油藏调剖菌TP-1的培养条件及岩芯模拟驱油研究

从油井产出水中分离得到一株兼性厌氧芽孢杆菌TP-1, 该菌株可在55℃的油藏温度生长, 并代谢产生粘性多糖和气体。经培养条件优化, 发酵液多糖产量可达5.5 g/L, 产气量为22 mL/L。低浓度的CaCl2、MgSO4和AlCl3对多糖的生成有促进作用。岩芯模拟试验表明, 该菌的注入可使岩芯压力增加, 提高石油采收率7.37%。TP-1是一株性能良好的油藏调剖菌。     

半知菌曲霉族真菌胞外多糖的研究I．青霉菌胞外多糖的分离筛选

从分离自云南滇东南地区土壤中的 77株丝状真菌中筛选得到 1株产胞外多糖菌株 ,编号为 31794。经对其形态学观察 ,最佳发酵条件的研究 ,以及所产胞外多糖组分的TLC和红外光谱分析 ,结果表明 ,该菌属半知菌类丛梗孢科曲霉族青霉属 (Penicilliumsp .)。经摇瓶发酵 ,该菌每升发酵液产胞外多糖得率为 12 .333g/L(干重 ) ,其胞外多糖组成分别为甘露糖 (Mannose)、葡萄糖 (Glucose)和半乳糖 (Galactose)。     

半知菌曲霉族真菌胞外多糖的研究Ⅰ.青霉菌胞外多糖的分离筛选

从分离自云南滇东南地区土壤中的 77 株丝状真菌中筛选得到 1 株产胞外多糖菌株,编号为31794.经对其形态学观察,最佳发酵条件的研究,以及所产胞外多糖组分的TLC和红外光谱分析,结果表明,该菌属半知菌类丛梗孢科曲霉族青霉属(Penicillium sp.).经摇瓶发酵,该菌每升发酵液产胞外多糖得率为 12.333 g/L(干重), 其胞外多糖组成分别为甘露糖(Mannose)、葡萄糖(Glucose)和半乳糖(Galactose).     

阿魏菇多糖高产菌的离子束和激光复合诱变育种

目的:诱变筛选阿魏菇多糖高产菌,探索食用菌的离子束和激光复合诱变育种方法。方法:尝试用阿魏菇菌丝单细胞为靶材,以离子束注入和激光辐照为复合诱变手段,采用营养缺陷型筛选办法定性初筛,摇瓶发酵定量复筛。结果:通过离子束注入诱变,获得了2株菌丝体多糖产量分别达到551.80mg/L和659.46mg/L、较1号出发菌株提高了46.5%和75.2%的多糖高产菌PFPH-1和PFPH-2;在此基础上,以激光辐照为复合诱变手段,获得了1株菌丝体多糖产量达到762.50 mg/L、较出发菌株PFPH-2提高了15.63%的多糖高产菌PFPH-3。结论:离子束和激光复合诱变育种方法在改良阿魏菇多糖高产性状方面诱变功效显著。     

裂褶菌深层培养及多糖测定

为了深层培养裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune Fr.产生多糖,对产多糖的适宜培养基,最佳时间,高产菌株进行了研究。从南京灵谷寺及南京大学校园生长的裂褶菌子实体分离到3株产多糖的裂褶菌菌株,编号南大835,南大843,南大853。对南大843用6种不同培养基进行深层培养,测定和比较了多糖和菌丝产量,其结果表明黄豆粉葡萄糖液体培养基是适于裂褶菌合成多糖的培养基,能培养出密集、白色、均匀的菌球和丰富的多糖。其组成为(g/L):葡萄糖30,黄豆粉5,酵母膏2,KH_2PO_4 1,MgSO_4·7H_2O0.5。pH5.5。最适发酵条件:pH5—5.5,温度26—28℃,振速:100—110次/分,当pH降至4.9—4.7,残糖量在1%以下,5—6天可终止发酵。在培养6天的浓缩滤液中加入等体积的95%乙醇后大量白色粘稠、纤维状的多糖被沉淀下来。在上述发酵条件下,3个菌株比较结果,南大853能明显提高多糖产量,6天的培养液中多糖量可达5.5—6g/L,南大843和南大835分别是5g/L和2.8g/L。     

一株高温产粘菌株的筛选及其产胞外聚合物分析

从油井采出水中分离到一株高温产胞外聚合物的细菌MS-1,经16S rDNA基因序列分析属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.).该菌能在60℃生长并产生胞外聚合物,其中胞外多糖含量为48.3%～54.5%.主要由甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖组成,摩尔比分别是2.04:1.00:0.89.胞外聚合物中蛋白含量为37.2%～42.4%,主要由甲硫氨酸、亮氨酸、天门冬氨酸、丙氨酸、组氨酸和丝氨酸组成.利用透射电镜和环境扫描电镜对胞外聚合物的形成进行了观察.该菌的分离和研究为高温油藏的微生物调剖和驱油奠定了生物学基础.     

一株海藻多糖降解菌的分离与鉴定

【目的】从腐烂的褐藻中筛选一株海藻多糖降解菌,编号L206,分析其对不同多糖的降解能力。【方法】通过形态观察、生化单因子试验及16S r RNA基因鉴定细菌,DNS法测定海藻多糖降解酶活性等。【结果】海洋细菌L206,革兰氏阴性短杆菌,生长对数期为3-21 h,适宜生长的Na Cl质量浓度为0-3%(质量体积比);通过16S r RNA基因鉴定为白色噬琼胶菌(Agarivorans albus);L206被海带粉诱导至72 h时,综合复合酶活力达到最大,其中淀粉酶活力最高(28.17 U/m L),木聚糖酶次之(23.83 U/m L)。【结论】白色噬琼胶菌L206是一株多能型多糖降解菌,对褐藻多糖有特殊的降解能力,具有潜在开发价值。     

盘针孢菌发酵及其胞外多糖抗氧化活性

[目的]研究盘针孢菌的发酵条件及其胞外多糖(EPS)抗氧化活性.[方法]分别研究碳源、氮源、生长因子、pH值和培养时间等条件对盘针孢菌多糖产量的影响作用,并通过测定其多糖的还原能力及对羟自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除作用研究该多糖的抗氧化活性.[结果]盘针孢菌多糖发酵的最佳条件为20%的马铃薯浸汁,20g/L麦芽糖,5 g/L(NH4)2SO4,0.01 g/L L-胱氨酸,pH 5.0,25℃下培养10 d.在此条件下,多糖产量达到37.52 mg/L,与在基础发酵培养基条件下相比,其多糖产量提高了84.10%.盘针孢菌多糖对·OH和DPPH自由基均有较好的清除作用,在多糖浓度为50 mg/L时,对·OH的清除率达到50.81%;多糖浓度为20 mg/L时,对DPPH自由基的清除率达到14.21%.[结论]发酵条件对盘针孢菌多糖代谢具有重要的调控作用,且该多糖具有明显的抗氧化活性.     

红曲多糖液态发酵条件与抗氧化活性的研究

对1株高产胞外多糖红曲霉菌株Mr-70的液态发酵条件和粗多糖抗氧化活性进行了初步研究,得到菌株Mr-70优化后的发酵工艺条件为葡葡糖60 g/L,蛋白陈20g/L,K2HPO410 g/L,MgSO4 · 7H20 1.1g/L,PH 6.5,在摇床转速200 r/min,温度32℃的条件下培养96 h,胞外粗多糖产量...     

桦褐孔菌菌质多糖的制备及其对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

为研究桦褐孔菌菌质多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响,采用水提醇沉法提取粗多糖,Sevag法脱蛋白后透析,再经DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换柱进一步分离纯化,MTT法检测不同浓度的桦褐孔菌菌质多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。试验结果得到3个多糖纯化组分JZP1、JZP2、JZP3;粗多糖(JZPC)、精制多糖(JZPJ)和纯化多糖(JZP3),能够促进淋巴细胞增殖,最大增殖率分别为59.04%(1 000μg/m L),44.58%(20μg/m L),39.76%(20μg/m L)。JZP1和JZP2在1 000μg/m L时抑制淋巴细胞增殖,抑制率分别15.66%和13.25%。结果表明相同浓度下粗多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖作用强于纯化多糖,不同多糖组分表现出不同的免疫学活性,并且其免疫活性与其浓度密切相关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.