食用仙人掌的营养成分分析

对新近引进的菜用品种－米邦塔仙人掌进行了营养成分（维生素Ｃ、β－胡萝卡素、矿物质、水溶性氨基酸、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、有机酸、可溶性糖等）的分析,并与经常食用的结球甘蓝、生菜及黄瓜作了比较。结果表明：米邦塔仙人掌中的钾、钙、铜、铁、锰、锶及硅的含量较高,尤以钙、钾的含量明显高于其它蔬菜,且不含草酸;水溶性氨基酸以酷氨酸为主;另外还含有丰富的黄酮类物质。     

滇池水葫芦固液分离后的沼气发酵研究

在常温下,分离水葫芦为水葫芦渣和水葫芦汁,水葫芦渣与猪粪结合进行批量发酵试验,研究了产气量及原料半纤维素、纤维素、木质素的降解,结果表明：原料的产气率为504．04L/g TS,甲烷含量65％,半纤维素、纤维素降低,木质素升高。对水葫芦汁厌氧发酵的产气及COD降解情况进行了研究,结果表明：水葫芦汁的产气潜力为2．192mL／g,COD降解率达到91．27％。     

菜用仙人掌的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　菜用仙人掌 (Ｏｐｕｎｔｉａｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ)“米邦塔”。2　材料类别　茎上侧芽。3　培养条件　诱导分化培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 2ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) +ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;( 2 )ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ1 +ＮＡＡ 0 .1。壮苗培养基 :( 3)ＭＳ。上述培养基均含蔗糖 3% ,琼脂 0 .7% ,ｐＨ 5 .8～ 6.0。生根培养基 :( 4 ) 1 /2ＭＳ(大量元素减半 ) +ＮＡＡ 0 .5 + 2 %蔗糖 + 0 .7%琼脂。培养温度 2 5～ 2 8℃ ,光照度2 0 0 0ｌｘ ,光周期 1 2ｈ·ｄ- 1 。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无菌材料的获得和丛生芽的诱导　切取菜用仙人掌带侧芽…     

野生艾草黄酮的含量及抗氧化性研究

目的：测定艾草中总黄酮含量,并对其抗氧化性、羟自由基（-OH）的清除能力和过氧化值（POV）进行了研究。方法：有机溶剂提取法从野生艾草中提取黄酮,以芦丁为对照品测定艾草中总黄酮含量。采用邻苯三酚自氧化测定抗氧化性;用新鲜猪油测定过氧化值（POV）。结果：艾草中总黄酮含量高达5．5％,对O2^-抑制率为36．8％,黄酮浓度超过2mg／mL时对羟自由基（-OH）清除能力逐渐增强,0．50％黄酮的POV较强,仅次于0．05％的维生素C,说明艾草黄酮有较好的开发价值。     

仙人掌和仙人指的组培嫁接成苗

1植物名称仙人掌（Opuntiadillenii）、仙人指（Schlumbergerabridgesii）。2材料类别带顶芽的茎段或茎片。3培养条件仙人掌用试管刷蘸少许洗衣粉在流水下刷洗干净，再在70％酒精中洗涤30s，放在有1．1％升汞的锥形瓶中抽真空消毒5min、10min（对照用0.1％升汞消毒10、15、20min），无菌水冲洗4次，无菌下切成0．5－1．0cm大小，接种在MS＋NAA0．1mg·L－1（单位下同）＋6－BA2中，于室温20－22℃下培养，每天光照12h，光照度2000lx下培养。仙人指用不同消毒方法处理（5％漂白精加2ml吐温消毒20min;0.1％升汞的锥形瓶中抽真空消毒5min；…     

辣萝中芦丁的薄层及紫外光谱鉴别

目的：确定辣蓼中有效成分芦丁的定性鉴别和总黄酮含量的测定方法。方法：采用薄层层析（TLC）、紫外分光光度法（UV）对辣蓼分别进行理化鉴别和含量测定。结果：芦丁确系辣蓼中主要有效成分;同时建立UV检测中浓度在0．00808—0．04848mg／ml范围内与吸收度间的具有良好线性关系,其回归方程为A：11．4716C-0．0003（r=0．9928,n=6）,平均回收率为97．95％（11SD=1．88％）;辣蓼样品中总黄酮的平均含量为1．939％。结论：本方法简便、快速、准确;为辣蓼开发新药及其相关质量标准的研究提供了依据。     

不同红掌品种的叶片、叶柄和茎段愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

红掌幼嫩叶片表面灭菌的最佳方法是：0．01％KMnO4 10min,0．05％链霉素、0．05％制菌霉素和0．05％头孢唑林钠各灭菌20min,然后用75％乙醇30s和HgCl2 2min,污染率为零。Anthurrium adraeanum “Rosetta“和A.adraeanum “Oilcloth-flower”愈伤组织诱导率和芽分化率显著高于A.adraeanum “Atlanta”.A.adraeanum “Fantasis”,A.adraeanum“Afrikanerin”。不同品种茎段、叶柄、叶片的愈伤组织诱导率和芽分化率有明显差异,大多数品种是幼茎段＞叶柄＞叶片。幼苗移栽在草煤或血竭渣基质中,成活率可达97％。     

不同脂肪源对管角螺生长和体成分的影响

在基础配合饲料中添加（4％）不同脂肪源[鱼油、猪油、豆油、花生油、混合油I（鱼油：豆油=1：1）、混合油Ⅱ（鱼油：猪油：豆油：花生油=1：1：1：1）]配制成6组实验饲料,对体重（2．23±0．05）g的管角螺幼螺进行60d的饲养试验。结果表明,鱼油组摄食率（34．10g／d·ind·10^3）、增重率（64．33％）和特定生长率（0．79％）最高,与混合油I组没有显著差异（P〉0．05）,并显著高于其他各组（P〈0．05）,最低的为猪油组;肝体比没有显著差异（P〉0．05）,猪油组最高（1．33）,混合油I组最低（1．22）;饲料转化率和存活率没有显著差异（P〉0．05）;鱼油组粗蛋白含量（肌肉：18．35％;肝脏：17．55％）显著高于猪油组、豆油组、花生油组和混合油Ⅱ组,猪油组（2．96％）和鱼油组（2．86％）肝脏粗脂肪含量显著高于其他各组（P〈0．05）,水分和灰分没有显著差异（P〉0．05）;鱼油组EPA（肌肉：4．44％;肝脏：5．89％）和DHA（肌肉：4．53％;肝脏：5．65％）含量,n-3／n-6（肌肉：1．57;肝脏：1．69）均最高．与混合油I组没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。从人体健康和生产角度来说,以混合油I作为管角螺脂肪源不但可以得到较好的生长效果,还可以节约饲料成本。     

液体悬浮培养促进铁皮石斛原球茎高效诱导、增殖的研究

用正交设计方法对铁皮石斛原球茎具有高效增殖影响的激素（BA,NAA,KT,马铃薯汁）以及配比进行研究,结果表明：以茎段为外植体在培养基Ms＋BA2．0mg／L＋NAA2．0mg／L＋马铃薯汁10％＋糖3％,具有很好的原球茎诱导作用,50d后诱导率达95．20％;原球茎在1／2MS＋BA2．0mg／L＋NAA1．0mg／L＋KT0．5mg／L＋糖3％的培养基上,以液体悬浮培养,原球茎增殖达49．032g／50d。     

铁皮石斛茎段诱导丛生芽的研究

以铁皮石斛Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl.的茎段作外植体,比较不同的培养基、激素等因素对茎段分化丛生芽的影响,以及不同浓度的香蕉汁和活性炭对试管苗生根的影响。结果表明：1／2MS较好,BA作用优于KT、ZT,最适浓度为2．0mg/L;丛生芽培养于1／2MS 10％香蕉汁 0．5％AC的培养基上,生根效果最好。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。