支架术后再发急性冠脉综合征患者冠脉病变程度的影响因素分析

目的:探讨既往支架术后再次发生急性冠脉综合征患者冠状动脉病变严重程度与冠心病危险因素的相关性。方法:收集本院2017年7月至2018年7月收治的支架术后再次因急性冠脉综合征住院的107例患者,根据冠脉造影结果进行Gensini评分,按照评分高低将冠脉病变严重程度分为轻度(0-6分)、中度(7-14分)、重度组(14分),对冠心病危险因素进行研究,并探讨支架术后再次发生急性冠脉综合征患者冠状动脉病变严重程度与冠心病危险因素之间的相关性。结果:冠脉病变重度组2型糖尿病、吸烟、血脂(TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB)、肌酐水平升高患者比例较轻度组明显升高(P0.05),血脂(TC、LDL-C、ApoB)、肌酐水平升高患者比例显著高于中度组(P0.05)。多元非条件Logistic回归分析显示:吸烟、肌酐水平与冠脉病变程度相关(P=0.033/P0.01),OR(95%CI)分别为4.553(0.087-2.046),15.991(0.042-0.123)。冠脉病变程度与年龄、高血压、性别、人类SLCO1B1和ApoE基因检测(他汀)检测结果、既往支架至本次发病时间无关。结论:2型糖尿病、吸烟、血脂、肌酐水平与既往支架术后患者再次发生急性冠脉综合征患者的冠脉病变严重程度有关,其中吸烟、肌酐水平是支架术后再次发生急性冠脉综合征患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的独立风险因素。     

冠心病合并代谢综合征患者的冠状动脉病变特点及与 代谢综合征组分的相关性研究

目的:探讨冠心病合并代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)患者的冠脉病变特点及冠心病与MS各组分的相关性。方法:选取540例冠心病患者为研究对象,其中合并MS患者164例,非合并MS患者376例,并将所有患者根据MS的组分个数进行分组,比较冠心病合并MS的病变特点、MS组分个数对冠状动脉病变程度的影响及冠状动脉病变程度与代谢综合症各组分的相关性;结果:①冠心病合并MS组BMI、FBG、TG、LDL-C、TC、UA、FIB、高血压分级等指标较非MS组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),HDL-C、LVEF较非MS组低,差异有显著性(P<0.01);②MS组冠脉Gensini积分较高,三支病变、主干病变发生率高,差异有显著性(P<0.01);③随着合并MS组分个数的增加,冠脉Gensini积分也逐渐增加,各组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);④冠脉Gensini积分与MS组分BMI、高血压分级、TG、TC、LDL-C、UA等指标存在正相关(P<0.05),与性别、HDL-C存在负相关(p<0.01);调整传统危险因素后,Gensini积分与MS的组分数显著相关(r=0.739、P<0.01)。结论:冠心病患者有较高的MS患病率,冠心病合并MS患者冠脉病变程度更重,且以多支病变、主干病变为主;随着合并MS组分个数的增加,冠脉病变程度也呈加重趋势;MS的各个组分均与冠状动脉病变程度显著相关,可以作为冠心病严重程度的预测指标。     

心外膜脂肪厚度与冠脉病变严重程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨心外膜脂肪组织(Epicardial adipose tissue,EAT)厚度与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法:收集167名符合纳入标准的患者,根据冠状动脉造影(coronary arteriography,CAG)结果分2组:正常冠脉组(65例)及冠心病冠脉病变组(≥1支冠状动脉病变狭窄程度≥50%)(102例)。同期经胸超声心动图测量EAT厚度,并依据CAG图像计算Gensini评分、Syntax评分。结果:冠脉正常组和冠心病病变组EAT厚度分别为(3.89±0.2 mm)、(6.19±1.19 mm),冠心病病变组显著高于冠脉正常组(P0.001)。进一步分析EAT的厚度分别为5 mm、5-7 mm和7 mm时,Gensini评分分别为:7.21±7.73,37.80±29.55和62.77±27.26;Syntax评分分别为:7.13±7.70,19.71±7.27和24.95±4.31。EAT的厚度与Gensini评分(r=0.621;P0.001)、Syntax评分(r=0.689;P0.001)呈正相关。结论:心外膜脂肪组织厚度与冠状动脉狭窄的复杂程度评分Gensini评分、Syntax评分呈正相关。     

冠心病合并高血压患者左室质量指数与冠脉病变严重程度的相关性分析

目的:探讨冠心病合并高血压患者左室质量指数(LVMI)与冠脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法:选取在我院住院的冠心病合并高血压患者168例为研究对象,所有患者入院后均行心脏超声检查,按照LVMI水平的中位数将患者分为A组(LVMI≥115.71g/m~2,n=82例)和B组(LVMI115.71g/m~2,n=86例);比较两组的实验室检查指标与冠脉病变支数及Gensini积分差异。利用多元线性回归方程分析影响Gensini积分的相关因素。结果:与B组比较,A组患者收缩压(SBP)、甘油三酯(TG)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)、血清肌酐(Scr)较高(P0.05);A组中Gensini积分亦高于B组(P0.05),三支病变的比例高于B组(P0.05);Gensini积分高分组LVMI高于中分组及低分组(P0.05),中分组高于低分组(P0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示:Gensini积分与LVMI呈现正相关(P0.05),亦与SBP、TG、Scr、BNP呈正相关(P0.05);多元线性回归分析显示:LVMI是Gensini积分增高的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:冠心病合并高血压患者LVMI增高与冠脉病变严重程度具有一定正相关性,可能是影响患者冠脉病变严重程度的独立危险因素。     

血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶与冠心病影响因素及血管病变严重程度的相关性研究

目的:探究血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)水平与冠心病影响因素及患者血管病变严重程度之间的相关性。方法:选取2013年7月至2017年10月于我院经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的61例患者为实验组,将其按照临床症状分为稳定性心绞痛组(下简称A组,20例)、不稳定性心绞痛组(下简称B组,21例)和急性心肌梗死组(下简称C组,20例),另选取同期于我院进行冠脉造影检查确诊为非冠心病的30例患者为对照组,检测和比较四组患者的空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、尿酸等水平,而分析GGT与危险因素、冠脉Gensini评分的相关性。结果:(1)实验组患者血清FBG、TC、TG、SBP、DBP、尿酸水平均高于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)GGT水平与冠心病上述危险因素呈正相关性(r=0.236、0.351、0.316、0.239、0.301、0.395,P=0.035、0.000、0.000、0.034、0.001、0.000);(3)四组患者GGT及Gensini评分均按照C组B组A组对照组的趋势变化,且各组间对比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)冠心病患者血清GGT水平与Gensini评分呈正相关性(r=0.681,P=0.000)。结论:冠心病患者血清GGT水平与血清FBG、TC、TG、SBP、DBP、尿酸水平及血管病变的严重程度均呈显著正相关,其可能作为预测冠心病患者病变程度的参考指标。     

女性冠心病患者的危险因素分析及与冠脉病变严重程度的关系

目的:了解女性冠心病患者的危险因素及与冠脉病变严重程度的关系。方法:随机选取本院2012年至2014年心血管科住院治疗的疑似冠心病女性患者150例,经冠脉造影确诊冠心病患者105例,非冠心病患者45例。对患者的临床资料和冠脉病变严重程度进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:冠心病患者高血压与糖尿病百分比、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及纤维蛋白原水平均高于非冠心病患者,而高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和血红蛋白水平均低于非冠心病患者(P0.05);年龄、高血压与糖尿病百分比、血脂上升百分比(高TC、高TG、低HDL-C、高LDL-C)、高尿酸百分比和纤维蛋白原水平均随冠状动脉病变支数及Gensini积分的增加而增加(P0.05);多因素分析发现女性冠心病的影响因素分别为高LDL-C、糖尿病、低HDL-C、TG和高血压,其中高LDL-C的影响最为显著(P0.05)。结论:高血压、糖尿病史、血脂水平为女性冠心病的影响因素,其中高LDL-C的影响最显著,各影响因素均与冠脉病变程度紧密相关。     

早发冠心病患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点研究

目的:探讨早发冠心病(PCAD)患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点。方法:收集2014年8月至2015年2月北京安贞医院急诊科行冠状动脉造影的1000例患者为研究对象,根据冠状动脉造影结果和临床资料分为早发冠心病(PCAD)组(男55岁,女65岁,n=340)、晚发冠心病组(n=300)和对照组(非冠心病者,n=360)。对三组患者的临床资料进行统计学分析,采用logistic回归分析PCAD患者的危险因素,并比较PCAD组与晚发冠心病组的冠状动脉病变特点。结果:Logistic回归分析结果提示:吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、高血压病及2型糖尿病是PCAD的独立危险因素(P0.001)。PCAD组单支病变比例显著高于晚发冠心病组(P0.05);回旋支、右冠状动脉病变比例低于晚发冠心病组(P0.05)。结论:吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、高血压病及2型糖尿病是PCAD的独立危险因素。早发冠心病患者冠脉病变主要累及前降支,单支病变多于晚发冠心病患者。     

血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系探讨

目的:探讨血尿酸(SUA)水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法:将268例疑似冠心病(CHD)患者,经冠状动脉造影分为冠心病组198例和非冠心病组70例;冠心病组又分为单支病变组80例,双支病变组56例,三支病变组62例。分别检测各组研究对象血尿酸含量,同时记录年龄、性别、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、血尿酸及冠状动脉造影结果,分析血尿酸与已知冠心病主要危险因素、冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。结果:冠心病组血尿酸水平(395.35±84.40)μmol/L,显著高于非冠心病组(282.20±66.68)μmol/L(P<0.05)。单支病变组(338.48±77.36)μmol/L、双支病变组(399.62±84.36)μmol/L、三支病变组(445.16±92.20)μmol/L,血尿酸水平呈递增趋势,各组之间的差异有统计学意义。结论:血尿酸水平可反映冠状动脉病变严重程度。降尿酸治疗有望成为心血管疾病防治的一种新途径。     

188例早发冠心病患者危险因素及冠脉病变特点临床分析

目的:分析早发冠心病患者临床危险因素及冠脉病变的特点,以便对其早期干预及优化治疗.方法:回顾性分析373例在我院行冠脉造影术确诊为冠心病的患者,按年龄分为早发冠心病组188例(男≤55岁,女≤ 65岁)和晚发冠心病组185例,对两组患者的体重指数(BMI)、高血压病史、糖尿病史、高血脂病史、吸烟史、饮酒史、早发心血管病家族史,血脂、血糖、尿酸、胆红素水平及冠脉病变情况进行统计学分析.结果:早发冠心病组肥胖、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血脂史、早发冠心病家族史及甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、脂蛋白a(LPa)水平明显高于晚发冠心病组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);糖尿病发病率低于晚发冠心病组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高血压发病率低于晚发冠心病组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);冠脉病变主要是单支病变多见,与晚发冠心病组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、早发心血管病家族史、高脂血症是早发冠心病的主要危险因素,故早期干预有助于降低早发冠心病发病率.早发冠心病患者以单支病变多见,故给予合理支架植入及必要的药物优化治疗,可明显的改善其预后.     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病的冠脉病变特征及危险因素分析

目的:探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病的冠状动脉病变特征及其相关危险因素.方法:选择2010年1月至2012年1月我院经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病合并2型糖尿病的患者227例(DM组)和同期不合并2型糖尿病的冠心病患者229例(NDM组)为研究对象,回顾性分析其血脂、血糖及冠状动脉造影结果,比较两组患者冠状动脉病变的特点,探讨血糖水平对糖尿病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的影响.结果:DM组患者总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)显著高于NDM组(P＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著低于NDM组(P＜0.05);DM组患者三支血管病变、弥漫性病变以及狭窄程度大于75％的血管的病例数百分率显著高于NDM组(P＜0.05);在DM患者中,血糖水平控制理想组(A组)的冠状动脉血管狭窄程度大于75％以及发生弥漫性病变的病例数百分率均显著低于血糖控制较差组(B组,P＜0.05).结论:2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉多表现为弥漫和多支病变,狭窄程度严重;血糖和血脂水平异常是其冠脉病变的危险因素;控制患者的血糖水平于正常范围可改善其冠状动脉病变程度并减小其病变范围.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.