钙对水稻幼苗抗冷性的影响

ＣａＣｌ２浸种提高水稻幼苗叶片中结合态钙、内源抗氧化剂（ＧＳＨ、ＡｓＡ）含量和膜保护酶（ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ）活性,也增加可溶性蛋白质中煮沸稳定蛋白质（ｂｏｉｌｉｎｇ－ｓｔａｂｌｅｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ）的含量。冷胁迫期间,ＣａＣｌ２并能减少因冷胁迫引起的ＧＳＨ、ＡｓＡ含量,ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性以及煮沸稳定蛋白质下降的程度。在恢复期间,经ＣａＣｌ２处理的幼苗其ＧＳＨ、ＡＳＡ、ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ以及煮沸稳定蛋白质水平均有回升。     

玉米幼苗萎蔫过程中某些理化性质变化的研究

玉米幼苗在暂时性萎蔫期间失水速率相对较慢,可溶性糖,脯氨酸等渗透调度物质的积累较多,ＳＯＤ活性增加,而在永久性萎缩期间失水速率较快,渗透调节物质减少,ＳＯＤ活性下降,在玉米幼苗萎蔫的全过程中,叶绿素,蛋白质含量及ＣＡＴ,ＰＯＤ活性等迅速下降,质膜透性增大,膜脂过氧化加剧。     

六出花切花的瓶插花期延长

六出花切花的瓶插花期延长李宪章（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００９３）ＬＩＦＥＥＸＴＥＮＳＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＣＵＴＦＬＯＷＥＲＯＦＡＬＳＴＲＯＭＥＲＩＡＡＵＲＡＮＴＩＡＣＡＷＩＴＨＦＬＯＲＡＬＰＲＥＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＶＥＳＬｉＸｉａｎｚｈａｎｇ（Ｉ...     

表油菜素内酯对月季切花保鲜作用的研究

本文初步探讨了表油菜素内酯（epiBR）对瓶插月季切花的保鲜作用。与对照（蒸馏水）和基本液（2％蔗糖＋500mgL-1柠檬酸＋250mgL-8-羟基喹啉＋25mgAgNO3）相比,经epiBR处理（基本液＋0．1mgL-1epiBR）的月季切花花枝坚挺,蓝变延迟,瓶插寿命延长1-1.5倍。测定有关生理指标表明,epiBR处理对月季切花瓶插花枝前期鲜重的增加及后期的保持有明显作用。并显著延缓花瓣和叶片质膜相对透性的增加,还能使瓶插前期花瓣还原糖含量增加。epiBR处理对花瓣蛋白质和叶片叶绿素含量变化无明显影响,而对花瓣花青素水平下降有轻微的促进作用。     

Mn-SOD与抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因的融合及高效表达

将Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ与抗癌胚抗原（ＣＥＡ）单链抗体基因（Ｓｃ－Ｆｖ ｇｅｎｅ）融合,重组到含Ｔ７启动子的表达载体ｐＥＴ－２２ｂ（＋）中,构建表达质粒ｐＥＴＭｎ－ＳＯＤ－ＳｃＦｖ,并转化大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）,进行高效表达,表达物占菌体可溶性总蛋白的２４％。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和蛋白质和迹图谱显示表达物分子量为４５ｋＤ与融合基因编码蛋白质的理论值相符。该蛋白质在大肠杆菌中为泌型表达有利于纯化。ＲＩＡ测定表     

多胺对月季切花衰老过程中生理生化和瓶插寿命的影响

精胺处理可保持月季切花瓶插前期花瓣还原糖和蛋白质的较高水平、减缓花瓣和叶片细胞膜稼性的增加,减少共 积累以及降低乙烯释放速率,这与精胺处理后月季切花瓶插寿命提高相一致;但亚精胺处理对季切花瓶插寿命和改善观赏品质无明显影响。     

多胺对水稻CMS系及其保持系幼穗蛋白质、核酸和活性氧代谢的影响

用ＤＡｒｇ＋ ＭＧＢＧ 处理保持系, 降低花粉可育度, 并使其幼穗中蛋白质、ＤＮＡ 和ＲＮＡ含量以及蛋白酶、ＲＮＡ 酶和ＤＮＡ 酶活性下降,使Ｏ－·２ 生成速率和ＭＤＡ 含量上升。Ｐｕｔ＋ Ｓｐｄ ＋ Ｓｐｍ 可消除或部分消除ＤＡｒｇ ＋ＭＧＢＧ的上述效应（ 对酶活性的影响除外） 。ＤＡｒｇ ＋ ＭＧＢＧ 也使ＰＯＤ、ＳＯＤ 和ＣＡＴ活性上升, 但是,多胺只能降低抑制剂对ＰＯＤ 的刺激作用。用Ｐｕｔ＋ Ｓｐｄ ＋ Ｓｐｍ 处理不育系, 使花粉可育度轻度提高, 并使其幼穗蛋白质、ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ 含量略有上升,使蛋白酶、ＤＮＡ酶和ＲＮＡ 酶活性、Ｏ－·２ 生成速率、ＭＤＡ 含量、ＳＯＤ 和ＣＡＴ活性下降, 使ＰＯＤ 活性上升     

吸湿—回干处理降低番茄种子电解质渗漏的机理研究

对吸湿－回干处理降低番茄种子电解质渗漏的机理进行了研究,结果表明,吸湿－回干处理降低番茄种子电解质渗漏的效应产生于吸湿阶段。随吸湿时间延长,电解质渗漏下降,而ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性上升。mRNA和蛋白质合成抑制对剂电解质渗漏下降与ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性上升均无抑制作用,表明吸湿处理降低电解质渗漏、提高ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性的作用mＲＮＡ和蛋白质合成无关,吸湿和吸湿－回干处理后Ｋ３Ｆe(CN)6还原活显著下降,表明的生理生化状态发生了某种变化。     

野葛组织内抗氧化物质初步分析

分别测定了野葛根、茎、叶ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ、ＧＳＨ、Ｐｘ、Ｖｃ抗氧化物质活性,其中叶组织中含量最高;测定可深远的性蛋白和可溶性糖含量。发现可溶蛋白叶中最高,但根中可溶性糖含量远远高于茎叶。实验表明,野葛叶中也含有丰富的抗氧化物质,值得进一步研究开发。     

人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶cDNA的克隆,测序及表达

用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）,以人胎肝组织总ＲＮＡ为模板,扩增了人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ｈＣｕ,ＺｎＳＯＤ）的ｃＤＮＡ,并进行序列分析,将该ｈＣｕ,ＺｎＳＯＤｃＤＮＡ重组到Ｔ７启动子控制下的分泌型表达载体ｐＥＴ２２ｂ（＋）中,构建表达质粒ｐＥＴＳＯＤ,并转化大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ及蛋白质印迹分析表明,经１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ异丙基硫代βＤ半乳糖苷（ＩＰＴＧ）诱导后,可高效表达一分子量为１９ｋＤ的蛋白质,与抗人ＳＯＤ多抗有特异的免疫反应,表达量约为菌体总蛋白质的３０％,具有特异性ＳＯＤ酶活性,酶活力可达１７９７ｕ／ｍｌ培基。     

Invertase and sucrose synthase in flowers

Sucrose and reducing sugar concentrations in petals of cut carnation flowers, whose life was prolonged up to 7 days by bathing stalks in sucrose solutions, were respectively 3-fold and 2-fold higher than those bathed in water. Reducing sugar concentrations were about 7-fold higher than sucrose concentrations. A study of invertase and sucrose synthase activities in flower petals of carnation and four other species of flowers revealed that both enzymes may be involved in hydrolysis of translocated sucrose. Invertase activity, while being up to 20-fold higher than sucrose synthase activity in some species was approximately comparable in others. More detailed studies on invertase from petals of 3 flower species demonstrated the presence of only the acid form of the enzyme with a K_m value for sucrose of about 2.5 mM.     

低温条件下ABA和钨酸钠对茶树叶片中渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探讨外源脱落酸( ABA)及其抑制剂钨酸钠对茶树﹝Camellia sinensis ( Linn.) O. Ktze.﹞耐寒性的影响效应,以茶树品种‘龙井43’(‘Longjing 43’)的2年生幼苗为实验材料,在低温(4℃)条件下分别设置50 mg·L-1 ABA和20 mmol·L-1钨酸钠单一及复合处理共6个处理组( T1：仅喷施蒸馏水,对照;T2：仅喷施ABA;T3：仅喷施钨酸钠;T4：同时喷施ABA和钨酸钠; T5：0 h时喷施ABA,24 h时喷施钨酸钠; T6：0 h时喷施钨酸钠,24 h时喷施ABA),对处理0~72 h叶片中渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化进行了比较分析。结果显示：低温条件下,各处理组幼苗叶片中可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量以及超氧化物歧化酶( SOD)、过氧化氢酶( CAT)和过氧化物酶( POD)活性均在处理初期逐渐升高,之后各指标的变化趋势存在差异。在处理的中后期,除T4处理组的游离脯氨酸含量低于对照组外,各处理组的可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量总体上显著高于对照组;T2处理组的SOD、CAT和POD活性均显著高于对照组,而T3处理组仅SOD活性明显高于对照组,其CAT和POD活性则低于或略高于对照组。对各单一与复合处理组的比较结果显示：T4处理组的SOD和POD活性总体上低于T2处理组,但高于T3处理组;而其CAT活性总体上低于T2和T3处理组。在处理24 h后,T5处理组的可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量以及SOD和POD活性的变化趋势与T2处理组一致;T6处理组的可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量及POD活性变化趋势与T3处理组一致,而其可溶性蛋白质含量以及SOD和CAT活性的变化趋势却与T3处理组有一定差异。上述研究结果表明：低温条件下喷施适量的ABA或钨酸钠均可以提升茶树叶片中渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性,但同时喷施ABA和钨酸钠对茶树叶片中渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响却不显著。     

Effects of postharvest pretreatments and preservative solutions on vase life longevity and flower quality of sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.)

The effects of postharvest pretreatments on vase life, keeping quality and carbohydrate concentrations in cut sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) flowers were investigated. Compared to the control, all treatments promoted floret quality and extended longevity. The cut flowers held in the solution containing sucrose + 8-hydroxyquinoline (Suc+HQS) was more effective in promoting absorption rate, achieved greater maximum fresh mass, had better water balance for a longer period, extended the vase life (up to 17 d), and delayed degradation of chlorophylls. The same treatment also enhanced the concentration of soluble carbohydrates in the petals and stems and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, whereas it was lowest in silver thiosulphate (STS) treatment. However, concentrations of anthocyanin in the petals were higher for treatment with sucrose or STS plus sucrose than in control or STS alone treatments. Our results suggest that pulse treatment with HQS plus sucrose for 12 h is the most effective for improving pigmentation and use as a commercial cut flower preservative solution to delay flower senescence, enhance quality, and prolong the vase life of sweet pea. The results also showed that soluble carbohydrate concentration in petals and stems is an important factor in determining the vase life of sweet pea flowers.     

丛枝菌根真菌延长百合切花观赏期作用机制的初步研究

为初步探究丛枝菌根(arbuscularmycorrhizal,AM)真菌促进百合生长并延长瓶插过程中切花观赏期的作用机制,于温室盆栽条件下对百合Lilium brownii进行摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae和变形球囊霉Glomusversiforme单一接种或者共同双接种处理。结果表明,共同接种F.mosseae和G.versiforme的百合地上部干重和地下部干重均显著高于不接种对照,分别增加了60%和58%。与不接种对照相比,接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理的百合根尖数、根系长度、分叉数、表面积和根系体积分别比对照增加123%、128%、182%、118%和232%。切花瓶插期间,接种AM真菌处理的百合切花水分平衡值和鲜重变化率显著高于对照处理;乙烯释放速率和呼吸速率显著低于对照,瓶插5d时达到乙烯峰值5.4μL/*g·h (FW)+,共同接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理的百合切花乙烯释放速率比对照降低30%;呼吸速率则在瓶插1d时达到峰值0.7μL/*g·h (FW)+,共同接种比对照降低37%;百合花瓣内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量比对照分别提高19%、32%、52%和26%。百合花瓣内N、P、K、Mg、Ca、Fe和Zn含量均显著高于不接种对照处理,Mn和Cr含量则低于对照;共同接种处理的百合瓶插寿命增加了3d,最佳观赏时间比对照延长2d。结论认为共同接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理更加有效地改善切花花枝的水分平衡、营养状况与生理代谢,控制衰老激素的合成,从而延长百合切花的瓶插寿命和最佳观赏期。     

Effects of the time of sucrose treatment on vase life, soluble carbohydrate concentrations and ethylene production in cut sweet pea flowers

Cut sweet pea flowers were put in vase water containing 200 mg l^–1 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (HQS), and 100 g l^–1 sucrose was added to the solution during the first 24 h (initial treatment), from the 24th h on (late treatment) or throughout the experimental period (continuous treatment). The vase life of the florets in the control (with no sucrose added), initial-, late-, and continuous-treatment groups were 2.8, 6.0, 5.0 and 8.0 days, respectively. Climacteric ethylene production of the florets was the earliest in the control group followed by the late-, initial- and continuous-treatment groups, in this order. The concentrations of glucose, fructose and s ucrose at the 2nd day and later were the highest in the continuous-treatment group followed by the initial-treatment, late-treatment and control group, in this order. Thus, the correlation between sugar concentrations in petals and vase life was positive, whereas that between the sugar concentrations and ethylene production was negative. These results suggest that sugar concentration in petals affects the vase life of cut sweet pea flowers through ethylene production.     

无机三价砷对黄花水龙无菌苗生理生化特性的影响

采用溶液培养法研究无机三价砷胁迫对黄花水龙[Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P. H. Raven subsp. stipulacea (Ohwi) P. H. Raven.]无菌苗的影响, 通过将黄花水龙无菌苗在含不同浓度NaAsO₂(0、2.5、10、50、250和500 μmol/L)的1/10霍格兰溶液中培养24h, 测定叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖以及抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性的变化, 以探讨无机三价砷胁迫对黄花水龙无菌苗光合特性及相关生理生化特征指标的影响。结果表明: 2.5 μmol/L As (Ⅲ)处理时, 叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量达到峰值, 随着处理浓度升高,叶绿素含量均有所下降; 处理组MDA含量均高于对照组, 且当处理浓度升高至500 μmol/L显著高于对照组。可溶性蛋白含量随着砷处理浓度的升高先升后降, 在As (Ⅲ)浓度为250 μmol/L时显著高于对照组, 当浓度高至500 μmol/L时可溶性蛋白含量有所降低; 可溶性糖含量随着砷浓度的升高先降后升, 抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性均在低砷处理浓度下逐渐升高并到显著差异水平, 但当浓度高于250 μmol/L后, 含量均呈下降趋势; 这表明在低浓度胁迫下, 黄花水龙自身会出现自我保护现象, 高浓度砷对黄花水龙表现出损伤效应。研究结果为进一步研究砷胁迫下黄花水龙生理和生长变化及其培育和移植提供了一定依据。     

不同保鲜剂对大花飞燕草切花生理特性的影响

以大花飞燕草‘夏季天空’切花为材料,以清水为对照,采用14种不同保鲜剂对其进行保鲜处理。结果表明,SOD活性总体变化先上升再下降;CAT活性变化与SOD类似;POD活性,6-体呈上升趋势;MDA含量呈波动上升趋势;Pro含量呈先减少后又波动增加;可溶性蛋白质含量先增后减。同时发现各保鲜剂均能不同程度延长大花飞燕草切花的瓶插寿命,提升酶促系统的综合作用,降低MDATZPro含量,减缓蛋白质降解,延缓切花衰老,提高观赏品质,其中以保鲜剂1％蔗糖＋200mg·L-1 8-HQS＋50mg·L-1 AgNO3＋50mg·L-1 Al2（SO4）3保鲜效果最佳。     

Effects of Sucrose on Water Relations of Cut, Senescing, Carnation Flowers

Carnation flower stems were stood in water or sucrose solutionand changes in water content, water and osmotic potential, turgorpressure and solutes (sugars, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium)of petals were measured throughout the flower life. In bothtreatments the petals had a higher specific water content atincipient wilting than when the flowers were first cut. In water,turgor pressure decreased rapidly after the seventh day becauseof a decrease in tissue solute content. In sucrose solution,loss, of solutes was delayed probably because the sugar provideda respiratory substrate to maintain cell membrane integrity.In these cells, sugars and water accumulated causing decreasesin water potential and osmotic potential. Solutes and waterwere lost at about day 15 and turgor pressure decreased. Therewas some evidence that from about day 11 cells were so gorgedwith sugars that they burst when they were placed in water duringthe adjustment of water content prior to water potential measurements. Most of the initial petal osmotic energy content could be accountedfor by sugar, potassium, and anions associated with potassium,but in water, as the petals aged and sugar content decreased,so the potassium ions contributed a larger proportion of theosmotic energy; with stems in sucrose, the endogenous sugarcontent (reducing sugars plus sucrose) contributed an increasingproportion of the total osmotic energy. Dianthus caryophyllus, carnation, flowers, water relations, senescence     

The Relationship Between the Change of Calmodulin Content and Ethylene Biosynthesis of Carnation Flower During Its Senescence

The relationship between the change of calmodulin content and the ethylene hiosynthesis in cut carnation flower (Dianthus caryophyllus ‘sun besm’ ) during its senescence was studied. Ethylene releasing was detected at the forth day and reached its peak at the sixth day after the cut carnation flower was cultured under controlled conditions of 27 ℃ with a 14 h photoperiod of 15000 lx provided by fluorescent lamps. The change of calmodulin content positively correlated with the increased' content of ACC, the activity of ACC synthase and ethylene production. The calmodulin contents in petals of the detached flower treated with GA, silver thiosulfate (STS) and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) were lower than those in control flower petals before they withered, ethylene releasing was reduced and their senescence was delayed too. Ca2+ stimulated ethylene releasing in carnation flower petals, but chlorobenzene (CPZ), an antagonist of calmodulin, inhibited its releasing. It seemed that calmodulin was involved in the regulation of senescence of carnation flower.     

冷藏唐菖蒲切花瓶插过程中水分平衡及若干生理指标的变化

测定唐菖蒲新鲜切花和冷藏切花瓶插过程中的水分平衡、鲜重与某些生理指标的变化。结果表明,瓶插过程中,冷藏切花吸水和失水初时受阻,鲜重增加值大大低于新鲜切花;与瓶插同期的新鲜切花相比,冷藏切花各部位小花花瓣和苞片可溶性蛋白质明显降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量明显较高,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均明显下降。对唐菖蒲切花冷藏后品质变劣的原因作了讨论。