响应面法优化产酰胺酶发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法,对阿萨希丝孢酵母（Trichosporon asahii）ZZB-1产酰胺酶的发酵培养基进行了优化。运用单N子试验筛选出麦芽糖和酵母浸膏为最适碳源、氮源,金属离子Ca^2＋、Mn^2＋可提高发酵酰胺酶产量;通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box—Behnken响应面分析法,确定产酰胺酶最佳发酵培养基为麦芽糖18．84g／L、酵母浸膏9．55g／L、NaC15g／L、KH2PO41g／L、MgSO4·7H2O0．2g／L、FeS040．001g／L、CaC0370．84μmol／L、MnS0465．39肚mo[／L（1％丙烯酸诱导）,NH4·H2O调节pH至7．0。培养基优化后酰胺酶产量由初始2554U／L提高到4156U／L,为原始发酵培养基配方酶活产量的1．63倍。     

根霉cw-1产纤溶酶的发酵条件优化

目的:确定根霉cw-1高产纤溶酶的液体发酵培养基组成及培养条件,使纤溶酶产量得到明显提高。方法和结果:采用响应面法对该菌种产纤溶酶的发酵条件进行优化。首先利用Plackett Burman试验设计筛选出影响产酶量的3个主要因素,即麸皮的浓度、豆粕的浓度和初始p H。在此基础上使用Design-Expert软件进行Box-Behnken试验设计,通过响应面分析得出菌株cw-1发酵产酶的最佳条件为:麸皮28.67g/L、豆粕46.28g/L、初始p H 5.8。经过试验验证,优化后粗酶液酶活达到243.22 U/m L(尿激酶单位),与响应面预测结果一致,较优化前酶活提高41倍。     

海洋来源链霉菌MY0504产纤溶酶的发酵条件优化

【目的】以发酵液纤溶酶活力为指标,优化海洋来源的链霉菌菌株MY0504的发酵条件。【方法】在菌株生长曲线及单因素试验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman设计筛选影响纤溶酶活性的主要因素,进一步用最陡爬坡试验及Box-Behnken中心组合设计法优化发酵条件。【结果】纤溶酶活性最高的发酵条件为:葡萄糖21.68 g/L,酵母粉25.31 g/L,NaCl5.0 g/L,K_2HPO_4·3H_2O3.0 g/L,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.5 g/L,FeSO_4·7H_2O 0.02 g/L,装液量50 mL(250 mL摇瓶),接种量10%(体积比),初始pH 7.5,温度24°C,转速200 r/min,培养时间4.5 d。发酵液纤溶酶活性可达2 190.6 U/mL。【结论】确定了MY0504菌株产纤溶酶的最优发酵条件,为该酶的进一步分离纯化及性质研究奠定基础。     

根霉12号固体发酵产生纤溶酶工艺条件的研究

研究了根霉12号固体发酵产生纤溶酶的工艺条件。采用单因素试验、均匀设计方法对固体发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、碳氮比、初始pH、加水量、无机盐加量进行了优化;采用正交试验对发酵时间、接种量进行了研究。结果表明,实验范围内根霉12固体发酵产纤溶酶的适宜培养基组成为：麸皮：豆粕=1:2,初始pH5.0,加水量0.75ml／g物料,MnSO4-H2O 和 (NH4)2SO4加量分别为0.25％和1.42％(对物料)。适宜培养条件为接种量10^7个孢子/g 物料,培养时间 72h。优化条件下的纤溶酶产量平均达 791.81u／g物料。     

根霉12号固体发酵产生纤溶酶工艺条件的研究*

研究了根霉12号固体发酵产生纤溶酶的工艺条件。采用单因素试验、均匀设计方法对固体发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、碳氮比、初始pH、加水量、无机盐加量进行了优化;采用正交试验对发酵时间、接种量进行了研究。结果表明,实验范围内根霉12固体发酵产纤溶酶的适宜培养基组成为:麸皮∶豆粕=1∶2,初始pH5.0,加水量0.75ml/g物料, MnSO4H2O和 (NH4)2SO4加量分别为0.25%和 1.42%(对物料)。适宜培养条件为接种量107个孢子/g物料,培养时间72h。优化条件下的纤溶酶产量平均达791.81u/g物料。     

响应面法优化革耳Panus rudis FG-35菌株产漆酶培养基

采用Plackett-Burman设计和响应面分析相结合的方法,对革耳Panus rudis FG-35菌株产漆酶的液体培养基配方进行优化。单因素试验结果显示,发酵培养基中的最优碳源为可溶性淀粉,最优氮源为蛋白胨;Plackett-Burman设计筛选出影响漆酶产量的3个重要因素为可溶性淀粉、金属Ca2+离子和吐温-40,在此基础上运用最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应值区域,最后利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析,获得最佳培养基配方为:可溶性淀粉10.040 4 g/L、蛋白胨0.2 g/L、K2HPO41.00g/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 0.008 g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g/L、CuSO4·7H2O 0.007 g/L、FeSO4·7H2O 0.005 g/L、MnSO40.035 g/L、CaCl20.0816 g/L、VB10.1 g/L、吐温-40 0.428%。在优化后的条件下摇瓶发酵产漆酶酶活力为263.31 U/mL,与模型预测值接近,发酵产酶量比优化前提高1.07倍,同时优化后的发酵液对木质素降解进行试验发现,优化后漆酶对木质素降解率提高了14.34%。     

白腐菌产锰过氧化物酶培养基的优化

黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete Chrysosporium)5．776在初始发酵培养基中产胞外锰过氧化物酶活力极低。为了显著提高锰过氧化物酶活力,对初始发酵培养基进行优化。通过调整培养基中碳源、氮源种类和含量,吐温80添加量,Mn^2 终浓度,静置培养温度、时间,采用分光光度计法测定酶活力,发现黄孢原毛平革菌在限氮高锰培养基中产生较高的锰过氧化物酶。静置液体培养的优化条件是：葡萄糖10g／L;酒石酸铵2mmol／L;吐温80 lg／L;Mn^2 9．9μg／L;于34℃静置培养5d;产MnP活力达1200U／L,比优化前提高了近17倍。     

海洋Cellulophagasp．QY201产生ι-卡拉胶酶的发酵条件优化

目的：通过发酵条件优化,提高海洋Cellulophagasp．QY201的l-卡拉胶酶产量。方法：采用正交试验分别对发酵条件、培养基配方进行优化。结果：该菌株最适培养基配方为（w／v）：3％NaCl、0．5％MgSO4·7H2O、0．02％CaCl2、0．01％KCl、0．002％FeSO4、0．25％CaSein、0．15％Na2HPO4、0．2％NaNO3、0．25％L-卡拉胶。最佳培养条件为：培养基体积为70ml／250ml三角瓶,接种量为1％,25℃,90r／min培养36h。优化后酶活最高可达2．64U／ml,较优化前提高了22倍。结论：QY201最佳发酵条件的建立,为ι-卡拉胶酶的大规模生产创造了条件。     

不同发酵条件对细脚拟青霉(RCEF0969)抗白色念珠菌活性的影响

以细脚拟青霉RCEF0969菌株的抗菌活性为指标对该菌株的液体发酵条件进行优化得到最佳培养基为：4％白砂糖、0．5％黄豆粉、0．5％蛋白胨、0,006％MnSO4·H2O、0．05％MgSO4·7H2O、2％麦芽汁。并且得到最佳发酵工艺条件为：斜面培养4d的种子作为摇瓶种子,以10％的接种量接种于装液量为2／5的三角瓶中,培养温度为28℃,摇瓶转速为160r／min,培养时间为6d。     

Eremothecium ashbyii T30发酵产脂肪酶特性的研究

研究了一株核黄素高产突变株E.ashbyii T30产脂肪酶的条件,确定了比较合适的脂肪酶发酵培养基,豆饼粉30g/L,玉米浆30ml/L,豆油5ml/L,KH2PO45g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.15g/L,pH消前7．5,T30在此培养基上振荡培养28h,既定条件下测脂肪酶活力可达232酶活单位／ml(较原株提高36．5％）,从一个侧面证实其突变株特性,另外,对T30所产脂肪酶的诱导酶属性及脂肪酶在T30核黄素发酵过程中的作用也进行了初步探讨。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.