胸腔感染与一次性水封瓶更换时间长短的临床意义

目的探讨胸腔感染与一次性水封瓶更换时间长短的临床意义。方法对196例行胸腔闭式引剃且排除胸腔感染者使用随机数字表分为4组,即每天更换水封瓶（A组）、每3天更换（B组）、每周更换（C组）、超变1周用至拔管（D组）,追踪监测一次性水封瓶内生理盐水和胸腔引流液作细菌培养,有细菌生长则对该病例停止亩验;同时对196例患者的胸腔内胸液或胸腔引流管前端2cm进行细菌培养,最后进行统计学分析。结果一次世水封瓶生理盐水的细菌培养均为阴性,4组水封瓶中胸腔引流液的细菌培养结果阳性共13例,共检出细菌8种,才封瓶内引流液中细菌出现最早的为A组中第4次（即第4天）更换,出现最迟的为C组中第2次（即第14天）更换各组比较差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）;对196例患者的胸腔内胸液或胸腔引流管前端2cm进行细菌培养,其结果例与一次性水封瓶内胸腔引流液相一致,1例与一次性水封瓶内胸腔引流液不一致,余194例无细菌生长。结论一次性水封瓶的更换时间与胸腔感染无直接关系;水封瓶更换时间与水封瓶内细菌定植无明显相关性,在严格无菌操作下,对于胸腔引流管留置时间较长的患者,一次性水封瓶以每周更换一次较为合适。     

尿液菌落计数在儿童泌尿感染筛查中的应用

目的检验和比较尿液菌落计数在筛选儿童泌尿系统感染中的可靠性。方法收集儿童中段尿液,10μL进行细菌培养和菌落计数,剩余样本进行干化学分析,主要进行沉渣镜检、亚硝酸盐和白细胞酯酶检测。结果共检测中段尿液标本112份,其中32例培养出有意义细菌,阳性率为28.6%。尿沉渣镜检、干化学分析的敏感性分别为68.8%和78.1%,特异性分别为92.5%、90.0%。另有7例培养阳性,干化学分析阴性,假阴性为21.9%;6例沉渣镜检阳性,培养阴性,假阳性率7.5%;沉渣镜检、干化学分析的阳性预示值分别为78.6%和75.8%。结论尿液细菌培养和菌落计数在筛选儿童泌尿感染的敏感性要明显优于尿沉渣镜检和干化学分析,在儿童泌尿系统感染筛查中起到重要作用。尿沉渣镜检和干化学分析因为敏感性不足、结果易受到感染类型影响。尿液菌落计数可作为儿童泌尿系统感染检测的重要指标。     

胰岛素注射液与维生素C注射液配伍稳定性观察

目的:研究探讨胰岛素注射液与维生素C注射液配伍的稳定性。方法:将胰岛素注射液与维生素C注射液配伍后,利用高效液相色谱方法,测定一定时间内胰岛素的含量,并借助酸度计测定PH值,灯检仪观察混合溶液的颜色与澄明度。结果:实验观察发现,一定时期内混合溶液的并未出现浑浊色,同时颜色也并未发生变化,胰岛素的含量也未见明显变化。结论:在一定条件下,一定时期内,胰岛素维持在一定浓度的情况,与维生素C注射液配伍后iu,稳定性良好,可在临床上配伍使用。     

东莞市2009~2011年血小板细菌培养情况分析

目的 分析东莞市2009~2011年血小板细菌培养情况,寻求合适的降低血小板细菌污染的方法以及降低血小板细菌培养假阳性的方法.方法 采用生物梅里埃公司生产的BaeT/Alert 120全自动细菌培养仪及需氧瓶(BPA Culture Bottle)、厌氧瓶(BPN Culture Bottle)对8284例血小板进行了细菌培养,细菌培养阳性者转种,转种阳性者送检作菌种鉴定.结果 在8284例输注血小板中共计出现初筛阳性血小板94例,确证阳性19例,假阳性75例,假阳性率9.05‰(75/8284).总体血小板阳性率为2.29‰(19/8284),其中汇集血小板阳性率为3.59‰(7/1949),机采血小板阳性率为1.89‰(12/6335).结论 假阳性反应的出现是不可避免的,但只要找出原因,在日常工作中加以控制,就能减少假阳性反应.     

手工和仪器两种血培养结果差异性分析

目的对手工法双相血培养瓶和BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪的阳性率作回顾性分析。方法将血液标本同时接种双相血培养基和BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪配套血瓶中,将阳性结果移种血平板,如为阴性再移种巧克力平板。结果370例血培养,双相血培养瓶阳性25例,阳性率为6．76％（25／370）,树脂需氧（儿童）瓶BACTEC9120报警显示阳性59例,阳性率为15．9％（59／370）,阳性标本移种到血平板及巧克力平板阳性54例,阳性率为14．6％（54／370）,假阳性5例,假阳性率为1．4％（5／370）,共有29例树脂需氧（儿童）瓶阳性,而双相血培养瓶为阴性,P〈0．001。结论BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪提高阳性率,缩短阳性的报告时间优于传统的双相血培养基。     

全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物对剑尾鱼肝脏抗氧化物酶活性的影响

目的研究全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)暴露对剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri Heckel)抗氧化物酶活性的影响,探讨PFOS对鱼类的致毒机理。方法使用浸润法以3.5、7.0、14.0和28.0 mg/L四个PFOS浓度为剑尾鱼染毒,定量测定了96 h内肝脏组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果 PFOS暴露12 h后,除28.0 mg/L组SOD活性被显著性抑制外,其余各组与对照组均无显著性差异(P>0.05);7.0 mg/L组和14.0 mg/L组在24 h被极显著诱导(P<0.01),并且一直保持至96 h。CAT活性随PFOS浓度的升高而降低,12 h时,除3.5 mg/L组外,其余各组CAT活性被显著或极显著抑制,至24 h时,各组CAT活性有上升趋势,但48 h后,各组呈不断下降趋势持续至96 h,其CAT活性恢复到12 h水平。GSH-PX活性变化与CAT活性变化趋势相似,其中28.0 mg/L组在不同时间均被显著性抑制,并在96 h时抑制率达到最高值64.8%。MDA含量在12 h时呈小幅下降趋势,但随着暴露时间的延长,各处理组MDA含量呈连续上升趋势,并在96 h时达到最高点,诱导率分别为71.2%、70.1%和85.1%。结论结果表明,SOD的高活性是由于机体中超氧阴离子的存在,而高浓度的超氧阴离子能够灭活CAT和GSH-PX活性,因此,CAT和GSH-PX活性始终低于对照组。GSH-PX对PFOS的敏感性高于CAT。MDA含量持续升高反映出细胞组织已经遭受到氧化损伤。剑尾鱼活体的实验表明,PFOS能够诱导肝脏氧化应激反应,氧化损伤是PFOS致毒的主要途径之一。     

2 368株自动培养临床分离菌细菌谱分析

目的：了解本地区血(体)液中临床感染细菌的分布情况。方法：采用Mini VITAL全自动荧光血培养仪和VITEK32自动细菌鉴定仪对我院1999年1月～2002年12月临床送检的8362人份16395瓶血(体)液标本的培养结果作回顾性分析。结果：16395瓶临床血(体)液标本需氧和厌氧培养,3894瓶细菌培养阳性,总阳性率23．8％(血液23．2％,体液28．6％),专性厌氧菌占除甲型副伤寒沙门菌外的其他感染菌的3．7％;共检出各种感染菌41属96种2368株,革兰阴性杆菌：革兰阳性球菌：酵母样真菌=86．0：11．8：0．6;有77．3％的兼性厌氧菌同时在需氧和厌氧环境都生长,10．3％和12．4％只在需氧或厌氧培养中生长。结论：除传染病因素外,血(体)液中的感染菌群组成以革兰阳性球菌为主;同时做血(体液)标本的需氧和厌氧培养,可以提高细菌培养阳性率。     

通用PCR法在痰标本真菌检测中的临床应用价值分析

目的:探讨通用PCR法在痰标本真菌检测中的临床应用价值。方法:选择2015年9月至2017年9月本院收治的免疫力低下患者178例作为研究资料,各收集痰标本2份,其中一份用于PCR扩增,另一份经培养后若观察到真菌或可疑菌落,则提取后在此进行PCR扩增测序。比较3种方法对真菌的检出情况、真菌阳性率,与组织病理学结果进行比较,分析3种方法的诊断效能。结果:178份痰标本经平板培养可观察到107份真菌生长,其余71份未见真菌生长。挑取真菌及可疑菌落行PCR结果显示阳性、阴性分别115、63份。对痰标本直接PCR结果显示,阳性、阴性分别124、54份。PCR扩增产物测序结果显示大多是白色念珠菌感染,仅3份是曲霉菌感染。内对照扩增验证结果显示有1份阴性标本存在扩增抑制现象。3种方法的真菌阳性率:直接PCR法痰培养后PCR法痰培养,但组间无显著差异(P0.05)。3种方法诊断效能总体趋势:直接PCR法痰培养后PCR法痰培养,其中直接PCR法与痰培养后PCR法的特异度、准确度均显著高于痰培养法(P0.05),直接PCR法的敏感度显著高于痰培养法(P0.05)。结论:通用PCR法在痰标本真菌检测中的临床应用价值较高,直接PCR具有操作简单、快速等优势。     

注射用A型肉毒毒素的稳定性验证

目的验证注射用A型肉毒毒素(商品名:衡力)成品的稳定性。方法依据《中华人民共和国药典》2010版(三部)(简称《中国药典》)各论中注射用A型肉毒毒素成品检定标准,对注射用A型肉毒毒素成品进行稳定性长期试验(2~8℃)、加速试验(25±2)℃、高温试验(35±2)℃;同时监测在低温(-5~-20℃)冻存条件下药品到有效期终点时的质量稳定性数据及复溶后的质量稳定性数据;采用趋势分析和批内批间变异系数分析药品的稳定性。结果该药品在3年有效期内(2~8℃)保存,各项质量指标的检测结果均符合要求,批内、批间一致性亦符合要求;在室温保存条件(25±2)℃,6个月和高温(35±2)℃,15 d情况下,药品的各项质量指标同样符合《中国药典》的标准。药品在低温冻存(-5~-20℃)条件下至有效期终点,其关键质量指标均符合标准。药品复溶后在2~8℃保存6 d,其效价持续稳定,无菌检查合格。结论注射用A型肉毒毒素在≤8℃条件下保存的有效期为3年,在室温连续保存期限为6个月,高温条件连续保存时限为15 d。药品复溶后在2~8℃无菌条件可保存6 d。     

测定Epstein-Barr病毒IgA/EA抗体的改进方法

用免疫酶法(IE)检查鼻咽癌(NPC)病人血清中IgA/EA抗体,阳性率为73％,几何平均滴度为25,将血清用马抗人IgG血清或葡萄球菌菌体A蛋白(SPA)处理后,以除去竞争性IgG类抗体后,阳性率可增高至92％,几何平均滴度提高到89,有15例NPC病人血清,经马抗人IgG血清处理前IgA/EA抗体为阴性,处理后均呈阳性反应。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.