻的重要害虫之一。HSP83家族作为分子伴侣参与生物生长发育并对外界刺激产生响应,对生物功能蛋白质的正确折叠及胁迫信号传递有着重要意义。本研究旨在克隆大螟HSP90家族HSP83基因的c DNA及基因组全长序列,分析其基本特性。【方法】应用RT-PCR及RACE技术从大螟中克隆HSP83基因的c DNA序列;获取基因组序列,进行基因组验证,并与c DNA序列比较分析其有无内含子;进行系统发育分析。【结果】大螟HSP83基因被命名为Sihsp83(Gen Bank登录号:KM077137),长度为2 496 bp,开放阅读框长2 154 bp,编码717个氨基酸,推测分子量为82.6 ku。该基因编码的氨基酸序列中含有5个HSP90家族保守序列,在C-末端存在细胞质定位信号。大螟HSP83基因组序列长度为2 218 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KM077138),不含内含子。在系统发育树中,大螟HSP83与其他夜蛾科昆虫的HSP90家族聚为一支。【结论】获得的大螟HSP83基因是HSP90基因家族成员;大螟的HSP83是细胞质热激蛋白,具有很高的保守性。     

嗜线虫致病杆菌血腔毒素Tp40的纯化和特性分析

[目的]嗜线虫致病杆菌是一种昆虫病原线虫共生菌,它能够产生多种杀虫毒素.本研究旨在从嗜线虫致病杆菌Xenorhabdus nematophila HB310菌株的细胞内纯化新的杀虫蛋白毒素,并对其进行基因克隆和序列分析.[方法]应用盐析和制备型非变性凝胶电泳等方法纯化蛋白,再通过对5龄大蜡螟幼虫血腔注射进行活性筛选.对获得的目的蛋白与已知蛋白进行同源分析,克隆出该目的蛋白的基因序列,从而进行相应的基因和氨基酸序列分析.[结果]本研究纯化的Tp40蛋白对大蜡螟LD50为68.54 ng/头,其SDS-PAGE电泳图谱只显示出一条分子量约为42 kDa的多肽.Western印迹分析表明Tp40与已知的Txp40为同源蛋白,并且仅存在于细胞内.编码该蛋白的基因开放读码框全长1107bp(GenBank登录号:EU095326),编码368个氨基酸残基,预测分子量为41.5 kDa,等电点为8.66,与GenBank中的其余13株昆虫病原线虫共生菌所包含的相似基因核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列比较,同源性分别为85%～99%和70%～99%.[结论]Tp40蛋白具有很高的血腔杀虫活性,其基因序列具有较强的保守性,是昆虫病原线虫共生菌复合体杀虫过程中的一种关键因子.     

棉卷叶野螟泛素基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

本研究用RT-PCR方法,克隆了棉卷叶野螟Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius)泛素基因编码区,GenBank登录号为EU580145。序列分析表明,该编码区长228 bp,编码76个氨基酸,推测的编码蛋白的相对分子质量和等电点分别为8.53 kD和5.83。同源性比较发现,棉卷叶野螟泛素基因与其他10种昆虫泛素基因在氨基酸水平上具有93%以上的相似性。系统发育树显示棉卷叶野螟与斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)遗传距离较近,通过同源建模获得了该棉卷叶野螟基因编码蛋白的理论三维结构。将棉卷叶野螟泛素基因与pET-32a(+)连接,构建原核表达载体pET-32a-ub,经IPTG诱导,棉卷叶野螟泛素基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3) 中高效表达。本研究成功克隆了棉卷叶野螟泛素基因的编码区,并经Western blotting分析证明实现了该基因的原核表达,为进一步研究其在该昆虫体内的作用机理奠定了基础。     

粉纹夜蛾类Cry1Ac受体氨肽酶NcDNA片段的克隆与分析

设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR方法对粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni(Hubner)细胞系BTI-TN-5B1-4的氨肽酶N(aminopeptidase N,APN)基因cDNA片段进行了克隆和序列分析,通过两对引物扩增出了两种氨肽酶N基因的cDNA片段,大小分别为188 bp和564 bp,分别命名为AS188(GenBank登录号:CD809324)和AS564(GenBank登录号:CD809326).对这两个片段推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析,结果表明两者与已报道的鳞翅目昆虫中肠的Cry1Ac毒素受体氨肽酶N有较高的同源性.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.